The importance of non-technical measures in the transport sector for the UN-ECE emission reduction policy
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1 The importance of non-technical measures in the transport sector for the UN-ECE emission reduction policy Dr. Karl-Heinz Zierock Umweltbundesamt Germany UN/ECE Workshop Göteborg 7/
2 State-of-play Emissions of pollutants covered by UN-ECE protocols decrease but critcial loads and ozone targets are still exceeded Transport is a key source for NOx and PM Currently protocols contain national emission ceilings/targets and BAT guidelines for stationary and mobile sources Non-technical measures are covered by the national ceilings/targets, but not explicitly addressed
3 EU % 180% 160% 140% 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Projected NO x emissions in 2010 compared to NEC ceilings Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Portugal Spain Sweden UK No further climate measures With climate measures NEC Ceiling Austria
4 Technical measures considered to NEC emissions of the transport sector
5 Non-Technical measures considered to NEC emissions of the transport sector
6 Contribution of different sources to PM10 (including secondary particles) and NO2 emissions at monitoring sites Source Transport Industry/power plants Domestic sources Others Total PM10/NO2 5-50%/35-85% 0-45%/0-15% 0-25%/5-10% 0-30%/0-30%
7 Examples of measured/modelled local reduction potentials
8 Is there a need to integrate nontechnical measures in the Protocols There is still potential for further reduction taking technical and non-technical measures at international (EU), national and local level The question is: What would be the added value if we incorporated nontechnical measures in one or the other way into the Protocols?
9 Transport Volume Passenger Freight Index (1970=100) GDP
10 500,0 Mio. tkm Predicted Freight Transport Volume Road 400,0 300,0 200,0 100,0 Train 0,0 Inland waterways
11 Impact of different means of transport on key effects (tkm)
12 Non-technical measures potentially of interest for UN-ECE Protocols To improve general policy settings in order to influence transport volumes To use the mode of transport with the highest unit efficiency Join forces to give stronger signals
13 To improve general policy settings in order to influence transport volumes Transport Logistics: EU s MARCO POLO and GALILEO Programmes; Import/export restrictions for dirty cars Fuel taxation Strategic Impact Assessment Environmental Impact Assessment Better monitoring of transport impact
14 SEA for policy, plans and/or programmes, and EIA for transport projects in accession countries
15 Monitoring of transport related measures
16 To use the mode of transport with the highest unit efficiency Fair pricing, e.g. charges on infrastructure and external costs (Eurovignette Directive) Fuel quality and Clean fuels Vehicle taxation Regional measures: sea motorways & inland waterways programme
17 Impact of different means of transport on key effects (Pkm)
18 Road charges in Europe
19 Annual Emission Related Vehicle 50 Tax in Germany (in DEM/100 ccm per ano) Euro 3/Euro 4 Euro 2 Euro 1 Vans with catalyst Vehícles with open loop catalyst Vehicles Economic Instruments to Reduce Emissions from the Transport Sector 19
20 Alternative Technologies in the German Fleet 2004: Electric Cars: ca. 5,000 Fuel Cell (H2): ca. 100 prototypes CNG: ca. 14,500 PC + 4,000 HDV
21 Impact of different means of transport on key effects (Pkm)
22 How could non-technical measures be integrated into protocols? Annexes/separate UN-ECE papers with guidelines Mandatory application of certain non-technical measures Joint action in well-defined areas Joint action in certain policy fields Exchange of information
23 Examples of non-technical measures worth to be considered for integration into protocols Annexes = exchange of information = ongoing (The PEP)? Mandatory = procedural measures, fuel quality, monitoring Area measures = alternative fuels, logistics + regional infrastructure Policy field measures = charges on infrastructure
24 Thank You for Your Attention! Karl-Heinz Zierock Tel.: Fax:
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