UNIT 3: POLYNOMIALS AND ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS. A polynomial is an algebraic expression that consists of a sum of several monomials. x n 1...
|
|
- Luke Wood
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 UNIT 3: POLYNOMIALS AND ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS. Polynomials: A polynomial is an algebraic expression that consists of a sum of several monomials. Remember that a monomial is an algebraic expression as ax n a non negative integer., where a is a real number, and n is The standard form of a polynomial is : P x =a n x n a n 1 x n 1... a 1 x a 0 Here, n denotes the highest power to which x is raised; this highest exponent is called the degree of the polynomial. Thus, in standard form, the highest power term is listed first, and subsequent powers are listed in decreasing order. The monomial a n x n, which is the monomial with the highest exponent of the variable, is called the leading term. The number a 0, which is the term with the exponent zero of the variable, is called the constant term. For instance, the algebraic expression 3x 5 x 3 4x 2 7x 4 is a polynomial: It has five terms: 3x 5, x 3, 4x 2, 7x and 4. The degree is 5, since this is the highest exponent of the variable x. You can say: it is a fifthdegree polynomial. The leading term is 3x 5, while the constant term is 4. Numerical value of a polynomial: Evaluating a polynomial is the same as calculating its numerical value at a given value of the variable: you plug in the given value of x, and figure out what the polynomial is supposed to be. Example: What are the numerical values of the polynomial x=2 and x= 1? P x =x 3 2x 2 3x 5 at the values P 2 P 1 1
2 Adding and subtracting polynomials: Only like terms (those with identical letters and powers) can be added or subtracted. 3xy and 5xy are like terms. x 3 and 7 x 2 are unlike terms, because the powers of x are not the same. Addition or subtraction of polynomials are achieved by adding or subtracting like terms. Examples: a) Given the polynomials: P x =x 4 5x 3 x 6 and Q x =x 3 4x 2 3x 2, calculate P x Q x and P x Q x. b) Given the polynomials: P x =x 4 4x 3 2x 2 3x 1 and Q x = x 3 5x 2 x 3, calculate P x Q x and P x Q x. 2
3 Multiplying polynomials: The product of two polynomials is calculated by the multiplication of all monomials of the two polynomials. Example: Given the polynomials: P x Q x. P x =x 2 4x 1 and Q x = x 2 2x 3, calculate Dividing polynomials: To divide two polynomials the degree of the dividend has to be greater or equal than the degree of the divisor. If P(x) is the dividend, Q(x) is the divisor, C(x) is the quotient and R(x) is the remainder: P(x) R(x) Q(x) C(x) P(x)=Q(x) C(x)+R(x) The degree of the remainder is always less than the degree of the divisor. Example: Calculate the quotient and remainder of the divisions: a) x 4 3x 3 4x 2 2x 5 : x 2 2x 3 3
4 b) x 3 5x 7 : x 2 3 Ruffini's Rule (Synthetic division): Synthetic division (Ruffini's Rule) is a shorthand method of polynomial division in the special case of dividing by a linear factor x a, and it only works in this case. Synthetic division is also use to find zeroes or roots of the polynomial. In mathematics, Ruffini's Rule allows us the rapid division of a polynomial polynomial like x a. The process is shown with the example below: P x by a Example: If we want to work out the division : 3x 3 2x 2 5 : x 1. P x =3x 3 2x 2 5 is the dividend Q x =x 1 is the divisor. The main problem, we first find, is that Q x is not a binomial of the form rewrite it in this way: x a. We must Q x = x 1 Now, we are going to apply the algorithm: 1. Write down the coefficients and a. Note that, as P x doesn't contain a coefficient for x, we write 0: Pass the first coefficient down:
5 3. Multiply the last value by a: Add the values: Repeat steps 3 and 4 until we finish: (remainder) (result coefficients) So, the division 3x 3 2x 2 5 : x 1 has a quotient C x =3x 2 x 1 and a remainder R x = 6. Realize that the quotient is a polynomial of lower degree (one unit less of the degree of the dividend) and the remainder is always a constant term. Examples: Calculate the quotient and remainder of the following divisions, using Ruffini's Rule: a) x 3 5x 2 x 10 : x 2 b) x 4 3x 3 4x 6 : x 2 c) x 4 x 3 x 2 2x 2 : x 1 d) 2x 3 x 1 : x 3 e) x 3 1 : x 1 f) x 4 3x 2 7 : x 2 5
6 Remainder Theorem: The remainder of the division P x : x a is the numerical value of the polynomial P x when x=a, P a. Examples: 1. Calculate the remainder of the division: x 3 2x 2 3x 4 : x 2 : a) Calculating the division by Ruffini's Rule: b) Using the Remainder Theorem: 2. Calculate the numerical value of the polynomial P x =x 4 x 2 3x 6 when x= 1. a) Using the definition of numerical value: b) Applying the Remainder Theorem: Factor Theorem: If P(a)=0 then x-a is a factor or a divisor of the polynomial P(x). Example: a) Calculate the numerical value of the polynomial P x =x 3 3x 2 5x 6 when x=2. b) Calculate the division: x 3 3x 2 5x 6 : x 2. 6
7 Roots of a polynomial: A real number a is a root or a zero of a polynomial P(x) if P(a)=0. Properties: If an integer a is a root of a polynomial P(x), this number a will be a factor or divisor of the constant term of P(x). The number of roots of a polynomial is always less or equal than the degree of the polynomial. Factoring Polynomials: Factoring a polynomial is the opposite process of multiplying polynomial. Recall that when we factor a number, we are looking for prime numbers that multiplying together to give the number, for example: 6=2 3, 12= When we factor a polynomial, we are looking for simpler polynomial that can be multiplied together to give us the polynomial we started with. Factoring a polynomial is to write it as a product of polynomials with the lowest possible degree. Factoring polynomials can be done by: Common Factors. Special Products. Ruffini's Rule. Examples: Factorise the following polynomials: a) x 3 7x 6 b) x 3 6x 2 11x 6 7
8 c) x 3 3x 2 2x d) x 4 1 Your Turn 1. Factorise the following polynomials: a) x 3 2x 2 x 2 b) x 4 6x 3 4x 2 6x 5 8
9 c) x 4 3x 3 4x d) x 4 2x 3 3x 2 4x 4 e) x 3 2x 2 x 2 f) x 4 x g) x 4 5x 3 6x 2 h) x 4 4x 2 9
10 Algebraic Fractions: An algebraic fraction (or a rational expression) is a fraction whose numerator and denominator are polynomials. Two algebraic fractions P x Q x and R x S x are equivalent if P x S x =Q x R x. Algebraic fractions behave the same as numerical fractions. So we can simplify, add, subtract, multiply or divide them, using the same rules. Simplifying algebraic fractions: You can simplify algebraic fractions by cancelling common factors in numerator and denominator to reach an equivalent fraction. Examples: Simplify: a) x 2 2x x 2 4x 4 b) 5x 5 5x 10 c) x 3 x 2 9 d) x 2 1 x 2 x 2 e) x 3 x x 2 x f) x 2 4 x 2 4x 4 Adding and subtracting algebraic fractions: a) With the same denominator: You can add or subtract easily, simply add or subtract the numerators and write the sum over the common denominator. Examples: Calculate: a) b) 3x 4 x 3 x 4 x 3 x 2 5 x 1 x2 6 x 1 b) With different denominators: Before you can add or subtract algebraic fractions with different denominators, you must reduce to common denominator (calculate the LCM) and then add or subtract numerators. 10
11 Examples: Calculate: a) b) x x 2 x 3 x 1 x 1 x 2 4 x x 2 Multiplying and dividing algebraic fractions: P x Q x Examples: Calculate: R x P x R x = S x Q x S x P x Q x : R x P x S x = S x Q x R x a) b) 2x x 3 x 5 x 1 x 2 x 1 : x 1 x 2 Your Turn 1. Calculate: a) x x 2 1 x 1 x 2 x b) 1 x x 2 11
12 c) x 1 x 1 x x 1 d) x 2 x 2x x 2 e) x x 2 x 4 x 1 f) x 2 3 x 1 2x 2 x 3 g) x 3 x 4 : x2 9 x 2 h) x 2 x 1 : x x 2 2x 1 12
13 Keywords: monomial = monomio binomial = binomio trinomial = trinomio Polynomial = polinomio variable = variable constant = constante the unknown = la incógnita degree = grado term = término constant term = término independiente Numerical value of a polynomial = valor numérico de un un polinomio to plug in numbers for the variable = sustituir por números la variable To evaluate when x = = calcular el valor cuando x = like terms = términos semejantes unlike terms = términos no semejantes dividend = dividendo divisor = divisor quotient = cociente remainder = resto Ruffini's Rule = Regla de Ruffini Remainder Theorem = Teorema del Resto Factor Theorem = Teorema del Factor Root or zeroes of a polynomial = raíces o ceros de un polinomio to factorise = factorizar common factor = factor común common denominator = común denominador to put fractions over a common denominator = escribir las facciones con denominador común to cross-multiply = multiplicar en cruz Algebraic Fraction = Facción Algebraica 13
JUST THE MATHS UNIT NUMBER 1.8. ALGEBRA 8 (Polynomials) A.J.Hobson
JUST THE MATHS UNIT NUMBER 1.8 ALGEBRA 8 (Polynomials) by A.J.Hobson 1.8.1 The factor theorem 1.8.2 Application to quadratic and cubic expressions 1.8.3 Cubic equations 1.8.4 Long division of polynomials
More informationCopy in your notebook: Add an example of each term with the symbols used in algebra 2 if there are any.
Algebra 2 - Chapter Prerequisites Vocabulary Copy in your notebook: Add an example of each term with the symbols used in algebra 2 if there are any. P1 p. 1 1. counting(natural) numbers - {1,2,3,4,...}
More information3.1. RATIONAL EXPRESSIONS
3.1. RATIONAL EXPRESSIONS RATIONAL NUMBERS In previous courses you have learned how to operate (do addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) on rational numbers (fractions). Rational numbers
More information1.7. Partial Fractions. 1.7.1. Rational Functions and Partial Fractions. A rational function is a quotient of two polynomials: R(x) = P (x) Q(x).
.7. PRTIL FRCTIONS 3.7. Partial Fractions.7.. Rational Functions and Partial Fractions. rational function is a quotient of two polynomials: R(x) = P (x) Q(x). Here we discuss how to integrate rational
More information1.3 Polynomials and Factoring
1.3 Polynomials and Factoring Polynomials Constant: a number, such as 5 or 27 Variable: a letter or symbol that represents a value. Term: a constant, variable, or the product or a constant and variable.
More information2.3. Finding polynomial functions. An Introduction:
2.3. Finding polynomial functions. An Introduction: As is usually the case when learning a new concept in mathematics, the new concept is the reverse of the previous one. Remember how you first learned
More informationPartial Fractions. p(x) q(x)
Partial Fractions Introduction to Partial Fractions Given a rational function of the form p(x) q(x) where the degree of p(x) is less than the degree of q(x), the method of partial fractions seeks to break
More information1.3 Algebraic Expressions
1.3 Algebraic Expressions A polynomial is an expression of the form: a n x n + a n 1 x n 1 +... + a 2 x 2 + a 1 x + a 0 The numbers a 1, a 2,..., a n are called coefficients. Each of the separate parts,
More informationLagrange Interpolation is a method of fitting an equation to a set of points that functions well when there are few points given.
Polynomials (Ch.1) Study Guide by BS, JL, AZ, CC, SH, HL Lagrange Interpolation is a method of fitting an equation to a set of points that functions well when there are few points given. Sasha s method
More informationSOLVING POLYNOMIAL EQUATIONS
C SOLVING POLYNOMIAL EQUATIONS We will assume in this appendix that you know how to divide polynomials using long division and synthetic division. If you need to review those techniques, refer to an algebra
More informationZeros of a Polynomial Function
Zeros of a Polynomial Function An important consequence of the Factor Theorem is that finding the zeros of a polynomial is really the same thing as factoring it into linear factors. In this section we
More informationPOLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS
POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS Polynomial Division.. 314 The Rational Zero Test.....317 Descarte s Rule of Signs... 319 The Remainder Theorem.....31 Finding all Zeros of a Polynomial Function.......33 Writing a
More information3.6. Partial Fractions. Introduction. Prerequisites. Learning Outcomes
Partial Fractions 3.6 Introduction It is often helpful to break down a complicated algebraic fraction into a sum of simpler fractions. For 4x + 7 example it can be shown that x 2 + 3x + 2 has the same
More informationDeterminants can be used to solve a linear system of equations using Cramer s Rule.
2.6.2 Cramer s Rule Determinants can be used to solve a linear system of equations using Cramer s Rule. Cramer s Rule for Two Equations in Two Variables Given the system This system has the unique solution
More information1.4. Arithmetic of Algebraic Fractions. Introduction. Prerequisites. Learning Outcomes
Arithmetic of Algebraic Fractions 1.4 Introduction Just as one whole number divided by another is called a numerical fraction, so one algebraic expression divided by another is known as an algebraic fraction.
More informationAlum Rock Elementary Union School District Algebra I Study Guide for Benchmark III
Alum Rock Elementary Union School District Algebra I Study Guide for Benchmark III Name Date Adding and Subtracting Polynomials Algebra Standard 10.0 A polynomial is a sum of one ore more monomials. Polynomial
More informationPre-Calculus II Factoring and Operations on Polynomials
Factoring... 1 Polynomials...1 Addition of Polynomials... 1 Subtraction of Polynomials...1 Multiplication of Polynomials... Multiplying a monomial by a monomial... Multiplying a monomial by a polynomial...
More information6.1 The Greatest Common Factor; Factoring by Grouping
386 CHAPTER 6 Factoring and Applications 6.1 The Greatest Common Factor; Factoring by Grouping OBJECTIVES 1 Find the greatest common factor of a list of terms. 2 Factor out the greatest common factor.
More informationPREPARATION FOR MATH TESTING at CityLab Academy
PREPARATION FOR MATH TESTING at CityLab Academy compiled by Gloria Vachino, M.S. Refresh your math skills with a MATH REVIEW and find out if you are ready for the math entrance test by taking a PRE-TEST
More informationUNIT 5 VOCABULARY: POLYNOMIALS
2º ESO Bilingüe Page 1 UNIT 5 VOCABULARY: POLYNOMIALS 1.1. Algebraic Language Algebra is a part of mathematics in which symbols, usually letters of the alphabet, represent numbers. Letters are used to
More informationZero: If P is a polynomial and if c is a number such that P (c) = 0 then c is a zero of P.
MATH 11011 FINDING REAL ZEROS KSU OF A POLYNOMIAL Definitions: Polynomial: is a function of the form P (x) = a n x n + a n 1 x n 1 + + a x + a 1 x + a 0. The numbers a n, a n 1,..., a 1, a 0 are called
More informationAnswers to Basic Algebra Review
Answers to Basic Algebra Review 1. -1.1 Follow the sign rules when adding and subtracting: If the numbers have the same sign, add them together and keep the sign. If the numbers have different signs, subtract
More information3.2 The Factor Theorem and The Remainder Theorem
3. The Factor Theorem and The Remainder Theorem 57 3. The Factor Theorem and The Remainder Theorem Suppose we wish to find the zeros of f(x) = x 3 + 4x 5x 4. Setting f(x) = 0 results in the polynomial
More informationCAHSEE on Target UC Davis, School and University Partnerships
UC Davis, School and University Partnerships CAHSEE on Target Mathematics Curriculum Published by The University of California, Davis, School/University Partnerships Program 006 Director Sarah R. Martinez,
More informationMath 0980 Chapter Objectives. Chapter 1: Introduction to Algebra: The Integers.
Math 0980 Chapter Objectives Chapter 1: Introduction to Algebra: The Integers. 1. Identify the place value of a digit. 2. Write a number in words or digits. 3. Write positive and negative numbers used
More informationWhen factoring, we look for greatest common factor of each term and reverse the distributive property and take out the GCF.
Factoring: reversing the distributive property. The distributive property allows us to do the following: When factoring, we look for greatest common factor of each term and reverse the distributive property
More informationis identically equal to x 2 +3x +2
Partial fractions 3.6 Introduction It is often helpful to break down a complicated algebraic fraction into a sum of simpler fractions. 4x+7 For example it can be shown that has the same value as 1 + 3
More informationSECTION 0.6: POLYNOMIAL, RATIONAL, AND ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
(Section 0.6: Polynomial, Rational, and Algebraic Expressions) 0.6.1 SECTION 0.6: POLYNOMIAL, RATIONAL, AND ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS LEARNING OBJECTIVES Be able to identify polynomial, rational, and algebraic
More informationPartial Fractions. Combining fractions over a common denominator is a familiar operation from algebra:
Partial Fractions Combining fractions over a common denominator is a familiar operation from algebra: From the standpoint of integration, the left side of Equation 1 would be much easier to work with than
More informationIntegrals of Rational Functions
Integrals of Rational Functions Scott R. Fulton Overview A rational function has the form where p and q are polynomials. For example, r(x) = p(x) q(x) f(x) = x2 3 x 4 + 3, g(t) = t6 + 4t 2 3, 7t 5 + 3t
More informationSIMPLIFYING ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS
Tallahassee Community College 5 SIMPLIFYING ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS In arithmetic, you learned that a fraction is in simplest form if the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) of the numerator and the denominator is
More informationFlorida Math 0028. Correlation of the ALEKS course Florida Math 0028 to the Florida Mathematics Competencies - Upper
Florida Math 0028 Correlation of the ALEKS course Florida Math 0028 to the Florida Mathematics Competencies - Upper Exponents & Polynomials MDECU1: Applies the order of operations to evaluate algebraic
More informationThe Method of Partial Fractions Math 121 Calculus II Spring 2015
Rational functions. as The Method of Partial Fractions Math 11 Calculus II Spring 015 Recall that a rational function is a quotient of two polynomials such f(x) g(x) = 3x5 + x 3 + 16x x 60. The method
More informationSection 4.1 Rules of Exponents
Section 4.1 Rules of Exponents THE MEANING OF THE EXPONENT The exponent is an abbreviation for repeated multiplication. The repeated number is called a factor. x n means n factors of x. The exponent tells
More informationFRACTIONS MODULE Part I
FRACTIONS MODULE Part I I. Basics of Fractions II. Rewriting Fractions in the Lowest Terms III. Change an Improper Fraction into a Mixed Number IV. Change a Mixed Number into an Improper Fraction BMR.Fractions
More informationAdding and Subtracting Fractions. 1. The denominator of a fraction names the fraction. It tells you how many equal parts something is divided into.
Tallahassee Community College Adding and Subtracting Fractions Important Ideas:. The denominator of a fraction names the fraction. It tells you how many equal parts something is divided into.. The numerator
More informationPolynomial Expression
DETAILED SOLUTIONS AND CONCEPTS - POLYNOMIAL EXPRESSIONS Prepared by Ingrid Stewart, Ph.D., College of Southern Nevada Please Send Questions and Comments to ingrid.stewart@csn.edu. Thank you! PLEASE NOTE
More information3.6 The Real Zeros of a Polynomial Function
SECTION 3.6 The Real Zeros of a Polynomial Function 219 3.6 The Real Zeros of a Polynomial Function PREPARING FOR THIS SECTION Before getting started, review the following: Classification of Numbers (Appendix,
More informationChapter 3 Section 6 Lesson Polynomials
Chapter Section 6 Lesson Polynomials Introduction This lesson introduces polynomials and like terms. As we learned earlier, a monomial is a constant, a variable, or the product of constants and variables.
More informationOperations with Algebraic Expressions: Multiplication of Polynomials
Operations with Algebraic Expressions: Multiplication of Polynomials The product of a monomial x monomial To multiply a monomial times a monomial, multiply the coefficients and add the on powers with the
More informationChapter 7 - Roots, Radicals, and Complex Numbers
Math 233 - Spring 2009 Chapter 7 - Roots, Radicals, and Complex Numbers 7.1 Roots and Radicals 7.1.1 Notation and Terminology In the expression x the is called the radical sign. The expression under the
More informationRadicals - Rationalize Denominators
8. Radicals - Rationalize Denominators Objective: Rationalize the denominators of radical expressions. It is considered bad practice to have a radical in the denominator of a fraction. When this happens
More informationBasic Properties of Rational Expressions
Basic Properties of Rational Expressions A fraction is not defined when the denominator is zero! Examples: Simplify and use Mathematics Writing Style. a) x + 8 b) x 9 x 3 Solution: a) x + 8 (x + 4) x +
More informationGouvernement du Québec Ministère de l Éducation, 2004 04-00813 ISBN 2-550-43545-1
Gouvernement du Québec Ministère de l Éducation, 004 04-00813 ISBN -550-43545-1 Legal deposit Bibliothèque nationale du Québec, 004 1. INTRODUCTION This Definition of the Domain for Summative Evaluation
More informationPolynomial and Synthetic Division. Long Division of Polynomials. Example 1. 6x 2 7x 2 x 2) 19x 2 16x 4 6x3 12x 2 7x 2 16x 7x 2 14x. 2x 4.
_.qd /7/5 9: AM Page 5 Section.. Polynomial and Synthetic Division 5 Polynomial and Synthetic Division What you should learn Use long division to divide polynomials by other polynomials. Use synthetic
More informationMATH 60 NOTEBOOK CERTIFICATIONS
MATH 60 NOTEBOOK CERTIFICATIONS Chapter #1: Integers and Real Numbers 1.1a 1.1b 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.8 Chapter #2: Algebraic Expressions, Linear Equations, and Applications 2.1a 2.1b 2.1c 2.2 2.3a 2.3b 2.4 2.5
More information1 Homework 1. [p 0 q i+j +... + p i 1 q j+1 ] + [p i q j ] + [p i+1 q j 1 +... + p i+j q 0 ]
1 Homework 1 (1) Prove the ideal (3,x) is a maximal ideal in Z[x]. SOLUTION: Suppose we expand this ideal by including another generator polynomial, P / (3, x). Write P = n + x Q with n an integer not
More informationZeros of Polynomial Functions
Review: Synthetic Division Find (x 2-5x - 5x 3 + x 4 ) (5 + x). Factor Theorem Solve 2x 3-5x 2 + x + 2 =0 given that 2 is a zero of f(x) = 2x 3-5x 2 + x + 2. Zeros of Polynomial Functions Introduction
More informationGraphing Rational Functions
Graphing Rational Functions A rational function is defined here as a function that is equal to a ratio of two polynomials p(x)/q(x) such that the degree of q(x) is at least 1. Examples: is a rational function
More informationRadicals - Multiply and Divide Radicals
8. Radicals - Multiply and Divide Radicals Objective: Multiply and divide radicals using the product and quotient rules of radicals. Multiplying radicals is very simple if the index on all the radicals
More informationMarch 29, 2011. 171S4.4 Theorems about Zeros of Polynomial Functions
MAT 171 Precalculus Algebra Dr. Claude Moore Cape Fear Community College CHAPTER 4: Polynomial and Rational Functions 4.1 Polynomial Functions and Models 4.2 Graphing Polynomial Functions 4.3 Polynomial
More informationPolynomials. Dr. philippe B. laval Kennesaw State University. April 3, 2005
Polynomials Dr. philippe B. laval Kennesaw State University April 3, 2005 Abstract Handout on polynomials. The following topics are covered: Polynomial Functions End behavior Extrema Polynomial Division
More informationNegative Integer Exponents
7.7 Negative Integer Exponents 7.7 OBJECTIVES. Define the zero exponent 2. Use the definition of a negative exponent to simplify an expression 3. Use the properties of exponents to simplify expressions
More informationFactoring. Factoring Monomials Monomials can often be factored in more than one way.
Factoring Factoring is the reverse of multiplying. When we multiplied monomials or polynomials together, we got a new monomial or a string of monomials that were added (or subtracted) together. For example,
More informationChapter 4. Polynomial and Rational Functions. 4.1 Polynomial Functions and Their Graphs
Chapter 4. Polynomial and Rational Functions 4.1 Polynomial Functions and Their Graphs A polynomial function of degree n is a function of the form P = a n n + a n 1 n 1 + + a 2 2 + a 1 + a 0 Where a s
More informationEAP/GWL Rev. 1/2011 Page 1 of 5. Factoring a polynomial is the process of writing it as the product of two or more polynomial factors.
EAP/GWL Rev. 1/2011 Page 1 of 5 Factoring a polynomial is the process of writing it as the product of two or more polynomial factors. Example: Set the factors of a polynomial equation (as opposed to an
More informationRecall the process used for adding decimal numbers. 1. Place the numbers to be added in vertical format, aligning the decimal points.
2 MODULE 4. DECIMALS 4a Decimal Arithmetic Adding Decimals Recall the process used for adding decimal numbers. Adding Decimals. To add decimal numbers, proceed as follows: 1. Place the numbers to be added
More informationThis is a square root. The number under the radical is 9. (An asterisk * means multiply.)
Page of Review of Radical Expressions and Equations Skills involving radicals can be divided into the following groups: Evaluate square roots or higher order roots. Simplify radical expressions. Rationalize
More informationPolynomials. Key Terms. quadratic equation parabola conjugates trinomial. polynomial coefficient degree monomial binomial GCF
Polynomials 5 5.1 Addition and Subtraction of Polynomials and Polynomial Functions 5.2 Multiplication of Polynomials 5.3 Division of Polynomials Problem Recognition Exercises Operations on Polynomials
More information5.1 Radical Notation and Rational Exponents
Section 5.1 Radical Notation and Rational Exponents 1 5.1 Radical Notation and Rational Exponents We now review how exponents can be used to describe not only powers (such as 5 2 and 2 3 ), but also roots
More informationFACTORING OUT COMMON FACTORS
278 (6 2) Chapter 6 Factoring 6.1 FACTORING OUT COMMON FACTORS In this section Prime Factorization of Integers Greatest Common Factor Finding the Greatest Common Factor for Monomials Factoring Out the
More informationAlgebra Cheat Sheets
Sheets Algebra Cheat Sheets provide you with a tool for teaching your students note-taking, problem-solving, and organizational skills in the context of algebra lessons. These sheets teach the concepts
More informationMATH 10034 Fundamental Mathematics IV
MATH 0034 Fundamental Mathematics IV http://www.math.kent.edu/ebooks/0034/funmath4.pdf Department of Mathematical Sciences Kent State University January 2, 2009 ii Contents To the Instructor v Polynomials.
More informationCollege Algebra - MAT 161 Page: 1 Copyright 2009 Killoran
College Algebra - MAT 6 Page: Copyright 2009 Killoran Zeros and Roots of Polynomial Functions Finding a Root (zero or x-intercept) of a polynomial is identical to the process of factoring a polynomial.
More informationexpression is written horizontally. The Last terms ((2)( 4)) because they are the last terms of the two polynomials. This is called the FOIL method.
A polynomial of degree n (in one variable, with real coefficients) is an expression of the form: a n x n + a n 1 x n 1 + a n 2 x n 2 + + a 2 x 2 + a 1 x + a 0 where a n, a n 1, a n 2, a 2, a 1, a 0 are
More informationFACTORING POLYNOMIALS
296 (5-40) Chapter 5 Exponents and Polynomials where a 2 is the area of the square base, b 2 is the area of the square top, and H is the distance from the base to the top. Find the volume of a truncated
More informationExponents, Radicals, and Scientific Notation
General Exponent Rules: Exponents, Radicals, and Scientific Notation x m x n = x m+n Example 1: x 5 x = x 5+ = x 7 (x m ) n = x mn Example : (x 5 ) = x 5 = x 10 (x m y n ) p = x mp y np Example : (x) =
More informationSolve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem. Solve word problems that call for addition of three whole numbers
More informationCopyrighted Material. Chapter 1 DEGREE OF A CURVE
Chapter 1 DEGREE OF A CURVE Road Map The idea of degree is a fundamental concept, which will take us several chapters to explore in depth. We begin by explaining what an algebraic curve is, and offer two
More information1.6 The Order of Operations
1.6 The Order of Operations Contents: Operations Grouping Symbols The Order of Operations Exponents and Negative Numbers Negative Square Roots Square Root of a Negative Number Order of Operations and Negative
More informationALGEBRA 2: 4.1 Graph Quadratic Functions in Standard Form
ALGEBRA 2: 4.1 Graph Quadratic Functions in Standard Form Goal Graph quadratic functions. VOCABULARY Quadratic function A function that can be written in the standard form y = ax 2 + bx+ c where a 0 Parabola
More informationVocabulary Words and Definitions for Algebra
Name: Period: Vocabulary Words and s for Algebra Absolute Value Additive Inverse Algebraic Expression Ascending Order Associative Property Axis of Symmetry Base Binomial Coefficient Combine Like Terms
More informationSolutions of Linear Equations in One Variable
2. Solutions of Linear Equations in One Variable 2. OBJECTIVES. Identify a linear equation 2. Combine like terms to solve an equation We begin this chapter by considering one of the most important tools
More information2.4 Real Zeros of Polynomial Functions
SECTION 2.4 Real Zeros of Polynomial Functions 197 What you ll learn about Long Division and the Division Algorithm Remainder and Factor Theorems Synthetic Division Rational Zeros Theorem Upper and Lower
More informationPartial Fractions. (x 1)(x 2 + 1)
Partial Fractions Adding rational functions involves finding a common denominator, rewriting each fraction so that it has that denominator, then adding. For example, 3x x 1 3x(x 1) (x + 1)(x 1) + 1(x +
More information1 Lecture: Integration of rational functions by decomposition
Lecture: Integration of rational functions by decomposition into partial fractions Recognize and integrate basic rational functions, except when the denominator is a power of an irreducible quadratic.
More informationPOLYNOMIALS and FACTORING
POLYNOMIALS and FACTORING Exponents ( days); 1. Evaluate exponential expressions. Use the product rule for exponents, 1. How do you remember the rules for exponents?. How do you decide which rule to use
More information0.8 Rational Expressions and Equations
96 Prerequisites 0.8 Rational Expressions and Equations We now turn our attention to rational expressions - that is, algebraic fractions - and equations which contain them. The reader is encouraged to
More information3.3 Addition and Subtraction of Rational Numbers
3.3 Addition and Subtraction of Rational Numbers In this section we consider addition and subtraction of both fractions and decimals. We start with addition and subtraction of fractions with the same denominator.
More informationSolving Quadratic Equations
9.3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Using the Quadratic Formula 9.3 OBJECTIVES 1. Solve a quadratic equation by using the quadratic formula 2. Determine the nature of the solutions of a quadratic equation
More informationNSM100 Introduction to Algebra Chapter 5 Notes Factoring
Section 5.1 Greatest Common Factor (GCF) and Factoring by Grouping Greatest Common Factor for a polynomial is the largest monomial that divides (is a factor of) each term of the polynomial. GCF is the
More informationMathematics Placement
Mathematics Placement The ACT COMPASS math test is a self-adaptive test, which potentially tests students within four different levels of math including pre-algebra, algebra, college algebra, and trigonometry.
More informationAlgebra Unpacked Content For the new Common Core standards that will be effective in all North Carolina schools in the 2012-13 school year.
This document is designed to help North Carolina educators teach the Common Core (Standard Course of Study). NCDPI staff are continually updating and improving these tools to better serve teachers. Algebra
More informationZeros of Polynomial Functions
Zeros of Polynomial Functions The Rational Zero Theorem If f (x) = a n x n + a n-1 x n-1 + + a 1 x + a 0 has integer coefficients and p/q (where p/q is reduced) is a rational zero, then p is a factor of
More informationFactoring Trinomials using Algebra Tiles Student Activity
Factoring Trinomials using Algebra Tiles Student Activity Materials: Algebra Tiles (student set) Worksheet: Factoring Trinomials using Algebra Tiles Algebra Tiles: Each algebra tile kits should contain
More informationGreatest Common Factor (GCF) Factoring
Section 4 4: Greatest Common Factor (GCF) Factoring The last chapter introduced the distributive process. The distributive process takes a product of a monomial and a polynomial and changes the multiplication
More informationFactoring Polynomials
UNIT 11 Factoring Polynomials You can use polynomials to describe framing for art. 396 Unit 11 factoring polynomials A polynomial is an expression that has variables that represent numbers. A number can
More informationMTH 092 College Algebra Essex County College Division of Mathematics Sample Review Questions 1 Created January 17, 2006
MTH 092 College Algebra Essex County College Division of Mathematics Sample Review Questions Created January 7, 2006 Math 092, Elementary Algebra, covers the mathematical content listed below. In order
More informationMATH-0910 Review Concepts (Haugen)
Unit 1 Whole Numbers and Fractions MATH-0910 Review Concepts (Haugen) Exam 1 Sections 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, and 2.5 Dividing Whole Numbers Equivalent ways of expressing division: a b,
More informationAlgebraic expressions are a combination of numbers and variables. Here are examples of some basic algebraic expressions.
Page 1 of 13 Review of Linear Expressions and Equations Skills involving linear equations can be divided into the following groups: Simplifying algebraic expressions. Linear expressions. Solving linear
More informationMath 10C. Course: Polynomial Products and Factors. Unit of Study: Step 1: Identify the Outcomes to Address. Guiding Questions:
Course: Unit of Study: Math 10C Polynomial Products and Factors Step 1: Identify the Outcomes to Address Guiding Questions: What do I want my students to learn? What can they currently understand and do?
More informationUNCORRECTED PAGE PROOFS
number and and algebra TopIC 17 Polynomials 17.1 Overview Why learn this? Just as number is learned in stages, so too are graphs. You have been building your knowledge of graphs and functions over time.
More informationThe Greatest Common Factor; Factoring by Grouping
296 CHAPTER 5 Factoring and Applications 5.1 The Greatest Common Factor; Factoring by Grouping OBJECTIVES 1 Find the greatest common factor of a list of terms. 2 Factor out the greatest common factor.
More informationClick on the links below to jump directly to the relevant section
Click on the links below to jump directly to the relevant section What is algebra? Operations with algebraic terms Mathematical properties of real numbers Order of operations What is Algebra? Algebra is
More informationAlgebra 1 Course Title
Algebra 1 Course Title Course- wide 1. What patterns and methods are being used? Course- wide 1. Students will be adept at solving and graphing linear and quadratic equations 2. Students will be adept
More informationFive 5. Rational Expressions and Equations C H A P T E R
Five C H A P T E R Rational Epressions and Equations. Rational Epressions and Functions. Multiplication and Division of Rational Epressions. Addition and Subtraction of Rational Epressions.4 Comple Fractions.
More informationApplication. Outline. 3-1 Polynomial Functions 3-2 Finding Rational Zeros of. Polynomial. 3-3 Approximating Real Zeros of.
Polynomial and Rational Functions Outline 3-1 Polynomial Functions 3-2 Finding Rational Zeros of Polynomials 3-3 Approximating Real Zeros of Polynomials 3-4 Rational Functions Chapter 3 Group Activity:
More informationHigher Education Math Placement
Higher Education Math Placement Placement Assessment Problem Types 1. Whole Numbers, Fractions, and Decimals 1.1 Operations with Whole Numbers Addition with carry Subtraction with borrowing Multiplication
More informationPolynomial. Functions. 6A Operations with Polynomials. 6B Applying Polynomial. Functions. You can use polynomials to predict the shape of containers.
Polynomial Functions 6A Operations with Polynomials 6-1 Polynomials 6- Multiplying Polynomials 6-3 Dividing Polynomials Lab Explore the Sum and Difference of Two Cubes 6-4 Factoring Polynomials 6B Applying
More information