FLUIDMECHANICS, COMBUSTION, EMISSIONS AND RELIABILITY IN RECIPROCATING ENGINES

Transcription

1 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto Motori Commission of the European Communities Directorate-General - Sciences, Research and Development PROCEEDINGS OF 2nd International Conference on FLUIDMECHANICS, COMBUSTION, EMISSIONS AND RELIABILITY IN RECIPROCATING ENGINES September, 14th - 19th, 1992 Capri >««em> moa

2 CONTENTS Preface _ XV Address XVI Invited Lectures "The Internal Combustion Engine: Historical Outline" C.Caputo, Prof., Universita degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" Roma - Italy 1 "Quo Vadis, Technologia Combustionis?" A.K.Oppenheim, Prof., University of California, Berkeley - USA 9 "Soot Formation and Related Techniques for Its Reduction in Diesel Engines" T.Kamimoto, Prof., Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan 15 "The Use of Alternative Fuels in Internal Combustion Engines" R.M.Bata, Prof., Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown - USA 25 "Pathways to Emissions Reduction in Diesel Engines" G.LBorman, Prof., Engine Research Center., Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, USA W. L. Brown, Caterpillar Inc. - USA _._ 39 "An Overview of Survival in Dynamic Environments" N.D. Singpurwalla, Prof., The George Washington University, Washington - USA 53 "Applications of Laser-Induced Fluorescence to Spark Ignition Engines" Marcus Alden, Prof., Lund Institute of Technology - Sweden 61 Modeling and Measurements for Engine Fluid-Dynamic Session 1 "The Use of Computational Fluid Dynamic Based Tools in Engine Design" A.A.Boretti, M.G.Lisbona, P. Milazzo, P.Nebuloni, Fiat Research Center, Engines Department, Orbassano, Torino - Italy 69 "Multi-Processor Methodologies in STAR-CD and KIVA-II Codes for Engine Oriented Analysis" G. Caliari, F.Papetti, M.Maggiore, S.Succi, IBM ECSEC European Center for Scientific and Engineering Computing, Roma - Italy M. Presti, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica Univ. di Roma - Italy 81 "On the Turbulent Flow Field in a Motored Reciprocating Engine: CFD Predictions and LDV Measurements" LKaiktsis, P.Dimopoulos, K.Boulouchos, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Institut fur Energietechnik, Zurich - Switzerland 91

3 V/JI "Evaluation of the Influence on Flow Parameters of Different Two-Valve Intake Port Arrangements for D.I. Diesel Engines" A.Arlotti, F.Cagnolati, Lombardini Motori S.p.A., Reggio Emilia - Italy 101 "Numerical Simulation and Comparison of Different Intake Port Concepts for Multivalve Engines" J.Meyer, A.M.Brohmer, Ford-Werke AG, Cologne - Germany 109 "Numerical Simulation of Fluidmechanics of Diesel Combustion Chambers" F.E.Corcione, B.M. Vaglieco, G. Valentino. Istituto Motori, CNR, Napoli - Italy 117 "A Comparison Between Alternative Methods for Gas Flow and Performance Prediction of Internal Combustion Engines" C. Chen, A Veshagh, Advanced Technology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry - U.K. R. Ziarati, Faculty of Engineering & Computer Technology Birmingham Polytechnic, Birmingham - U.K. (Paper 1) (Written only) 123 "A Comparison Between Alternative Methods for Gas Flow and Performance Prediction of Internal Combustion Engines" C. Chen, A Veshagh, Advanced Technology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry - U.K. R. Ziarati, Faculty of Engineering & Computer Technology Birmingham Polytechnic, Birmingham - U.K. (Paper 2) (Written only) 137 Session 2 Diesel Fuel Injection System and Sprays "Influence of the Injection Pressure on the Combustion Characteristics of Diesel Sprays" R. Carlevaro, G. B. Daminelli, A. Reggiori, G. Riva, Istituto per Ricerche sulla Propulsione e sull'energetica, CNR, Milano - Italy 149 "Disintegration and Dispersion of a Non-Evaporating Transient Diesel Spray: a Comparison of Models and Experiments" L Allocca, F. E. Corcione, F. DeAngelis, Istituto Motori, CNR, Napoli - Italy M. Maggiore, F. Papetti, IBM ECSEC, Roma - Italy 159 "Effect of Air Flow and Fuel Composition on Diesel Spray Combustion Process" A.Cavaliere, A.D'Alessio, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Universita' Federico II, Napoli - Italy. A.Cjaiolo, A.D'Anna, R.Ragucci, Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione, CNR, Napoli - Italy 167 "Investigation on Spray Characteristics of a Pumpless Pneumatic Fuel Injection System for Two-Cycle, S.I. Engines" LTognotti, S.Pintus, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Universita di Pisa. R.Gentili, S.Frigo, Dip. di Energetica, Universita di Pisa - Italy 175 "Effect of Spray Characteristics on Performance and Emissions of a D.I. Diesel Engine" L.Allocca, F.E.Corcione, F.DeAngelis, O.Monda, B.M. Vaglieco Istituto Motori, CNR, Napoli - Italy 185

4 IX "Fluidmechanics of Spray-Wall Interaction in Diesel Engines" G. Brunello, CNPM-CNR, Milano - Italy G.E. Cossali, A.Coghe, Dipartimento di Energetica, Politecnico di Milano - Italy 193 "A Simplified Model for Predicting Evaporating Spray Mixing Process in I.D. Diesel Engine" Y.Zhang. Dept. of Marine Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan - China 201 "Evaluation of High-Speed Schlieren Films of Diesel Fuel Sprays with an Electronic Image Processing System" K. Binder, M.Gutmann, K. Prescher, Daimler-Benz Institut fur Motorenbau, Munchen, Germany 209 "Fractal Analysis of Ignited Diesel Spray Structures" A.Cavaliere, A.Rizzo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Universita' Federico II, Napoli - Italy R.Ragucci, Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione, CNR, Napoli - Italy C.Noviello, G.Vanacore, Dipartimento di Ingegneria per I'Energetica, Universita' Federico II, Napoli - Italy 215 Modeling and Measurements for Diesel Combustion and Emissions Session 3 "A Complete Programme for the Simulation of the Thermodynamic Cycle of Diesel Engines" B.Besio, T.Franca, Diesel Ricerche S.p.A., Trieste - Italy 223 "Optical Characteristics of Soot Particles at D.I. Diesel Engine Exhaust: Shape and Spectral Effects" F.E.Corcione, O.Monda, B.M.Vaglieco, Istituto Motori, CNR, Napoli - Italy P.Mengug, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington - USA 241 "Modelling of CO and NO Formation in an Internal Combustion Engine Using a Probabilistic Eulerian Lagrangian Model" D.Puechberty, D.Vanhille, CORIA URA CNRS, Insa de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan - France _..._ 249 "Three-dimensional Modeling of Direct Injection Diesel Combustion" P.Belardini, C.Bertoli, N.Del Giacomo, Istituto Motori, CNR, Napoli - Italy A.Ciajolo, A.D'Anna, Istituto Ricerche sulla Combustione, CNR, Napoli - Italy 255 "Single Droplet Evaporation Rate: Experimental and Numerical Investigation" P.Belardini, C.Bertoli, M.Lazzaro, P.Massoli, Istituto Motori, CNR, Napoli - Italy 265 "Deposits on Diesel Fuel Filters Caused by Incompatibility of Fuel and Lube-Oil Additives" L.Jansen, D.J.H.Servais, A.J.Willemsen, Kuwait Petroleum Research & Technology B.V., Rotterdam - Netherlands 271

5 X "Dynamic Pollutants Emissions Behaviour of a D.I. Diesel Engine" P. Belardini, C. Bertoli, N. Del Giacomo, B. lorio, Istituto Motori, CNR, Napoli Italy R. de Silva, Assing S.p.A., Roma - Italy 277 "The Influence of Fuel Structure on Unregulated Emissions of Diesel Engines" C. Bertoli, N. Del Giacomo, B. lorio, M. V. Prati, S. Stabile, Istituto Motori, CNR, Napoli - Italy 289 "Note Describing a Rotary Internal Combustion Engine with Variable Compression Ratio During Operation" E.Pomar, Apartado de Correos, Torremolinos, Malaga - Spain 301 Modeling and Measurements for S.I. Combustion and Emissions Session 4 "Automatic Modeling of Methanol Combustion Processes" F.P. DiMaio, A. Mazzotti, G. Barbieri, P.G.Lignola, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Universita della Calabria - Italy 305 "Low Temperature Oxidation of an Aromatic/Aliphatic Fuel in Conditions Typical of End-Gases in S.I. Engines" R.Mercogliano, A.Ciajolo, A.D'Anna, A.Setola, Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione, CNR, Napoli - Italy 311 "Unsteady Flame Propagation in S.I. Engines: a Spectral Model with Emphasis on the Premixed Flame Growth Period" K.Boulouchos, P. Dimopoulos, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich - Institut fur Energietechnik Zurich - Switzerland 317 "Development and Validation of a Dynamic Model for Control Optimization of S.I. Engines" M.Gambino, Istituto Motori CNR - Napoli - Italy C.Pianese, G.Rizzo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica per I'Energetica Universita Federico II, Napoli - Italy 329 "The Influence of Gasoline Formulation on the Combustion and Emissions in Spark-Ignition Engines" C.De Petris, V.Giglio, G.Police, M.V.Prati, Istituto Motori, CNR, Napoli - Italy 343 "Studies on Spark Ignition at Istituto Motori" A. Borghese, V. Moccia, R. Tamai, Istituto Motori, CNR, Napoli - Italy M. Diana Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Universita' Federico II, Napoli Italy 355 "Numerical Calculations of Spark Characteristics" T. Hogberg, A.Saitzkoff, Dept. of Combustion Physics, Lund Institute of Technology - Sweden 361

6 XI Innovative and Alternative Fuels Session 5 "Control of Regulated Emissions with Additive Technology in Base Diesel Fuels of Varing Quality" C.Bertoli, N.Del Giacomo, B.lorio, Istituto Motori, CNR, Napoli - Italy R. Caprotti. Exxon Ltd, Abingdon - U.K. 381 "Performances of Present Dual-fuel Heavy Duty Engines and Future Developments" A. Bassi, ETRA S.r.l., Rovereto - Italy 395 "Heavy Duty CNG Fueled Engines, their Possibility to meet Present European Legislation Limits" M.Gambino, S.lannaccone, A.Unich, Istituto Motori, CNR, Napoli - Italy 401 "Evaporation and Combustion Aspects of Vegetable Oils Use as Fuel for I.C. Engines" P. Higelin, G. Vaitilingom, C.E.E.M.A.T., Montpellier - France J. Andrzejewski, A. Sapinski, University of Orleans, E.S.E.M. - France 407 "Distribution and Use of Ethanol in Gasoline Blends" Stan R. Booth, F. Palma S.p.A. - Ecological Fuels, Naples - Italy 413 "Unregulated Emissions from Different Fuels" M. Ferrera, R. Garlasco, E. Volpi, Centro Ricerche Fiat, Torino - Italy E. Barbera, Fiat Auto, Torino - Italy 421 Session 6 Strategies of Exhaust Emissions Reduction "Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Emissions and Performances of Passenger Car Diesel Engines" R. Imarisio, G.M. Rossi Sebastiano, T. Iran Doan, Centro Ricerche Fiat, Torino- Italy 433 "The Increase in N2O Emissions Caused by Three-Way Automotive Catalysts" M. Prigent, R. Doziere, F. Castagna, Institut Francais du Petrole, Rueil - Malmaison, France 441 "NOx and Soot Reduction by Water Emulsified Fuel" K. Shiode, M. Numano, M. Kikuchi, M. Kuwabara, S. Nishio, E. Ishimura Ship Research Institute, Ministry of Transport, Tokyo - Japan 445 "Influence of Controlled EGR on Diesel Emissions" A.Amstutz, Institut fur Energietechnik, ETH-Zentrum, Zurich - Switzerland 453 "Zero Emission Vehicle: a non Conventional Solution Using Heat Engines" G.Bidini, A.N.Milazzo, Department of Energy Engineering, Universita di Firenze - Italy 463

7 XII "Double Oxygen Sensor for Feedback Control to Achieve and Maintain High Catalyst Conversion Efficiencies during Engine and Emission System Aging" A.Caraceni, G.Mastrangelo, ELASIS SCpA, Torino - Italy 473 "Some Problems in Electrostatic Agglomeration and Collection of Diesel Particles" S.AIfuso, M.Auriemma, S.Diana, G.Police, Istituto Motori, CNR, Napoli - Italy 481 "Experimental Assessment of Flow Maldistribution in Automotive Catalytic Converters" E.Leveroni, G.Carpegna, R.Mascellini, Centro Ricerche Fiat, DMC Motori, Orbassano - Torino - Italy 489 "Motorcycle Mufflers Performances: Predictions and Experimental Verifications" G.Bidini, C.N.Grimaldi, Istituto di Energetica, Facolta' di Ingegneria, Perugia U.Broggi, Solfer Componenti SpA, Pierantonio - Perugia - Italy 497 "A Non-Linear Simulation Model for Engine Silencers" G.Ferrari, A.Onorati, Dipartimento di Energetica - Politecnico di Milano - Italy 507 "Influence of Air Filter Permeability on Exhaust Emissions of a D. I. Diesel Engine" F.E.Corcione, B.M.Vaglieco, Istituto Motori, CNR, Napoli - Italy R.Furfari, A.Sala, Fiaam Filter SpA, Mantova - Italy 513 "Environmental Impact of Exhaust Emissions of Marine Diesel Engines" G.Landri, Istituto Motori, CNR, Napoli - Italy A.Paciolla, F.Quaranta, Dip.lngegneria Navale, Napoli - Italy A.Polletta, Progetto Finalizzato Trasporti, CNR, Roma - Italy Session 7 Reliability "Failure Prediction of Marine Diesel Engine using Qualitative Model" M. Numano, E. Isimura, S. Nishio, K. Shiode, S. Tsukahara, Y. Murayama Ship Research Institute, Ministry of Transport, Tokyo - Japan 529 "Decision Support System for Reliability Centered Maintenance Planning and Management" C.Cameretti, L.Delia Ragione, M.Rapone, Istituto Motori, CNR, Napoli R. De Dominicis, Universita di Napoli - Italy B.Shmlyian, Institute for System Studies, Academy of Science Moscow -Russia 533 "Application of Reliability Criteria to Fatigue Life Prediction of Engine Components" A.BIarasin, Processi e Materiali (DPA) Centro Ricerche Fiat, Orbassano Torino - Italy 539 "Engine Reliability Monitoring for Bus Fleet. Methods and Applications" C.Cameretti, L.Delia Ragione, M.Rapone. Istituto Motori, CNR, Napoli M.Ruini, N.Striccoli, ATAF, Firenze - Italy 549

8 XIII "Application of Statistical Techniques for Rejection Reduction due to Leakage in Multipoint Injectors" D.Bevilacqua, Weber, Bari - Italy. G.Morra, Dipartimento Sistemi Elettronici S.Pao/as/n/Dipartimento Processi e Materiali, Centro Ricerche Fiat, Orbassano, Torino - Italy 557 "The Analysis of Failure Processes for Complex Repairable Systems: a Bayesian Approach" R.Calabria, M.Guida, G.Pulcini, Istituto Motori, CNR, Napoli- Italy 563 "Parameter Design of Thermal Barrier Coatings for Internal Combustion Engine Components" S.Appiano, S.Piano, Dipartimento Processi e Materiali, Centro Ricerche Fiat, Torino- Italy 571 Diagnostic Techniques of Combustion and Emissions Session 8 "Soot Particle Detection and Characterization in a Diffusion Flame" B.lneichen, B.Mandel, Steiner, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institut fur Energietechnik Zurich - Switzerland 575 "Diesel Combustion Study by Two Colour Pyrometry" R.Donde, F.Calderini, Istituto per Ricerche sulla Propulsione e sull'energetica, CNR, Milano - Italy 5g5 "Development of a Multi-wavelength Lidar for Remote Sensing of Soot Particles" A.Borghese, Istituto Motori, CNR, Napoli - Italy 593 "A Study of Pulsed Jet Combustion" R.Tamai, Istituto Motori, CNR, Napoli - Italy I.Shepherd, R.K.Cheng, A.K.Oppenheim, University of California, Berkeley - USA 599 "Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Combustion by Laser- Induced Fluorescence" F.Cignoli, S.Benecchi, G.Zizak, CNPM - CNR, Milano - Italy 607 "On a Theoretical Model of the Diesel Smoke Opacity" R. Cipollone, Dipartimento di Energetica, Univ. di Aquila, I'Aquila - Italy 613