亞 洲 地 區 積 極 搶 客 : 澳 門 日 本 韓 國 紛 紛 推 出 割 價 優 惠 及 免 稅 等 搶 客, 香 港 暫 未 有 相 關 措 施

Transcription

1 331 期 參 考 答 案 時 事 一 1. 香 港 旅 遊 業 面 臨 的 挑 戰 如 : 亞 洲 地 區 積 極 搶 客 : 澳 門 日 本 韓 國 紛 紛 推 出 割 價 優 惠 及 免 稅 等 搶 客, 香 港 暫 未 有 相 關 措 施 各 行 各 業 調 整 失 色 : 香 港 的 零 售 氣 氛 轉 弱, 調 整 期 恐 剛 剛 開 始, 不 少 商 店 及 小 店 結 業 屢 見 不 鮮, 而 且 市 場 出 現 大 公 司 壟 斷, 致 欠 特 色 旅 業 新 點 子 不 足 : 澳 門 之 $588 四 次 自 助 餐 日 本 的 手 工 膠 紙 展 都 是 旅 遊 新 點 子, 令 人 眼 前 一 亮, 但 香 港 卻 甚 麼 都 没 有 內 地 客 大 減 : 隨 著 中 港 矛 盾 內 地 打 貪 經 濟 不 景, 肯 花 錢 的 內 地 客 愈 來 愈 少, 令 香 港 旅 遊 業 界 的 相 關 行 業 大 受 衝 擊 2. 支 持 顯 然 內 地 高 消 費 的 過 夜 旅 客 銳 減, 究 其 原 因 跟 內 地 經 濟 下 滑 打 貪 政 策 有 關, 所 以 為 在 本 地 市 道 低 微 的 情 況, 扭 轉 旅 遊 經 濟, 還 需 重 新 關 注 國 際 市 場, 吸 引 高 消 費 力 的 過 夜 旅 客 香 港 身 為 國 際 大 都 會, 不 論 旅 遊 配 套 服 務 及 品 位 也 比 澳 門 及 內 地 為 高 和 優 越, 所 以 有 條 件 重 新 關 注 國 際 市 場, 吸 引 高 消 費 力 的 過 夜 旅 客 不 支 持 隨 著 經 濟 全 球 化, 香 港 的 所 謂 國 際 市 場 已 欠 特 色, 尤 其 高 端 消 費 市 場 酒 店 零 售 與 多 國 看 齊, 即 使 尚 未 設 消 售 稅 成 為 賣 點, 網 購 鋪 天 蓋 地, 高 端 零 售 已 不 再 吸 引 其 實, 過 去 十 年 香 港 旅 遊 一 直 吸 引 內 地 高 消 費 力 的 過 夜 客, 以 致 市 場 發 展 傾 斜, 如 一 街 金 藥 房 貴 價 食 肆, 扭 曲 市 場 失 魅 力 之 餘, 影 響 民 生 及 本 土 消 費 市 場 旅 遊 應 多 元 發 展 以 應 付 不 同 旅 客 的 需 要, 才 能 可 持 續 發 展 另, 多 國 旅 客 的 旅 遊 方 式, 未 必 如 內 地 人 愛 高 消 費, 反 之 生 態 遊 文 化 之 旅 美 食 探 索 等 可 認 識 一 地 的 地 貌 歷 史 文 化 人 情 的 更 有 特 色, 所 以 如 重 新 關 注 國 際 市 場, 亦 不 宜 只 吸 引 高 消 費 力 的 過 夜 旅 客, 而 是 吸 引 各 類 遊 客, 並 增 加 旅 遊

2 魅 力 吸 客 時 事 二 1. 根 據 資 料, 你 認 為 政 府 為 何 只 推 行 燈 光 約 章, 而 非 直 接 立 法? 試 驗 立 法 的 可 行 性 : 由 於 燈 光 約 章 的 條 文 與 立 法 的 內 容 相 同, 也 是 規 範 商 戶 在 晚 上 11 時 至 早 上 7 時 關 燈, 因 此, 政 府 是 想 讓 商 戶 自 願 性 地 簽 署 約 章, 試 驗 其 反 應 實 行 成 效 民 間 回 響, 才 再 作 立 法 的 決 定, 強 制 性 要 求 所 有 商 戶 熄 燈 商 戶 的 反 對 : 雖 然 現 有 逾 4000 間 商 戶 響 應, 但 實 際 上, 光 污 染 黑 點 範 圍 內 的 一 些 大 商 戶 如 國 際 名 牌 店 銅 鑼 灣 蘋 果 旗 艦 店 FOREVER 21 等, 都 未 有 簽 署 約 章, 因 與 其 宣 傳 策 略 產 生 衝 突, 引 起 一 些 國 際 牌 子 的 反 彈 因 此, 政 府 未 敢 一 次 性 直 接 立 法, 避 免 遭 到 大 量 名 店 的 反 對 2. 討 論 商 舖 業 主 及 住 宅 業 主 在 立 法 管 制 光 源 上 的 利 益 衝 突 商 業 考 慮 VS 生 活 素 質 : 對 商 戶 而 言, 在 晚 上 長 開 燈 光, 是 一 種 宣 傳 策 略, 有 助 美 化 名 店 的 門 外 的 櫥 窗, 使 之 看 起 來 更 吸 引, 以 維 持 牌 子 的 商 譽 奢 華 的 形 象 然 而, 對 住 宅 業 主 而 言, 居 住 在 光 源 附 近, 會 影 響 睡 眠 質 素, 甚 至 因 眩 光 而 導 致 失 眠, 或 情 緒 波 動 旅 遊 業 利 益 VS 本 土 居 住 素 質 : 香 港 一 直 有 東 方 之 珠 的 外 號, 就 是 因 其 不 夜 城 的 稱 號, 有 些 商 店 在 11 時 後 也 會 開 門 ; 而 五 光 十 色 萬 家 燈 光, 也 是 其 標 誌, 是 旅 遊 業 的 一 大 優 勢, 吸 引 外 資 旅 客 的 條 件 然 而, 對 本 土 居 民 而 言, 最 重 要 的 是 居 住 的 舒 適 度, 例 如 深 夜 後 盡 早 休 息, 又 或 避 免 燈 光 刺 激 而 對 眼 睛 構 成 傷 害, 管 制 光 源 遂 成 安 居 樂 業 的 條 件 時 事 三 1. 中 國 威 脅 論 : 隨 著 中 國 迅 速 發 展, 其 周 邊 國 家 的 利 益 和 國 際 秩 序 備 受 挑 戰, 威 脅 包 括 經 濟 軍 事 糧 食 人 口 以 至 太 空 等 領 域 有 論 者 指 中 國 專 政 體 制 是 產 生 威 脅 論 的 主 因 中 國 官 方 則 認 為 威 脅 論 源 於 後 冷 戰 時 代 西 方 國 家 用 以 壓 制 中 國 發 展 的 說 法 南 海 問 題 牽 涉 中 國 威 脅 論 :

3 中 華 人 民 共 和 國 自 1971 年 加 入 聯 合 國, 與 諸 國 外 交 關 係 初 步 建 立 自 1979 年 改 革 開 放 後 經 濟 重 新 崛 起, 成 為 國 際 上 具 有 影 響 力 的 重 要 大 國, 同 時 中 國 政 府 大 量 擴 充 軍 備, 特 別 在 於 海 軍 空 軍 在 東 海 及 南 海 的 聯 合 近 海 防 禦 作 戰 能 力 近 年 中 方 著 力 發 展 南 海 軍 事, 擁 有 隨 時 對 南 海 沿 岸 國 家 發 動 攻 擊 的 能 力, 因 此 對 與 中 國 有 主 權 爭 議 領 土 的 國 家, 特 別 是 越 南 菲 律 賓 等 造 成 安 全 上 的 威 脅, 因 而 對 中 國 崛 起 產 生 憂 慮 與 質 疑, 即 中 國 威 脅 論 2. 中 方 在 南 沙 群 島 發 展 軍 事 之 利 宣 示 南 海 主 權 : 在 領 土 與 周 邊 海 域 的 主 權 問 題 上, 中 國 採 取 積 極 守 住 家 門 的 策 略, 明 確 地 宣 示 主 權, 以 回 應 日 本 菲 律 賓 越 南 的 挑 釁 中 國 大 陸 如 今 以 發 展 南 沙 群 島 軍 事 力 量, 對 南 海 主 權 所 表 達 的 立 場 和 說 詞 都 盡 量 清 楚 明 確, 不 讓 外 界 有 模 糊 暗 示 或 需 要 臆 測 的 想 像 空 間 霸 佔 東 南 亞 海 運 要 道 : 南 沙 群 島 分 佈 於 南 海 的 中 心 部 位, 居 於 十 分 重 要 的 地 理 位 置, 在 其 發 展 軍 事, 能 監 察 東 南 亞 海 空 航 運 的 情 況, 扼 印 度 洋 航 運 的 咽 喉 獨 佔 南 海 海 洋 資 源 : 此 外, 於 南 沙 群 島 設 有 軍 事 武 器, 使 鄰 國 船 隻 難 以 自 由 進 出 南 海, 變 相 中 國 能 獨 佔 南 海 豐 富 的 海 洋 水 產 礦 產 資 源 和 石 油 天 然 氣 資 源 中 方 在 南 沙 群 島 發 展 軍 事 之 害 國 家 經 濟 或 受 損 : 中 國 肆 意 在 南 沙 群 島 發 展 軍 事, 態 度 強 硬, 表 明 其 發 展 的 野 心, 令 中 國 威 脅 論 的 猜 疑 有 增 無 減 ; 而 在 經 濟 全 球 化 下, 不 良 的 國 際 關 係, 長 遠 使 中 國 的 進 出 口 貿 易 受 限, 影 響 國 家 經 濟 發 展 引 來 多 國 結 盟 攻 防 : 東 盟 國 家 加 強 了 軍 事 交 往 和 合 作, 頻 繁 舉 行 針 對 南 沙 問 題 的 聯 合 演 習, 在 南 沙 問 題 上 聯 合 對 抗 中 國 意 圖 日 趨 明 顯 如 : 越 南 戰 機 飛 越 南 威 島 菲 律 賓 重 啟 中 業 島 工 程 等 挑 釁 中 國 的 行 為, 令 南 海 的 和 平 受 到 破 壞

4 Worksheet (a) Interpret the government s view regarding the housing problem in Source A with reference to Source B. (4 marks) Suggested Marking Guidelines Marks The candidate: identifies correctly the message of the cartoon, e.g. the 3-4 government would like to develop the country park into sites for building houses as the housing problem is serious (reason but NOT result) explains clearly and in detail the message with full use of the cartoon and Source B, e.g. the cartoon shows the fire is so huge that it symbolized the seriousness of housing problem in Hong Kong. It was supported by Source B1 that the house price and the number of application for public housing were increasing. It indicated that people were not able to buy a flat and the demand for housing was larger than supply. The government is eager to cut the tree i.e. to develop country park to solve the housing problem. Source B2 showed that only 7% of land is residential land while 40% of land in Hong Kong are country parks which is more than other land uses. It is reasonable to develop the country park as a means to alleviate housing problems in Hong Kong identifies the message of the cartoon 1-2 attempts to explain the message of the cartoon but is not able to relate the understanding of Source B to a plausible interpretation of the cartoon makes no attempt to answer the question 0 gives an answer which is not relevant to the question Sample script The government wants to develop the country parks in HK to build residential housing to alleviate the housing problem. In Source A, there is a pot with fierce fire while the pot is indicating the word Housing problem. It implies that the housing are of pressing need and it will be

5 a trouble or danger if we do not solve it. Source B1 supports this opinion. In Source B1, the housing price increases form 13.5 in 2012 to 17 in 2014 by an increase of 4 (multiple of median income). It implies that soaring price will make the low level of middle class be withdrawn from buying a flat so that they don t have their own flats. Source B1 also shows that the number of application for public housing is increasing from 199,000 in 2012 to 282,000 in 2015 (increase of 83,000). It implies that the demand for public housing is very large and the current supply of public flats is not enough to fulfill the soaring need. As a result, we can conclude that there is a shortage in public housing so as housing problem. Source B2 also supports the view by showing the land distribution. In Source B2, 40% of the land is country park which is 5.7 times the land of that for residential housing. As a result, the government would think of building more public housing to meet the need at the expenses of country park. Comment: Comprehensive interpretation of cartoon Discussion very well supported by clues comprehensively Though the discussion of source B2 could be given more details (b) With reference to Source C, identify and explain three concerns that may arise from the government s view regarding the housing problem reflected in Source A. (6 marks) Suggested Marking Guidelines Marks The candidate: clearly identifies and explains in detail three concerns that may arise from the development of country parks into sites for housing with reference to Source C; shows an in-depth understanding and an appropriate application of the relevant knowledge and concepts (e.g. biodiversity, cost-effectiveness); highlights the negative impacts of developing country parks (destruction / reduction harm/ worry / weaken / worsen etc.); may draw upon some the points below or any other appropriate alternatives, e.g.: 5-6 biodiversity / balance of ecosystem tourism development / economic development cost-effectiveness quality of life in terms of recreational need / relaxation and

6 enjoyment draws appropriately on the sources to provide a clear explanation of the relationship between the facts about country parks and the concerns provides a well-structured, clear and in-depth elaboration identifies and explains the three concerns with reference to the sources and with the application of relevant knowledge and concepts, but the analysis might lack detail in parts/tends to focus on certain perspectives; or may not generalize the concerns; or identifies clearly two concerns and explains fully with reference to the source makes use of some points of relevance in the source, but not comprehensively provides a well-structured elaboration, though it might lack clarity/ detail in parts identifies and attempts to elaborate on one concern, but the explanation is partial; attempts to describe briefly some problems related to quality of life vaguely or may not be relevant; identifies some global concerns but makes no attempt to explain with reference to the sources uses the sources in a limited manner or sometimes inappropriately gives a superficial answer with little organization/without focus; expresses his/her ideas vaguely fails to identify any concerns/makes no attempt to answer the question gives an answer which is not relevant to the question Sample script The first concern is the harm to tourism industry in HK. Source A indicates the development of country parks into public housing. However, according to Source C, it states that these country parks attracted more than 130 million visitors every year and it is the reason why HK is ranked the first in the Best cities to live in the world The former indicates that country park is a tourist attraction which attract many tourists to come to HK for leisure and consumption. The later indicates that HK has a good international reputation because of the country parks and this also impresses the foreigners and makes them visit HK. If the government carries out such practice, the area of country

7 park in HK will be reduced. It therefore reduces the attraction of HK regarding its natural scene and environment. Less tourists will hence visit HK due to this reason. With less tourists, the tourism in HK will be impaired so as the revenue of the tourism sector. The second concern is the loss of biodiversity. Source B shows that HK country parks land is the habitat for over 50 types of mammals which is more than most of the cities in the world. It implies that HK people can enjoy biodiversity and connect with a wide range of animals. However, with such a practice, the land for mammals to survive will be reduced and they might even lose their lives due to it. As a result, less types of animals will be presence in HK which will harm the biodiversity. People can no longer have the chance to interact with so many animals in country parks with the loss of natural environment. The third concern is declining Quality of Life that may arise from the government s view regarding the housing problem. As reflected from Source C, HK trail was selected to be one of the best city trails in the world and the best in Asia. Also, country parks locating close to the urban areas is one of the reasons why HK ranked first in the Best City to live in the world It means that the country parks is an essence of good quality of life. Not only for eyesight enjoyment and enhances spiritual life, but also provides recreational activities like hiking, camping which let busy HK people relax in order to have a better quality of life. If the government insists to cut the proportion of country park in HK, the quality of life of HK people is believed to decline due to the loss of recreational activities and eyesight enjoyment that weaken the spiritual life. Comment: Three concerns identified with very detailed elaboration (c) Development of country park land into sites for housing could enhance the quality of life of Hong Kong citizens. To what extent do you agree with this view? Explain your answer with reference to the sources and your own knowledge. (8 marks) Suggested Marking Guidelines Marks The candidate: presents his/her stance clearly and consistently 7-8 justifies clearly and logically to what he/she agrees with the development of country parks into sites for housing to improve the quality of life of Hong Kong citizens; with reference to the information provided and his/her own knowledge and concepts

8 (e.g. biodiversity, urgency) in view of Hong Kong s current situation; formulates his/her arguments on the basis of a detailed and critical evaluation of pros and cons e.g. alleviation of housing problems (economic burden / better living condition) [social aspect] environmental impacts (enjoyment of natural scenery / biodiversity) [environmental aspect] enjoyment of leisure activities in the country parks economic impact (less attractive to tourists less income from tourism / cost-effectiveness) [economic aspect] relative importance in affecting the quality of life as compare with other methods e.g. reclamation, urban renewal be able to explain the answer with multiple-perspective thinking by considering the views of two sides provides an in-depth, precise, well-structured and well justified answer with relevant use of examples and facts points out and explains the arguments supporting the stance, but not very clear and accurate attempts to present multi-perspective thinking by considering views of the two sides but the discussion is rather shallow provides a reasonably in-depth and fairly structured answer with relevant use of examples and facts exhibits an ambiguous stance tries to point out and explain the argument supporting the stance, but may not be accurate presents the view of one side only provides a moderately in-depth and fairly structured answer with attempts to use examples and facts but may not be all relevant explain the answer without clear stance attempts to explain but just stating a few simple and not quite coherent arguments presents the view of one side only provide a rather shallow discussion which contains loosely structures and superficial argument with no attempts to use examples and facts fails to describe any figures / makes no attempt to answer the question gives an answer which is not relevant to the question

9 Sample script To a large extent, I disagree with this view. Development of country park land into sites for housing would not enhance the quality of life (QOL) of HK citizens. First, the quality of life of HK people will be worsen in economic aspect. According to Source C, the country parks in HK attracted more than 130 million visitors every year which is a great amount. The tourism is one of economic pillar in HK. If developing country park land into sites for housing, it will not be able to attract visitors to visit HK. When foreigners visit HK, we promote the development of retail industry, hotel industry and even aviation industry. As they shop in HK, they provide job opportunities to the service sector. It will also increase the income of HK people. Thus the quality of life of HK people is enhanced as they earn more to have better livelihood. However, if cutting down the country park land, the number of local and foreign visitors to HK will drop significantly. When the service sector does not need such large amount of workers, they may reduce the number of employees. When people lost their job, they have no incomes. Hence, the QOL must decline. Second, the practice harms the natural environment of HK so as their QOL. In Source B, it stated that there are over 50 types of mammals living in HK. It means that HK people can enjoy biodiversity and good natural environment. In fact, HK is a crowded city where people have very little chance to spend their time with green environment. Hence, many people spend their leisure time in country park by hiking, cycling and so on to enjoy the natural environment. However, if the government carries out such a practice, with the reduction of country parks area, the natural environment is being destroyed and we cannot enjoy the scene or play in these natural country parks. As a result, we cannot relieve ourselves by enjoying the leisure time in country parks. Our QOL will hence be harmed. Third, there are at least two other better alternatives than developing country parks. They are urban renewal and reclamation. For example, revitalization of factories in Kwun Tong, Kwai Tsing and Wan Chai. Urban renewal or revitalization can undergo modernization of old buildings which can increase the land supply without harming the environment. Also, it saves costs in building infrastructure and facilities for developing country parks. Even for reclamation, there would be less conflicts among different stakeholders. Also, the construction process would be faster. Therefore, it is not necessarily to develop country parks into housing site. Some may say that housing problem is urgent and should be solved. According

10 to Source D, Gordon Wu, the vice-president of REDA states that with the acute housing problem, maintaining the current ratio (6:4) of country park was impractical and stupid. The portion of country park land can solve insufficient land supply. It would then enhance the QOL of HK citizens. However, most HK people are under high pressure. Development of country parks would reduce the area for the public to release pressure. Hence, the QOL in terms of mental (spiritual) aspect would not be maintained. Some may also say that increasing number of residential housing can improve HK people mental health. It is because they don t need to live in sub-divided house and have more living area. This would improve their mental health because they will not have a crowded areas with others. For example, sharing the kitchen and toilet with others. They will have a happier life. However, although they have more area in housing, there are lack of places to relax or have family gathering. For poor family, they may need to stay in their home during weekend because there is not many natural environment for them to enjoy. In long run, it deteriorates HK people mental health as they need to stay at home for a long time. Comment: The arguments and counter-arguments well explained, with strong awareness to the impacts on QOL Able to show the impacts on QOL in different perspectives