SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATORS AND APPLICATIONS - OVERVIEW. HOLOEYE Photonics AG

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2 SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATORS AND APPLICATIONS - OVERVIEW HOLOEYE Photonics AG

3 CONTENT Introduction Comments on driving forces for SLM development SLM-Technologies Requirements for micro-displays in Technical Optics Applications Comments on actual developments in micro-display industry

4 HOLOEYE Core Technologies Products and services related to diffractive micro-optics R&D in the field of diffractive optics Active Spatial Light Modulators a[slm] Micro-display technologies for technical optics HOLOEYE Photonics AG HOLOEYE Corporation Albert-Einstein-Strasse 14 Berlin, 12489, Germany Verdugo Dr., Suite 114 Laguna Hills, CA Phone/ Fax: +49 (0) / Phone/ Fax: (949) /

5 COMPANY STRUCTURE DOE SERVICES a[slm] Micro-Display - OEM Director Director Director Andreas Hermerschmidt Sven Krüger Ulli Hendricks Delivers the complete supply-chain Design, mastering and replication in various materials and quantities Various types of a[slm]: LC2002, LC-R 2500, LC-R 768, LCR 720, LC-R 1080 Current Focus: R&D and SME Focused on R&D customers; large array of applications Future Focus: Large Companies OEM Strong communication between HOLOEYE and these customers enables transfer of IP for future product developments Strategic Partnership with BRILLIAN Corp., AZ Supplies Brillian s Displays for all niche markets, ranging from medical to commercial to defense applications Strategic Partnership with BALLISTA, Inc., CA additional offer of complete onestop-solutions (displays, electronics, complete opticalengines)

6 Comments on driving forces for SLM development Actual SLM-systems are either MEMS-based or LCD based Most micro-lcd developments are driven by consumer electronics industry for RPTV and front projectors Also MEMS-technologies such as DLP or GLV are driven by consumer electronics industry TI 3Panel DLP-Developer Kit Some industrial applications forced optical MEMS development for scanning, printing technologies and also for automotive applications The only R&D related driving force for new SLM-technologies is the defense industry

7 SLM Technologies - MEMS Recent developments in Lithography are basis for MEMS Phase modulators based on 2D piston-like mirror arrays or ribbon-like 1D gratings show high performance especially in frame rate Availability is limited because of either internal developments or developments under defense projects Technically the major advantages of MEMS is frame rate, spectral range and the use of non-polarized light (efficiency) INO micro-mirror array Compared to LCoS technology DLP is simply the more mature technology Lucent Technologies MARSModulator Grating Light Valve (GLV) by Silicon Light Machines

8 SLM Technologies MEMS ans LCDs MEMS are all around Phase modulators and other optical implementations are niche markets for MEMS industry Customized MEMS development is still quite challenging and expensive so it was for LCDs LCDs still have an advantage out of their driving force (RPTV market) in terms of resolution and minimal pixel size for 2D displays Analog Devices' ADXL50 accelerometer Some application require a polarization modulated wave field, best to be achieved with LCoS Pressure Sensor

9 SLM - Spatial Light Modulators based on LC-displays A New Generation of Optical Components: Amplitude and phase modulation due to polarization rotation and/ or controlled birefringence Modulation with a high Space-Bandwidth-Product (Pixel Number Pixel Pitch Dynamic Range) Numerous applications as adaptive/addressable optical components Addressing frame rate in video frequencies (60 72 Hz) up to khzframe rates for FLC-Systems High light efficiency with reflective LCoSTM displays in all applications

10 Applications for Projection and Phase Modulation Projection Printer applications (Imaging, 3D) Optical Metrology and Fringe Projection Special projection applications (Simulation, Lithography) Phase Modulation Telecommunication (WDM, optical interconnection, switching) Holographic security systems SLMs for R&D Rapid DOE prototyping HUDs and HMDs in airborne and defense industries Dynamic calibration HUDs for automotive applications Bio-Photonics applications (micro-displays in microscopy) SLMs for R&D High resolution NTE applications (viewer) Wave front generation Digital Holography, dynamic diffractive optics

11 SLM Applications HOLOEYE s SLM technology has now been utilized by over 150 companies, universities, and research institutes around the world. Applications include: - Bio-Photonics - Optical Metrology - Holography (Display holography, holographic memory, holographic recording and security systems, including digital holography) - Beam splitting and beam shaping - Optical interconnection such as switching and information encoding - Interferometry - Material processing

12 FISBA - wave front control in interferometers

13 FISBA - Wave front control in interferometers

14 Applications Wave front correction PC H.-S. Application Laser 543nm SLM Set-up closed loop wave-front control

15 Test of closed loop wave front control Open loop wave front SLM Phase Distribution W[wavelength] Closed loop wave front y[mm] x [mm] 0/ Features W[wavelength] Peak valley ~ 0.25λ 3.15 Bandwidth ~ 0.1Hz y[mm] x [mm] 15 Legendre Modes corrected 0/0

16 Applications - Tweezer More than 100 groups working in this field: Implementation of static and dynamic diffractive optics (SLMs) Already some companies and products are built around Still only a research topic Companies like Hamamatsu, BNS, CRL-Opto and HoloEye provided systems for the R&D groups. Photoporation and sell transfecting by use of a SLM at 405 nm K. Dholakia, Univ. St. Andrews

17 Application Pulse shaping

18 Application Pulse shaping Grating two-color pump-probe SLM Double stripe image is used in case of two optical pulses with different frequency Polariser Slit The width of the stripes was always taken small, i.e. not more than 5 pix, which is comparable with the resolution of the minispectrometer used to disperse the light. The reason is the following to achieve the spectral shape close to Gaussian - without varying the grey scale inside the stripe.

19 Intensity (arb. units) Properties of the Single Pulse Produced by One Stripe Image (1pix) Modifed Full laser spectral distribution 1.2 FWHM Full Modified Energy (ev) auto-correlation function 0.8 contrast 14.8 mev 1.1 mev 2.45 FWHM Full Modified ps 4.07 ps time (ps) 2 4

20 Applications Dynamic Calibration of opto-electronic sensors HOLOEYE has developed a technique for calibrating optical sensor systems through the use of active spatial light modulators and/or diffractive optical elements. Spatial calibration of optical sensors considers: Spherical and chromatic aberration of the optical system Diffraction grating Orientation of optics and sensor with respect to the optical axis Inner-Orientation (i.e. The orientation of the optics relative to the sensor)

21 The Solution Instead of imaging a calibrated range HOLOEYE is using diffractive optics to generate reference beams of high angular accuracy to derive the aberrations and subsequently, generate a digital look-up table.

22 Camera Systems The types of cameras that require spatial calibration are numerous: Satellite imaging systems; High-resolution cameras for 1D and 2D cartographic mapping; Industrial machine vision systems; IR and thermal imaging systems; and even Low-Cost commercial CCD-based digital cameras, where the optimization of the imaging capabilities is important due to the use of low-cost optics. Forest Fire Camera

23 Advantages Complete field of view calibration with one capture Geometrical pattern position independent from DOE position Translation invariant in x,y Measuring of chromatic aberration using different wavelengths Dynamic approach using SLM technology increases application field Compact, mobile, low-cost solution Image taken with an Olympus E1 camera. The CCD sensor looks through the DOE onto the pin hole.

24 Implementation The implementation of this technology products and services: Calibration systems (alignment of components) in high-performance camera manufacturing Implemented (i.e. inflight) calibration systems Calibration services - mobile calibration systems Development potential of the products and services Combination of static DOE and a SLM technology 2D and 1D sensors Calibration of Zoom lenses due to 3D calibration patterns CCD sensors, thermal sensors (i.e. pyro-electric sensors) Complex optical components (e.g. optical engines)

25 Holographic Mastering Micro-Display technology has found numerous applications in the printing industry (film exposure, photo prints, projection systems) as well as in lithography. Dynamic, high-resolution, micro-display based holographic mastering systems were developed to service the Holographic Security industry. Products and Services: Transaction Cards Bank Notes and Documents of Value Product Authentication Identification Documents Security Packaging Commercial Holography One challenge currently being undertaken is the development of a dynamic, high-resolution holographic encoding system for individual data in passports.

26 Application Holography, Lithography Optical Data Storage in Azobenzene Polyesters Polymer film is initially isotropic After irradiation with polarized light, azobenzene aligns perpendicular to polarization This causes a change in refractive index which is locked into position due to polymer chains Heat or circularly polarized light causes random reorientation, erasing the stored information

27 Application Holography, Lithography Isotropic photopolymer Polarized illumination Patterned, anisotropic photopolymer (refractive index changed) Polymers are photosensitive between 400 nm and 550 nm; High diffraction efficiency (>50%); High resolution (>5000 lines/mm), Long storage life (>12 years for aliphatic systems), Erasable and rewritable; Fast response time (<100 ps)

28 Application Holography, Lithography Holographic Memory Card HMC Read/Write unit HMC Read-Only unit

29 Application Holography, Lithography Micro-display technology is used for holographic mastering for object, or object sequence representation but also to code the object wave in a phase representation. Resolution of sub-micron has been achieved. The combination of SLMs and photolithography set-ups is currently an issue, where modulators are used as addressable amplitude or phase mask or as diffraction grating to expose the photo resist with dynamic diffraction patterns.

30 Application Laser Material Processing SLM as design tool and in rapid prototyping: High damaging threshold (~50 mj/cm²) Implementation as test device for beam shaping tasks SLMs as tool for the design and implementation Implementations as dynamic mask and dynamic diffraction grating

31 SLM - Spatial Light Modulators LC x 600 pixel, 32µm, 8 Bit, 60 Hz, VGA LC-R x 1200 pixel, 8.1µm, 8 Bit, 60 Hz, DVI LC-R x 768 pixel, 19µm, 8 Bit, 75 Hz, DVI LC-R x 768 pixel, 12µm, 8 Bit, 60 Hz, DVI LC-R x 768 pixel, 20µm, 8 Bit, 60 Hz, DVI

32 HOLOEYE Microdisplay Systems Development of micro-display based Spatial Light Modulator systems commercial systems LC 2002 based on 1,3 SVGA display LC-R 3000 based on 0,85 WUXGA LCoS display LC-R 2500 based on 0,97 XGA LCoS display LC-R 768 based on 0,7 WXGA LCoS display LC-R 720 based on 1,18 WXGA LCoS display LC-R 1080 based on a 0, x1200 display - 8,1 µm

33 Micro-display Industry How to bring Micro-display technology into new Applications? Manufacturers are mainly focused on the consumer electronics market Technology is specified for consumer electronics applications Manufacturers have no resources for characterizing their products for other applications There is no implementation assistance There is no hardware of the latest micro-display technology available HOLOEYE wants to fill this gap! We offer implementation assistance We can offer development of customized LC displays based on the latest micro-display backplane technology available

34 MICRODISPLAY SERVICES OEM Primary Focus: Transfer of micro-display technologies into the field of technical optics; applications ranging from medical, commercial, defense, and others Strong cooperation with BRILLIAN, Corp., AZ (Sales and Technical Assistance) Strong cooperation with BALLISTA, Inc., CA (Enables complete solutions by access to optical engines) Constantly evaluating new applications for future products

35 MICRODISPLAY SERVICES OEM Customer Display Requirements Display technologies (transmissive, reflective) LC-mode (ferroelectric, twisted nematic, VAN) Resolution Pixel size (pitch) Geometrical dimensions

36 MICRODISPLAY SERVICES OEM Customer Electronics Requirements Signal sources (Video, VGA, DVI, etc.) Frame rates (display technology related) Light source Geometrical dimensions

37 MICRODISPLAY SERVICES OEM Standard Products Translucent OEM 8 Bit DVI-Input system for: 0.9 XGA display, 1.8 XGA display 12 Bit DVI-Input systems for: 0.9 XGA display, 1.8 XGA display Reflective OEM Philips DD720 Brillian 768 (Cholla board) Brillian BR1080HC (1920x1080) Brillian NTE BR86 (color sequential)

38 Phase Modulator based on 1920x micron pitch backplane We do have a project for a HDTV phase modulator able to realize clearly 2 π phase shift in the visible an d near IR Send me you wish-list for such a device!