Energy and raw materials from wastewater

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1 Energy and raw materials from wastewater STREAM 2 nd Summer School Henry van Veldhuizen, Strategic Advisor Watercycle Rome, September 24 th 2012

2 Contents Dutch Water boards Theory Future STP Energy Factory Resource Factory Examples from Holland Conclusions

3 Water board Vallei & Eem Amsterdam Waterschap Vallei & Eem ha inhabitants 8 STP s with p.e.

4 Per Waterschap Vallei & Veluwe ha inhabitants 16 STP s with p.e. Vallei en Veluwe

5 (international) cooperation innovation! knowledge sharing Energy Waste water Ambition Clean Water Sludge Sand Nutrients Paper fibres Fuel, bioplastics, metals

6 How reducing energy? Reduction of energy consumption and CO 2 emission by: More energy production from sewage Decoupling Carbon and Nitrogen removal More biogas production Higher efficiency (CHP, ORC, fuel cell) Less energy consumption in the treatment process Aeration, anammox Useful application of excess heat Sludge drying, heating households Gaining heat from wastewater

7 Energy factory Total primary energy use NL estimates % = 3348 PJ Electricity 20% Heat < 100 C 25% Feedstock 21% Mobility 15% Source: CBS,2007; Ecofys duurzame warmte & koude, 2007 Heat > 100 C 19%

8 Energy factory Operationeel 100% Afkoppelen van verhardingen 25% Minder drinkw ater gebruik Thermisch Chemisch Warm w ater bij huishoudens Bestaande situatie op RWZI Basisvariant energiefabriek Plusvariant energiefabriek Opt. plusvariant energie fabriek Nieuw e sanitatie netto energiegebruik potentiele opbrengst of besparing Energiegebruik in kwh per huishouden/jaar

9 Dutch Initiatives WWTP as Energy factory (> 12 dutch wwtp s) Energy agreement (State Waterboards) 30% energy reduction Climate agreement (State Waterboards) + 30% CO2 reduction Next step: WWTP as Resource factory

10 Dutch Initiatives 2009: Energy factory, WWTP Energy Neutral 2010: Climate agreement (State Waterboards) 2020: 30% CO2 reduction 2020: 30% improvement energy efficiency 2020: 40% self sufficient 2050: energy neutral Research on recycle of raw materials 2012: WWTP as factory of raw materials

11 Examples WWTP Amersfoort: WWTP as Energy factory WWTP Apeldoorn and Amersfoort: Anammox /DEMON WWTP Apeldoorn: Heat delivery WWTP Epe: Nereda

12 Huidige situatie WWTP Amersfoort Capacity: p.e m3/h Effluent requirements: N = 10 mg/l, P = 0,2 mg/l

13 WWTP Amersfoort: Pretreatment Presettling Aeration Sec. clarifiers Sand filtration Gravity Thickener Sludge digestion Belt Thickener Surplus sludge Woudenberg Digested sludge Nijkerk en Soest centrifuges CHP Discharge to incineration

14 WWTP Amersfoort Current energy measures and results Biogas filtration 2010 with activated carbon Introduction bubble aeration 2011 results Existing Future Plans WWTP Amersfoort Research Sustainable WWTP Factory Amersfoort

15 kwh/y Introduction bubble aeration Biogas filtration with activated carbon total electricity consumption electricity generation by CHP electricity for aeration electricity purchase

16 Measures à Energy self sufficiency increased from 30% -55% 2012 De-ammonification rejection water (Anammox) 2013 Replacement CHP by high efficiency CHP à Expected Energy self sufficiency: > 60%

17 Research Sustainable WWTP Amersfoort Challenge: sustainable and cost efficient WWTP Approach: Organics to biogas, instead of aerobic sludge growth Centralisation of digestion i.c.w. application sludge disintegration Residual heat for sludge drying Phosphorus recovery

18 Scenario study Three variants on reference (existing plans) 1: Central: Central digestion (CG)+ TPH à cost saving à more energy 2: P-route: CG + TPH + bio-p + P-recovery à less chemicals à P-recovery 3: Drying: CG + TDH + Drying à cost saving à much more energy à large risk s in heat balance and costs

19 Comparison Scenario reference CD + TPH P- route Sludge Drying Self sufficiency (Amersfoort) Self sufficiency Electricity (region) 61% 85% 86% 150% 50% 63% 64% 104%

20 Comparison Scenario reference CD + TPH P-route Sludge Drying P-recovery 0 0 ~40% 0 Usage Chemicals (ton metal/y) Sludge dry weight 24% 29% 30% 90% Sludge volume 100% 79% 66% 34% Risc Profile hardly limited medium large

21 Comparison Scenario reference CD + TPH P-route Sludge Drying Investment (M ) 6,0 9,4 13,5 17,4 Operational costs (M ) 4,0 3,4 2,7 2,4 Yearly costs (M ) 4,6 4,3 4,1 4,1 Pay back time (y) 0 5,6 6,1 7,3

22 Thermal chain WWTP; future situation, same energy concept Quality Energy source Electricity GJ Conversion tech Proces 500 C Natural gas GJ Biogas GJ Sludge GJ 90% CHP THP GJ 100 C 10% Boiler SH GJ 50 C Digestion GJ 20 C Dig. sludge GJ Effluent GJ Legenda Heat (Bio)gas Mineral rec GJ Surplus heat* GJ Electricity

23 Conclusions Energy Factory The research project has gained a lot of knowledge exchange and innovation opportunities An energy neutral WWTP is possible with existing techniques and lower total costs Focussing on sustainability leads to new opportunities, but also an improved existing operation The heat balance becomes important by introduction of new energy techniques like TPH, ORC and sludge drying

24 Anammox Geschikt voor warme geconcentreerde stromen Circa 70% minder beluchting/energie Geen C-bron nodig Toegepast op rejectiewater Onderzoek naar toepassing op waterlijn (Dokhaven)

25 Inners: Innovative Energy Recovery Strategies: 11 European partners From 6 countries With one goal Making the water cycle sustainable through: Recovery of Energy Reuse of Energy Saving of Energy

26 Heat chain Apeldoorn

28 The Nereda Reactor Effluent Sludge flocs Granular sludge Wastewater luchtinblazing

30 Innovaties

32 Nereda Epe Waterboard as launching customer Cooperation with Delft University and DHV Together with 6 water boards Energy saving: 30% Cost saving: 30% Space saving: >50% Plaatje opening WA

33 Resource Factory Resource factory <naam> <presentatie> <datum>

34 Phosphorus is a finite raw material

35 Biomass is becoming scarce

36 Increasing prices

37 Ontwikkelingen From a linear economy oil based From Cradle to Grave

38 To a circular economy - biobased To Cradle2Cradle

39 Value levels

40 Wastewater: underground oil source Water, nutrients, biomass and energy become scarce in the 21e century. Wastewater contains all these resources Per year 2,000 billion litre of this 'bio-oil' through the sewers of the Netherlands. 350 WWTP s in NL have the potential to become resource factories of the future

41 Waste water as source for biobased economy Waste water treatment plants can produce clean water, energy, bioplastics, ethanol, cellulose and fertilizer

42 ton fosfaat per jaar

43 50% van jaarlijks Nederlands kunstmest gebruik

44 ton cellulose per year

45 3 billion plastic cups

46 Routekaart Arrangement industrieel gebied

47 Films resource factory

48 Call for participation Proposal for FP7 Deadline april 2013 Projects on recovery of raw materials Partners SME s

St. Petersburg, FL: Vehicle Use of Recycled Natural Gas Derived from Wastewater Biosolids

U.S Department of Energy - Biomass 2014 St. Petersburg, FL: Vehicle Use of Recycled Natural Gas Derived from Wastewater Biosolids William Eleazer, PE Project Design Manager John Willis, PE, BCEE Project