Pipelining: É Natural! Lavanderia Sequencial. The Big Picture: Where are We Now? Aula 06: Introdução ao Pipelining, Hazards Estruturais e Forwarding

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1 Th ig Pictu: Wh a W Now? Th Fiv Claic Compot of a Comput ula 06: Itodução ao Pipliig, Hazad Etutuai Fowadig Poco Iput Cotol oy path Output Pipliig: É Natual! Lavadia Squcial Mia-oit Lavadia 4 poa,, C poum 4 acola d oupa paa lava, ca doba Lava lva 30 miuto C T a f a C Tmpo Sca lva 40 miuto oba lva 20 miuto q Lavadia qucial lva 6 hoa paa tmia S l cohcm computação, quato tmpo lvaia?

2 T a f a q Lavadia com Pipliig: Iício da Tafa SP C Mia-oit Tmpo Lavadia com pipliig lva 3.5 hoa!!! T a f a q C Liçõ pdida Pipliig ão mlhoa a Tmpo latêcia d uma úica tafa, ma mlhoa o thoughput do tabalho todo Taxa d ição d tafa é limitada pla tafa mai lta Exitm múltipla tafa do xcutada m um dado itat SpdUp potcial = úmo d tágio Tmpo paa ch o pipli tmpo d do duzm o pdup Why Pipli? cau th ouc a th! Tim (clock cycl) Th Fiv Stag of Load Cycl 1 Cycl 2 Cycl 3 Cycl 4 Cycl 5 I t. O d It 0 It 1 It 2 It 3 It 4 Im m Im m Im m Im m Im m Load Iftch /c W Iftch: Ituctio Ftch Ftch th ituctio fom th Ituctio oy /c: it Ftch ad Ituctio cod : Calculat th mmoy add : Rad th data fom th oy W: Wit th data back to th git fil

3 Idal Pipliig Implmtação d Pipli IF C EX MEM W IF C EX MEM W IF C EX MEM W Tim Itução Lógica Comb. L T C H Lógica Comb. L T C H Lógica Comb. L T C H IF C EX MEM W IF C EX MEM W Clock Pogam Flow um ituctio a compltly idpdt! Sigl Cycl, Multipl Cycl, v. Pipli Idal Pipliig Sigl Cycl Implmtatio: Clk Cycl 1 Cycl 2 Load Sto Wat Multipl Cycl Implmtatio: Clk Cycl 1 Cycl 2 Cycl 3 Cycl 4 Cycl 5 Cycl 6 Cycl 7 Cycl 8 Cycl 9Cycl 10 Load Iftch W Pipli Implmtatio: Load Iftch W Sto Iftch W R-typ Iftch W Sto Iftch R-typ Iftch Exampl: 40 data path, 5 tag, Logt tag i 10, Spdup 4

4 Why Pipli? Equação d Spdup com Pipliig Suppo w xcut 100 ituctio Sigl Cycl Machi 45 /cycl x 1 CPI x 100 it = 4500 Multicycl Machi 10 /cycl x 4.6 CPI (du to it mix) x 100 it = 4600 Idal Piplid Machi 10 /cycl x (1 CPI x 100 it + 4 cycl dai) = 1040 Equação d Spdup com Pipliig path do LX Figua 3.1

5 path do LX com Pipli Viualização do Pipli Figua 3.4 codificação local paa uma itução m cada fa do pipli Figua 3.3 Rptação Equmática do Pipli iagama Equmático do Pipli Itução i IF I EX MEM W i+1 IF I EX MEM W i+2 IF I EX MEM W i+3 IF I EX MEM W i+4 IF I EX MEM W Ettato, pipli aida ão fucioa Lava oupa ou cotui cao é dift d aquittua!!! Itução Load IF I EX MEM W It. 1 IF I EX MEM W It. 2 IF I EX MEM W Stall It. 3 IF I EX MEM W Rptação altativa (pfívl) Itução Load IF I EX MEM W It. 1 IF I EX MEM W It. 2 IF I EX MEM W It. 3 - IF I EX MEM W

6 Exampl: MIPS (- MIPS) it-it Op R1 R2 Rd Opx it-immdiat Op R1 Rd immdiat path v Cotol path igal Cotoll ach Op R1 R2/Opx immdiat Cotol Poit Jump / Call Op tagt path: Stoag, FU, itcoct ufficit to pfom th did fuctio Iput a Cotol Poit Output a igal Cotoll: Stat machi to ochtat opatio o th data path ad o did fuctio ad igal ppoachig a IS Ituctio St chitctu fi t of opatio, ituctio fomat, hadwa uppotd data typ, amd toag, addig mod, qucig Maig of ach ituctio i dcibd by it Taf Laguag (RTL) o achitctd git ad mmoy Giv tchology cotait ambl adquat datapath chitctd toag mappd to actual toag Fuctioal uit to do all th quid opatio Poibl additioal toag (g. MR, MR, ) Itcoct to mov ifomatio amog g ad FU Map ach ituctio to quc of RTL tatmt Collat quc ito ymbolic cotoll tat taitio diagam (ST) Low ymbolic ST to cotol poit 5 Stp of MIPS path Figu.17, Pag -29 Nxt dd Ituctio Ftch 4 dd <= mm[]; <= + 4 oy It It. cod Ftch Nxt SEQ RS1 RS2 R Imm Sig Extd ut dd. Calc MUX MUX Zo? W [ d ] <= [ ] op op [ t ] oy MUX oy L M Wit ack MUX

7 5 Stp of MIPS path Figu.18, Pag -31 Nxt MUX dd Ituctio Ftch 4 dd oy <= mm[]; <= + 4 <= [ ]; <= [ t ] lt <= op op W <= lt [ d ] <= W IF/I It. cod Ftch Nxt SEQ RS1 RS2 Imm Sig Extd I/EX ut dd. Calc Nxt SEQ MUX MUX Zo? EX/MEM R R R oy oy MEM/W Wit ack MUX W It. St Poco Cotoll <= mm[]; Iftch <= + 4 <= [ ]; opftch-c JL JR <= [ t ] ST b jmp RR RI L if bop(,b) <= jadd <= op op <= op op im <= + im <= + im W <= W <= W <= [] [ d ] <= W [ d ] <= W [ d ] <= W 5 Stp of MIPS path Figu.18, Pag -31 Nxt MUX dd Ituctio Ftch 4 dd oy IF/I It. cod Ftch Nxt SEQ RS1 RS2 I/EX ut dd. Calc Nxt SEQ MUX MUX Zo? EX/MEM oy oy MEM/W Wit ack MUX Ca pipliig gt u ito toubl? Y: Pipli Hazad - Stuctual hazad - hazad - Cotol hazad Imm Sig Extd R R R W -tatioay cotol local dcod fo ach ituctio pha / pipli tag

8 Pipli Hazad Pipli Hazad Stuctual hazad attmpt to u th am ouc two difft way at th am tim -.g. combid wah/dy would b a tuctual hazad o fold buy doig omthig l (watchig TV) hazad attmpt to u itm bfo it i ady -.g., o ock of pai i dy ad o i wah; ca t fold util gt ock fom wah though dy - ituctio dpd o ult of pio ituctio till i th pipli Pipli Hazad Pipli Hazad Cotol hazad attmpt to mak a dciio bfo coditio i valuatd -.g., wahig football uifom ad d to gt pop dtgt lvl; d to aft dy bfo xt load i - bach ituctio Ca alway olv hazad by tallig th pipli Pipli cotol mut dtct th hazad Tak actio (o dlay actio) to olv hazad

9 Sigl oy i a Stuctual Hazad Stuctual Hazad: Poto d óia Úico I t. O d Load It 1 It 2 It 3 It 4 Tim (clock cycl) tctio i ay i thi ca! (ight half highlight ma ad, lft half wit) Figua 3.7 Stuctual Hazad limit pfomac Exampl: if 1.3 mmoy acc p ituctio ad oly o mmoy acc p cycl th avag CPI = 1.3 othwi ouc i mo tha 100% utilizd Exmplo Cotol Hazad: oi Poto d óia v. Poto Úico Máquia : oi poto d mmóia Máquia : Um poto d mmóia, ma a implmtação do pipli é 1.05 vz ápida do qu CPI Idal = 1 paa Load ocom com fq. d 40% SpdUp = Pipli pth/(1 + 0) x (clock upip /clock pip ) = Pipli pth SpdUp = Pipli pth/( x 1) x (clock upip /(clock upip / 1.05) = (Pipli pth/1.4) x 1.05 = 0.75 x Pipli pth SpdUp / SpdUp = Pipli pth/(0.75 x Pipli pth) = 1.33 Máquia é 1.33 vz mai ápida

10 Hazad o LX Tipo d Hazad Rad ft Wit (RW) Wit ft Rad (WR) Wit ft Wit (WW) Figua 3.9 Tipo d Hazad Tipo d Hazad It i pcd It j Rad ft Wit (RW) It j tta l opado at qu It i cva ultado It i pcd It j Wit ft Rad (WR) It j tta cv ultado at qu It i lia opado Não oco o pipli do LX poqu: Toda a ituçõ lvam 5 ciclo, Litua d opado ocom o tágio 2, Ecita d ultado oco o tágio 5

11 Tipo d Hazad Tipo d Hazad It i pcd It j Wit ft Wit (WW) It j tta cv ultado at qu It i cva ixa ultado ado Não oco o pipli do LX poqu : Toda a ituçõ lvam 5 ciclo, Ecita d ultado oco o tágio 5 WR WW apacão m vaiaçõ potio do LX It i pcd It j E Rad ft Rad (RR)??? It j tta l ultado at qu It i lia opado NÃO CUS PROLEM!!! Só xitm tê tipo: RW, WW, WR (plo mo uma cita tm qu xiti) Hazad o 1: Hazad o 1: pdci backwad i tim a hazad add 1,2,3 ub 4, 1,3 ad 6, 1,7 o 8, 1,9 xo 10, 1,11 I t. O d Tim (clock cycl) IF I/RF EX MEM W add 1,2,3 ub 4,1,3 ad 6,1,7 o 8,1,9 xo 10,1,11 Im m Im m Im m Im m Im m

12 Fowadig paa Evita Hazad Tipo d Fowadig Figua 3.10 Figua 3.19 HW Chag fo Fowadig Figu.23, Pag -37 Hazad Solutio: Fowad ult fom o tag to aoth Nxt it Immdiat I/EX mux mux EX/MEM oy MEM/WR mux I t. O d Tim (clock cycl) IF I/RF EX MEM W add 1,2,3 ub 4,1,3 ad 6,1,7 o 8,1,9 xo 10,1,11 Im m Im m Im m Im m Im m What cicuit dtct ad olv thi hazad? o OK if dfi ad/wit poply

13 Hazad com Fowadig Hazad com Fowadig Figua 3.12 Figua 3.13 Fowadig (o ypaig): What about Load? pdci backwad i tim a hazad lw 1,0(2) ub 4,1,3 IF I/RF EX MEM W Ca t olv with fowadig: Mut dlay/tall ituctio dpdt o load Im m Im m Tim (clock cycl) Ecaloamto d SW paa Evita Load Hazad Poduza o código mai ápido paa a = b + c; d = f; aumido qu a, b, c, d,, f tão a mmóia. Código lto: LW LW SW LW LW SU SW Rb,b Rc,c Ra,Rb,Rc a,ra R, Rf,f Rd,R,Rf d,rd Código ápido: LW LW LW LW SW SU SW Rb,b Rc,c R, Ra,Rb,Rc Rf,f a,ra Rd,R,Rf d,rd

14 Suco do Compilado paa Evita Load Stall tx pic gcc uchduld 14% 25% 31% 42% chduld 54% % load tallig pipli 65% I t. O d Cotol Hazad Solutio Stall: wait util dciio i cla It poibl to mov up dciio to 2d tag by addig hadwa to chck git a big ad Tim (clock cycl) dd q Load Impact: 2 clock cycl p bach ituctio => low Cotol Hazad Solutio Cotol Hazad Solutio I t. Pdict: gu o dictio th back up if wog Pdict ot tak dd q Tim (clock cycl) O d Load Impact: 1 clock cycl p bach ituctio if ight, 2 if wog (ight - 50% of tim) Mo dyamic chm: hitoy of 1 bach (- 90%) I t. O d Rdfi bach bhavio (tak plac aft xt ituctio) dlayd bach dd q Mic Load Tim (clock cycl) Impact: 0 clock cycl p bach ituctio if ca fid ituctio to put i lot (- 50% of tim) lauch mo ituctio p clock cycl, l uful

15 igig a Piplid Poco Piplid Poco (almot) Valid Go back ad xami you datapath ad cotol diagam It. cd x Ex mm wb W aociatd ouc with tat u that flow do ot coflict, o figu out how to olv at cotol i appopiat tag Nxt S M Equal What happ if w tat a w ituctio vy cycl? Cotol ad path <- []; < +4; Pipliig th Load Ituctio <- R[]; < R[t] Clock Cycl 1 Cycl 2 Cycl 3 Cycl 4 Cycl 5 Cycl 6 Cycl 7 S < + ; S < o ZX; S < + SX; S < + SX; If Cod < +SX; 1t lw Iftch /c W 2d lw Iftch /c W M < [S] [S] <- 3d lw Iftch /c W R[d] < S; R[t] < S; R[d] < M; Equal Th fiv idpdt fuctioal uit i th pipli datapath a: Ituctio oy fo th Iftch tag Nxt It. S M it Rad pot (bu ad bu ) fo th /c tag fo th tag oy fo th tag it Wit pot (bu W) fo th W tag

16 Th Fou Stag of R-typ Pipliig th R-typ ad Load Ituctio Cycl 1 Cycl 2 Cycl 3 Cycl 4 Cycl 1 Cycl 2 Cycl 3 Cycl 4 Cycl 5 Cycl 6 Cycl 7 Cycl 8 Cycl 9 R-typ Iftch /c W Clock R-typ Iftch /c W Op! W hav a poblm! Iftch: Ituctio Ftch Ftch th ituctio fom th Ituctio oy /c: it Ftch ad Ituctio cod R-typ Iftch /c W Load Iftch /c W R-typ Iftch /c W : opat o th two git opad Updat W: Wit th output back to th git fil R-typ Iftch /c W W hav pipli coflict o tuctual hazad: Two ituctio ty to wit to th git fil at th am tim! Oly o wit pot Impotat Obvatio Each fuctioal uit ca oly b ud oc p ituctio Each fuctioal uit mut b ud at th am tag fo all ituctio: Load u it Wit Pot duig it 5th tag Load Iftch /c W R-typ u it Wit Pot duig it 4th tag R-typ Iftch /c W 2 way to olv thi pipli hazad. Clock Solutio 1: It ubbl ito th Pipli Cycl 1 Cycl 2 Cycl 3 Cycl 4 Cycl 5 Cycl 6 Cycl 7 Cycl 8 Cycl 9 Iftch /c W Load Iftch /c W R-typ Iftch /c W R-typ Iftch /c Pipli W R-typ It a bubbl ito th pipli to pvt 2 wit at th am cycl Th cotol logic ca b complx. Lo ituctio ftch ad iu oppotuity. No ituctio i tatd i Cycl 6! Iftch ubbl /c W Iftch /c

17 Solutio 2: lay R-typ Wit by O Cycl Modifid Cotol & path <- []; < +4; lay R-typ git wit by o cycl: <- R[]; < R[t] Now R-typ ituctio alo u wit pot at Stag 5 tag i a NOOP tag: othig i big do S < + ; S < o ZX; S < + SX; S < + SX; if Cod < +SX; R-typ Iftch /c W M < S M < S M < [S] [S] <- Cycl 1 Cycl 2 Cycl 3 Cycl 4 Cycl 5 Cycl 6 Cycl 7 Cycl 8 Cycl 9 Clock R-typ Iftch /c W R[d] < M; R[t] < M; R[d] < M; Equal R-typ Iftch /c W Load Iftch /c W R-typ Iftch /c W R-typ Iftch /c W Nxt It. S M Th Fou Stag of Sto Th Th Stag of q Cycl 1 Cycl 2 Cycl 3 Cycl 4 Cycl 1 Cycl 2 Cycl 3 Cycl 4 Sto Iftch /c W q Iftch /c W Iftch: Ituctio Ftch Ftch th ituctio fom th Ituctio oy /c: it Ftch ad Ituctio cod : Calculat th mmoy add : Wit th data ito th oy Iftch: Ituctio Ftch Ftch th ituctio fom th Ituctio oy /c: it Ftch ad Ituctio cod : compa th two git opad, lct coct bach tagt add latch ito

18 Cotol iagam <- []; < +4; path + Statioay Cotol S < + ; M < S S < o ZX; M < S <- R[]; < R[t] S < + SX; M < [S] S < + SX; [S] <- If Cod < +SX; It. fu t op cod t v w wb m x im v w wb m v w wb W R[d] < S; R[t] < S; R[d] < M; Equal S M Nxt It. S M Nxt Lt Ty it Out Stat: Ftch lw 1, 2(35) 14 addi 2, 2, 3 20 ub 3, 4, 5 24 bq 6, 7, oi 8, 9, add 10, 11, 12 th add a octal It. cod t im S M W 10 lw 1, 2(35) 14 addi 2, 2, 3 20 ub 3, 4, ad 13, 14, 15 Nxt bq 6, 7, oi 8, 9, add 10, 11, ad 13, 14, 15

19 Ftch 14, cod 10 W S Nxt It. cod 2 t im M 10 lw 1, 2(35) 14 addi 2, 2, 3 20 ub 3, 4, 5 24 bq 6, 7, oi 8, 9, add 10, 11, lw 1, 2(35) 100 ad 13, 14, 15 Ftch 20, cod 14, 10 W 2 S Nxt 35 It. cod 2 t M 10 lw 1, 2(35) 14 addi 2, 2, 3 20 ub 3, 4, 5 24 bq 6, 7, oi 8, 9, add 10, 11, addi 2, 2, 3 lw 1 Ftch 24, cod 20, 14, 10 W 100 ad 13, 14, Nxt 3 It. cod 4 5 M 10 lw 1, 2(35) 14 addi 2, 2, 3 20 ub 3, 4, 5 24 bq 6, 7, oi 8, 9, add 10, 11, ub 3, 4, 5 addi 2, 2, 3 lw ad 13, 14, 15 Ftch 30, cd 24, Ex 20, 14, W Nxt It. cod 6 7 W M[2+35] 10 lw 1, 2(35) 14 addi 2, 2, 3 20 ub 3, 4, 5 24 bq 6, 7, oi 8, 9, add 10, 11, bq 6, ub 3 addi 2 lw ad 13, 14, 15

20 Ftch 34, cd 30, Ex 24, 20, W 14 Ftch 100, cd 34, Ex 30, 24, W 20 It. oi 8, 9 17 cod bq 9 xx 100 ub 3 addi 2 W 1=M[2+35] It. add 10, 11, 12 cod oi 8 bq ub 3 W 1=M[2+35] 2 = lw 1, 2(35) 14 addi 2, 2, 3 20 ub 3, 4, 5 9 x xxx lw 1, 2(35) 14 addi 2, 2, 3 20 ub 3, 4, 5 Nxt bq 6, 7, oi 8, 9, add 10, 11, 12 Nxt bq 6, 7, oi 8, 9, add 10, 11, ad 13, 14, 15 ooop, w hould hav oly o dlayd ituctio 100 ad 13, 14, 15 Ftch 104, cd 100, Ex 34, 30, W 24 Ftch 108, cd 104, Ex 100, 34, W 30 It. ad 13, 14, 15 cod add 10 xx oi 8 bq W 1=M[2+35] 2 = = 4-5 It. cod xx ad 13 add 10 oi 8 W 1=M[2+35] 2 = = xxx 10 lw 1, 2(35) 14 addi 2, 2, 3 20 ub 3, 4, lw 1, 2(35) 14 addi 2, 2, 3 20 ub 3, 4, 5 Nxt bq 6, 7, oi 8, 9, add 10, 11, 12 Nxt bq 6, 7, oi 8, 9, add 10, 11, 12 Squah th xta ituctio i th bach hadow! 100 ad 13, 14, 15 Squah th xta ituctio i th bach hadow! 100 ad 13, 14, 15

21 Ftch 114, cd 110, Ex 104, 100, W 34 It. cod Nxt ad & R add 10 Squah th xta ituctio i th bach hadow! W NO W NO Ovflow 1=M[2+35] 2 = = = lw 1, 2(35) 14 addi 2, 2, 3 20 ub 3, 4, 5 24 bq 6, 7, oi 8, 9, add 10, 11, ad 13, 14, 15 Rumo: Pipliig Cotol via Stat Machi Micopogammig S tafa ão idpdt, bata xcuta a ub-tafa cocotmt (ovlap) Spd Up Pipli pth; CPI Idal é 1, tão: Hazad limitam a pfomac: Etutual: é cáio aloca mai cuo d HW ado: cita d fowadig, caloamto d ituçõ plo compilado Cotol: a dicutido Excptio, Itupt aumtam complxidad Summay: Pipliig Summay: Pipliig What mak it ay all ituctio a th am lgth jut a fw ituctio fomat mmoy opad appa oly i load ad to What mak it had? tuctual hazad: uppo w had oly o mmoy cotol hazad: d to woy about bach ituctio data hazad: a ituctio dpd o a pviou ituctio Pipliig é um cocito fudamtal múltiplo pao utilizado cuo ditito Utiliza capacidad d pocamto d ituçõ do path Iicia a póxima itução quato tabalha a atual Limitado ao compimto do tágio mai logo (mai fill/fluh ) dtcta olv hazad

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