Ansökningsblankett för projektmedel från Nordiska ministerrådets Arktiska Samarbetsprogram

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1 Ansökningsblankett för projektmedel från Nordiska ministerrådets Arktiska Samarbetsprogram Ifylld blankett skickas till adressen nedan. Journalnr.: 1. Projektnamn (även på engelska): ASCOS - The IPY Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study 2. Datum: 30 Nov 2005 (deadline 1 Dec 2005) Nordiska ministerrådets sekretariat 3. Projektets startår: 2006 Store Strandstræde Projektets slutår: 2008 DK-1255 København K 5. Total projektbudget 1957 DKK Att: MoR/Nikolaj Bock e-post: nb@norden.org 7. Fördelning av projektmedel använt per land i %: Danmark 20 Finland 25 Island.. Norge.. Sverige 55 Färöarna Grönland. Åland.. Till denna ansökan bifogas följande bilagor: 6. Ansökt belopp (för innevarande år): This year (2006): 643 DKK Estland Lettland.. Litauen Nordvästra Ryssland.. Andra. Detailled Project Description ASCOS ASCOS description for IPY (approved) ASCOS Time Plan Short CV, Prof. Erik Swietlicki (Main applicant and Project leader) Publication list , Prof. Erik Swietlicki (Main applicant and Project leader)

2 Innehåll 8. Sammanfattning av projektet inkl. målsättning: This proposal requests support for the ASCOS Arctic Ocean field experiment, and is essential for the fulfilment of the ASCOS goals, outlined below. It was initiated by the three scientists that planned and participated in the previous Arctic Ocean expedition in the summer of 2001 (Swietlicki, Leck, Tjernström). An ultimate aim of ASCOS is to incorporate the results in climate models to improve the reliability of climate change projections. There is no region on earth where the climate changes faster than it does in the Arctic. Yet the models projecting future climate are the most uncertain in this region (ACIA 2004). This paradox that the models are the most uncertain where they are needed the most is partly due to an inadequate understanding of several strong feedback mechanisms that are specific to the Arctic region. This in turn is explained by the fact that they are difficult to study and therefore largely unexplored. Clouds play a particularly important role in the Arctic climate. They are the single-most important factor determining the surface radiation budget, which is also recognized by the Working Groups (in particular WG 4 and 9) of the recent Second International Conference on Arctic Research Planning (ICARP II, Nov 2005, Copenhagen, Arctic clouds are dominated by low-level boundary-layer clouds. Such clouds are at most other latitudes known to have a cooling effect on the surface due to their high reflectivity. This reflectivity is sensitive to the number of cloud droplets, which depends on the fraction of watersoluble aerosol particles, known as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). In the Arctic, low-level clouds constitute a warming factor on climate. However, the mechanisms responsible for their formation, their macro- and microphysical structure and removal mechanisms are very poorly known and understood. ASCOS is a multi-month Arctic field experiment planned for the summer of With an integrated study from the sea-ice interface to the cloud-topped boundary layer, ASCOS will identify and understand controlling factors of the low-level cloud system over the Arctic pack ice. A distinct feature of ASCOS is its necessarily interdisciplinary nature, which includes marine biochemistry, aerosol and cloud chemistry/physics, and meteorology. This can be made clearer by the specific scientific aims: To determine the role of marine biochemical sources for CCN and IN (Ice Nuclei) formation, with emphasis on the open lead surface microlayer. To determine the evolution of CCN and IN, how they form cloud droplets and ice crystals and partition water between the liquid and solid phases. To determine the role of boundary-layer clouds on the turbulent exchange of heat, momentum, gases and aerosols across the ocean/ice/air interface and with the free troposphere. To provide data to test and implement reliable satellite algorithms for area-covering climate monitoring. To provide a high-arctic mirror-station of intense atmospheric measurements that for a limited time will sample data similar to monitoring stations around the rim of the Arctic Ocean, for example at Barrow and Alert/Eureka. To provide a comprehensive data set as a part of IPY on the high Arctic climate system, for developing and testing of integrated climate models. The main activities will take place during an ice-drift operation. The icebreaker (Swedish) will be moored to an ice floe near the North Pole and drift passively, during the biologically most active period into autumn freeze-up conditions, roughly July through September. Instruments will be deployed both onboard the icebreaker and on the ice. Ground-based remote sensing will provide continuous records of boundary layer and cloud structure, while in-situ instruments and vertical profiling will provide process-oriented information on boundary layer dynamics, aerosol/cloud evolution and ocean/ice biochemistry. Detailed aerosol and cloud profiling will be conducted by helicopter, tethered balloon and by land-based aircraft. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only suggested Nordic effort to conduct climate-related research in the high Arctic pack ice region north of 85 N during IPY.

3 9. Koppling till det arktiska samarbetsprogrammet The first of the ten Key Findings of the ACIA Arctic Climate Impact Assessment report states that Arctic climate is now warming rapidly and much larger changes are projected. The remaining nine findings are all consequences of this warming. Climate models used for future climate projections show large uncertainties, manifested as much larger model scatter than elsewhere. This scatter partly relates to an insufficient understanding of feedback mechanisms involving ice, aerosols, clouds and radiation. ASCOS will contribute to knowledge vital for reducing serious model deficiencies in describing interactions in the Arctic cloud-capped boundary layer. ASCOS will in addition provide data for calibration and development of algorithms for satellite monitoring. ASCOS thus addresses the most fundamental outstanding scientific issue of the ACIA report; how to monitor and predict Arctic climate change. ASCOS has been approved for IPY as IPY Activity ID No: 212. ASCOS as placed within the IPY Cluster: Clouds, aerosols and atmospheric chemistry (total of 34 EoI). Furthermore, ASCOS is placed under the more wide-ranging IPY coordination efforts of AICI- IPY (IPY Activity ID No: 20, Air-Ice Chemical Interactions IPY coordinated studies) and iaoos (Activity ID No: 14; Integrated Arctic Ocean Observing System). Among the other approved IPY links to ASCOS are ICE CLOUD (ID No: 48, Cloud Aerosol Interactions in Mixed Phase Arctic Clouds), IASOA (Activity ID No: 196, International Arctic Systems for Observing the Atmosphere), OASIS-IPY (ID No: 344) Ocean-Atmosphere-Sea Ice-Snowpack (OASIS) Interactions) and ISAPIE (ID No: 574, Interdisciplinary Studies of the Annual Pack Ice Environment). For more IPY information: Nordisk nytta 10. Vilket behov finns för nordisk samordning och hur uppfyller projektet detta? A distinct feature of ASCOS is its necessarily interdisciplinary nature, which includes marine biochemistry, aerosol and cloud chemistry/physics, and meteorology. This expertise requires the collaboration of Nordic as well as international science teams. The Nordic groups chosen to participate in this proposal all add specific competence and instrumentation without which the ASCOS science objectives will not be fulfilled. This proposal also offers a unique opportunity for the non-swedish groups to participate in the icebreaker expedition, funded by Swedish sources. The selected Nordic groups are partners of the Nordic Centre of Excellence BACCI (Biosphere- Aerosol Cloud Climate Interactions), Coordinator: Professor Markku Kulmala, Helsinki universitet, until 2007). BACCI has until now not extended its activities to the High Arctic pack ice region. ASCOS, and this proposal, will make it possible to make full use of the competence within this NCoE in Arctic climate research. It should be noted that the BACCI NCoE only funds network activities, and not specific research projects such as ASCOS. NMR is co-funding the BACCI NCoE via NordForsk. ASCOS is expected to result in exchange of Nordic aerosol scientists, partly financed via BACCI.

4 11. Hur stärker projektet det nordiska inflytandet internationellt, och hur är projektet relaterat till liknande aktiviteter i regionala och internationella fora? Climate change is global, but strikes the polar regions first, and hardest. The Nordic countries are particularly exposed to the consequences of Arctic climate change, as made clear in the ACIA report. By incorporating the ASCOS results in climate models, our ability to predict future climate change will be greatly improved. It is essential that Nordic policy-making is based on solid scientific work. By supporting such research, the Nordic countries will assume their responsibility to the people affected by Arctic climate change, and not simply leave this burden to other nations. The representatives of the Nordic countries will have a much higher credibility during political negotiations in various fora that deal with measures needed to mitigate climate change if they are able to present hard scientific evidence from research which they themselves participated in and funded. The Nordic policy-makers will be supplied with first-hand information to the most recent data and results regarding Arctic climate change. The Nordic countries have a long tradition in Arctic (and polar) research. In particular the icebreaker expeditions to the high Arctic, sponsored by the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, are excellent examples of unique research carried out in the hostile environments of the high Arctic that, regarding the atmospheric component, is unique. ASCOS is a direct continuation of this long line of Arctic Ocean expeditions. There is no doubt in our minds that ASCOS will further strengthen the Nordic reputation and competitiveness within the field of Arctic atmospheric research. 12. Hur stärker projektet nordisk identitet och gemenskap? The current Nordic activities within atmospheric science in the Arctic Ocean build heavily on the Nordic interdisciplinary scientific network formed in connection with the previous Arctic Ocean Expedition in 2001, within the framework of a previous NMR-supported project (NMR/NARP Project #12-098, continued as NARP #57-007, , Sources of particles over the remote Arctic Ocean and their climatic impact, AOE-2001 ). The proposed NMR ASCOS project will help maintain and strengthen this Nordic network within Arctic atmospheric science. Nordic scientific networking is also established via the Nordic Centre of Excellence BACCI (Biosphere-Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions). The external evaluation of the first BACCI period was highly appreciative of the achievements within this NCoE. The strong links between the Nordic aerosol scientists, of which BACCI is a good example, is without doubt a major contributor to the international success of Nordic aerosol research. As already pointed out, the BACCI NCoE only funds network activities, and therefore relies on additional funding for specific research projects such as ASCOS. The Nordic aerosol community is further strengthened through the activities of the Nordic Society Aerosol Research (NOSA, of which the main applicant (Erik Swietlicki) acted as President until November 2004, and still serves a board member. NOSA arranges annual aerosol conferences in the Nordic countries. 13. Hur tar projektet hänsyn till könsfördelning och/eller jämställdhet mellan kvinnor och män? (Ifylles om särskilda förhållanden av intresse för NMR förekommer.) Atmospheric sciences have traditionally attracted female scientists. The overall ASCOS coordinator, Prof. Caroline Leck, has a strong position in the field of Arctic research. Assoc. Prof. Merete Bilde has gained considerable reputation in the studies of cloud-forming properties of aerosols, mainly organic aerosols.

5 14. Hur och när skall resultaten användas och publiceras? (Sökanden skall bifoga en utförlig projektbeskrivning i vilken en kort redogörelse av projektets syfte, dess förväntade mål, samt ett klargörande av till vem resultaten riktar sig och på vilket sätt man avser att förmedla dessa resultat. ) A detailed project description is attached. The ASCOS results will eventually be presented in peer-reviewed scientific journals, following presentation of preliminary project results at scientific conferences. The target groups here are mostly fellow scientists. The ASCOS community is ready to supply first-hand information on the state and future of the high-arctic to any national governmental or Nordic organization that wishes to take part in the ASCOS results. We appreciate all suggestions from NMR on how this dissemination should be conducted in order to achieve maximum policy-making effect. The EU project DAMOCLES is expected to have a major policy-making effect within the EU. We also plan to disseminate our results to the public in the form of newspaper articles, open lectures and visits to schools. The Swedish Polar Research Secretariat regularly arranges radio and television broadcasts in connection with the Arctic expeditions, as well as press releases. 15. Andra argument för att projektet bör utföras inom ramen för det nordiska samarbetet, med stöd från Nordiska ministerrådet: The three scientists initiating this NMR proposal (Swietlicki, Leck, Tjernström) were asked specifically by the Swedish Research Council to seek funding for ASCOS also from other sources, especially regarding the high costs for a full Arctic Ocean expedition ( M DKK). The Nordic level and the NMR Arctic Cooperation Program is an obvious alternative to apply for funding for ASCOS. No single funding agency can cover all the costs, and as was done with the previous Arctic Ocean expeditions, funding has to come from a multitude of sources. As mentioned, one of the ASCOS partners (Tjernström) is partner in the EU project DAMOCLES. No other calls for EU proposals are open at this time that would be appropriate for ASCOS. Even though ASCOS is approved by both IPY and SOLAS, these organizations have no possibilities to fund specific research projects such as ASCOS. Their approvals do, however, reflect the importance that these organizations place on ASCOS, from an international perspective.

6 Projektdeltagare 16. Förvaltningsorgan (institution, adress, telefon, telefax, ): Physics Department, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE Lund, Sweden. tel: , fax: Förvaltningsorganets revision (institution, adress, telefon, telefax, ): 17. Projektledare (namn,, och adressupplysningar, om annat än förvaltningsorganets) : Prof. Erik Swietlicki, (Div. of Nuclear Physics, Physics, Dept. Lund Univ.) Erik.Swietlicki@nuclear.lu.se tel: Lund University Internal Audit, Paradisgatan 5, SE Lund, Sweden tel: , fax: , irev@irev.lu.se, Övriga deltagare från nordiska länder? (Minst 3 aktörer från de nordiska länderna, och/eller minst en aktör från ett av länderna i närområdet. Namn, organisation, telefon samt skall ifyllas.): Sweden: Dept. of Meteorology, Stockholm University, SE Stockholm, Sweden. Prof. Caroline Leck, tel: , lina@misu.su.se Prof. Michael Tjernström, tel: , michaelt@misu.su.se Denmark: Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Prof. Ole John Nielsen, tel: , ojn@kiku.dk Assoc. Prof. Merete Bilde, tel: , mbilde@kiku.dk Finland: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Research and Development, P.O. Box 503, FI Helsinki, Finland. Prof. Veli-Matti Kerminen, tel: , veli-matti.kerminen@fmi.fi Docent Risto Hillamo, tel: , Risto.Hillamo@fmi.fi 20. Hur är projektet förankrat nationellt? At the Nordic level, the Nordic Centre of Excellence BACCI (Biosphere-Aerosol-Cloud- Climate Interactions) supports Nordic networking activities within the field of aerosol and climate. NMR is co-funding the BACCI NCoE via NordForsk. The partners in this NMR proposal are also partners of the BACCI NCoE. In Sweden, the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat determines how the polar research facilities will be used during IPY. Decision for icebreaker deployment is pending for IPY, and ASCOS is a strong candidate. Caroline Leck has ascertained funding from the Swedish Research Council for ASCOS for FMI has more than 15 years experience in Polar/Arctic research and it has been done in Greenland, Arctic Ocean, Ny Ålesund, Finnish Arctic (Lapland) and Antarctica. Global change is one of the major focus areas in the FMI Research and Development. Both Veli-Matti Kerminen and Risto Hillamo are very active in this research, mostly funded by Finnish sources. Merete Bilde and Ole John Nielsen are both in the steering committee of the Copenhagen Center for Atmospheric Research, funded by the Danish Natural Science Research Council. One focus of this Center is climate changes, another is polar research.

7 Utvärdering 21. Hur avses projektet utvärderas: The progress of the project will be reported regularly to NMR. The Nordic Centre of Excellence BACCI (Biosphere-Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions) will be evaluated after its completion at the end of The Swedish Research Council regularly evaluates the scientists that have received funding from the Council (last evaluation 2004 within Meteorology). Publication in peer-reviewed journals will inevitably subject the ASCOS project results to the careful scrutiny of independent scientists. Presentations at scientific conferences are also important platforms for presentation and possibilities for open criticism of the project results. Normally, it is the funding agency that decides how the project they fund should be evaluated. We are open to suggestions from NMR regarding this matter. We are certainly most willing to cooperate in a project evaluation. Sektorspecifika frågor 22. På vilket sätt kompletterar projektet aktiviteter och målsättningar inom ramen för Arktiska rådet? The Arctic Council called for the ACIA assessment of climate change in the Arctic. The first of the ten Key Findings of this assessment report states that Arctic climate is now warming rapidly and much larger changes are projected. The remaining nine findings are all consequences of this warming. As already noted, ASCOS will contribute to knowledge vital for reducing serious model deficiencies in describing interactions in the Arctic cloud-capped boundary layer, and incorporate the results in climate models to improve the reliability of climate change projections. 23. Hur förhåller sig projektet till övriga nordiska strategier och handligsplaner (Rysslandsprogrammet, Strategin för hållbar utveckling eller sektorspecifika program och handlingsplaner): This NMR proposal addresses the following points given in the Nordic Strategic Plan (Sustainable Development, New Bearings for the Nordic Countries, Revised version with goals and measures for , Principal policy points, ANP 2004:782): Goals and inititives for : The Nordic countries - will attach particular importance to the natural environment and biodiversity in the Arctic region and take account of the Arctic Council s assessment of climatic effects in the region. - will develop the Nordic action plans for the preservation of natural and cultural environments in the Arctic region into an action plan which also covers Nordic environmental initiatives in the region, particularly with regard to climate change, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and mercury. - Will support the development of an Arctic Marine Strategic Plan

8 Budget Utgifter (tdkk) i 2006-priser Lön / honorar Overheadkostnader Sociala avgifter Resor Resultatförmedl. inkl. tryckning Utvärdering Omkostnader för seminarier, workshops, etc Övriga omkostnader Totala projektutgifter : 6 months annually for PhD students, 3 months for senior scientists. 25: Overhead costs taken as 43% of all direct costs (budget items 24, 26-31). 26: Social costs taken as 50% of salary costs. 27: Travel: training of operators, project meetings, data workshops and conferences. 29: If and when requested by NMR, costs related to project evaluation will be redistributed from other budget items. 30: Some costs related workshops (other than travel) are expected to be paid from other sources, e.g. IMI. 31: Consumables, shipping of equiment, maintenance of equipment, analytical costs, database handling. Finansiering (tdkk) i 2006-priser Egen finansiering Nordiska ministerrådet Nordiska nationella medel (Leck) 800 (Leck) 800 (Leck) EU-medel (Tjernström) 400 (Tjernström) (Tjernström) Annan finansiering (Swedish Polar Research Secretariat) Decision pending Total projektfinansiering Kommentarer till projektfinansiering. Ange status på övrig finansiering (sökt/beviljad) utöver medel sökta i denna ansökan.: The final decision on how to deploy the Swedish icebreakers during IPY is pending. The Swedish Polar Research Secretariat ( are expected to announce their intentions during the next few months. For further information, contact the director: Anders Karlqvist, tel: , anders.karlqvist@polar.se). If ASCOS is approved, the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat will cover a substantial fraction of the logistical costs related to the actual expedition, most importantly an icebreaker and helicopter. Funding from Swedish sources (Swedish Research Council) has been ascertained by Caroline Leck for Funding from the EU has been ascertained by Michael Tjernström for within in the Integrated Project DAMOCLES ( The remaining proposed NMR project partners (Lund University, Sweden; Dept. of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland) have as yet no specific funding available for participation in ASCOS. Belopp i tdkk Tidigare beviljade medel från Nordiska ministerrådet 350 (NARP #12-098) 350 (NARP #57-007) 350 (NARP #57-007)

9 42. Sökande (Ange sökandens namn, institution, adress, telefon, telefax, e- mail om sökande och projektledare inte är densamma): Prof. Erik Swietlicki (also Project leader) Division of Nuclear Physics Physics Department Lund University P.O. Box 118 SE Lund Sweden tel: , mobile: fax: Datum och sökandens underskrift: Lund, 30 Nov 2005