Contents. 1) Background to the Project 2) 3D CFX Package 3) CFX modelling for 4 FCF Cases - Inbank flow [1] - Overbank flow [3]
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1 3D CFX Modelling of Meandering Channel Flows (River Blackwater) By Xiaonan Tang Mark Sterling Donald W Knight School of Civil Engineering The University of Birmingham Contents 1) Background to the Project 2) 3D CFX Package 3) CFX modelling for 4 FCF Cases - Inbank flow [1] - Overbank flow [3] 10/09/2009, Warrington, UK (2009 IAHR UK-Section AGM ) 1 2 Project overview Combine new approaches ( PIV, ADCP,ADV & DP) to obtain a reliable estimation of the discharge and reconstruct the flow within a 300 m reach of a two-stage, double meandering channel Data collection: ADCP PIV & DP ADV EPSRC Research Grant: New Approaches to Estimating Flood Flows via Surface Videography and 2D & 3D Modelling University of Birmingham Loughborough University Centre of Ecology and Hydrology River Blackwater Basic facts: The River is man made Inbank flow capacity = 1.5 m 3 /s Overbank flow capacity = 4.3 m 3 /s Main channel width ~ 5 m Bankfull depth ~ 0.75 m Catchments area at the site ~ 35 km 2 Flow direction Farnborough Modelling: 3D Birmingham (CFX), UNESCO-IHE (Delft 3D), CEH (Phoenics) 2D Loughborough University (TeleMAC) Quasi-2D SKM method (analytical solution) 3 Reach valley slope is 1.0 x
2 River Blackwater Research Reach (~ 300 m) Seasonal variations CROSS-SECTIONS SECTIONS 2. STRAIGHT 3. Apex 4. CROSSOVER 5. APEX Flow direction 5 23/6/2007 6/3/ Winter h [m] Q = 0.24 m 3 /s Q = 3.3 m 3 /s 100 m Q [m 3 /s] Winter Flood (recent) Blackwater (FCF 1:5) 10 Feb 09 Winter Inbank flow (I): 132mm Overbank flow (H,B,C) (H=200mm, 187mm) Y CFX model xy coordinate X Case I H MC (m) H FP (m) - Q (m 3 /s) MC Rough FP Smooth H Smooth Smooth B d 50 =8mm Smooth 7 C d 50 =8mm d 50 =8mm 8 2
3 ANSYS CFX Version 11.0 SP1 THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM Inbank flows THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM A high performance, general purpose CFD program Pre-processing (Workbench, ICEM-CFD) - Build Geometry and mesh generation H = m, Q=0.043 m 3 /s (rough bed, smooth side wall) CFX-Pre (set-up both standard and highly complex fluid dynamics analyses) CFX-Solver (coupled algebraic multi-grid techniques - FVM) Post-processing (CFX-Post: data analysis and visualization) 0.85 m 1: Inbank (1) Mesh Ks=6 mm for bed (Ks =0.75mm for all side walls) So= 1 Inlet velocity = m/s (average) Free slip B.C. for water surface Model: k- turbulence model Structure mesh (250 x 30 x 12)
4 Geometry Mesh (plan view) CFX model Velocity vectors on surface Streamlines on surface
5 Stream lines between CS3 and CS5 Wall shear stress (inbank( inbank) Velocity Contour (x=23m( x=23m) Velocity Contours and Vectors Depth (mm) Distance across Channel (mm) CS5 CS
6 Inbank (2) Flow development around bend Rough (Ks=43mm for bed, 0.75mm for side wall) So = 1 Inlet velocity = m/s (average) Free slip B.C. for water surface Model: k- turbulence model Structure mesh (250 x 30 x 12) Wall shear Streamlines on the surface Ks = 43 mm Ks = 43 mm Ks = 6 mm 23 Ks = 6 mm 24 6
7 Velocity Inbank flow (B132) actual = m 3 /s) (Qactual Ks = 43 mm Ks = 6 mm Ks = 43mm (x=23m) Q = m 3 /s Umin = m/s Umax = m/s Umean = m/s Tau (ave)= N/m 2 Ks = 6 mm (x=23m) Q = m 3/s Umin = m/s Umax = m/s Umean = m/s Tau (ave)= N/m Depth averaged velocities and bed shear stress 0.50 Depth averaged velocities CFX_CS3 (Ks=6mm) CFX_CS3 (Ks=23mm) CFX_CS3 (Ks=43mm) Y (m) CFX_CS4 (Ks=6 mm) CFX_CS4 (Ks=43mm) Y (m) 1.2 CS Bed shear (N/m 2 ) CFX_CS3 CS3 CS CFX_CS5 (Ks=6 mm) CFX_CS5 (Ks= 43mm) Y (m) Y (m)
8 Overbank Flows Case H (H=0.20m, h=0.15m) (smooth MC and FP) Case B (H=0.187m, h=0.137m) (rough MC bed only) THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM Investigation of Inlet B.C. Mesh (Inlet) : [1] Mesh (Inlet) : [2] Case C (H=0.187m, h=0.149m) (rough both MC and FP beds) Overbank (H=0.187m) Case B (h=0.137m, Q=0.125 m 3 /s) Ks=23mm for MC bed, Ks=0.75mm for other walls) So = 1 Inlet velocity = m/s (average) Free slip B.C. for water surface Model: k- turbulence model [2.1] BW187Lm2_001.res: (Umc = Ufp =0.478 m/s) Different Inlet B.C. [1] BW187Lm_005.res (only one plane as inlet) U=0.478 m/s (average) [2] BW187Lm2.def (Inlet plane split into 3 separate planes) [Amc =76.5%, Afp (L+R) =23.5%] (%Qmc = 76.5 %, %Qfp = 23.5 % ) [2.2] BW187Lm2_002.res: Umc = m/s (%Q = 85 %) Ufp = m/s (%Q = 15%) Structure mesh (200 x 107 x 21)
![478 m/s (average) Free slip B.C. for water surface Model: k- turbulence model [2.1] BW187Lm2_001.res: (Umc = Ufp =0.478 m/s) Different Inlet B.C. [1] BW187Lm_005.res (only one plane as inlet) U=0.](/docs-images/44/12867912/images/page_8.jpg "478 m/s (average) [2] BW187Lm2.def (Inlet plane split into 3 separate planes) [Amc =76.5%, Afp (L+R) =23.5%] (%Qmc = 76.5 %, %Qfp = 23.5 % ) [2.2] BW187Lm2_002.res: Umc = 0.")
9 Vector CS3 Key data [1] [1] BW187Lm_005.res: U (ave( ave) ) = m/s (Umc = m/s, Ufp = m/s) Q = m 3 /s (Qmc( = m 3 /s, Qfp = m 3 /s) Tau = N/m 2 [Tau (mc)= N/m 2, Tau (fp)= N/m 2 ] => No impact on the results [2.2] [2.1] BW187Lm2_001.res: U (ave) = m/s (Umc = m/s, Ufp =0.431 m/s) Q = m 3 /s (64.3%, 36.7%) (Qmc = m 3 /s, Qfp = m 3 /s) Tau = N/m 2 ( -mc = N/m 2, -fp = N/m 2 ) [2.2] BW187Lm2_002.res: U (ave) = m/s (Umc = m/s, Ufp =0.431 m/s) Q = m 3 /s (64.3%, 36.7%) (Qmc = m 3 /s, Qfp = m 3 /s) Tau = N/m 2 ( -mc = N/m 2, -fp = N/m 2 ) Overbank (1) (H=0.20m) Case H (Q=0.146 m 3 /s) Smooth (Ks=0.75mm for all walls) So= 1 Inlet velocity = m/s (average) Free slip B.C. for water surface Model: k- turbulence model Structure mesh (200 x 107 x 21) THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM Mesh (Inlet)
![125 m 3 /s (64.3%, 36.7%) (Qmc =0.0804 m 3 /s, Qfp = 0.0463 m 3 /s) Tau = 0.7914 N/m 2 ( -mc =0.8950 N/m 2, -fp = 0.7409 N/m 2 ) [2.2] BW187Lm2_002.res: U (ave) = 0.4070 m/s (Umc =0.3942 m/s, Ufp =0.](/docs-images/44/12867912/images/page_9.jpg "431 m/s) Q = 0.125 m 3 /s (64.3%, 36.7%) (Qmc =0.0804 m 3 /s, Qfp = 0.0463 m 3 /s) Tau = 0.7919 N/m 2 ( -mc =0.8959 N/m 2, -fp = 0.7412 N/m 2 ) 33 34 Overbank (1) (H=0.20m) Case H (Q=0.")
10 Velocity vectors on surface (Case H) Velocity Streamlines on surface (Case H) Z=0.145m Z=0.145m Flow stream lines on surface (Case H) CS5 Vector CS3, CS4, CS5 CS4 3D stream lines CS
11 Vector all CS and Stream lines (z=0.145m) (Case H) Plan of CS3, CS4 and CS5 flow y x Y CFX Model X u [ U sin( ) V cos( )] Wall shear & CS3 (Case H) 1.80 Wall shear & CS4 (Case H) Bed shear (N/m 2 ) 0.50 CFX_CS3 Bed shear (N/m 2 ) CFX_CS Y (m) Y (m) CFX_CS CFX_CS Y (m) Y (m)
12 Bed shear (N/m 2 ) 0.50 Wall shear & CS5 (Case H) 1.00 CFX_CS5 (x) Y (m) 5.0 CFX_CS5 (x) Overbank (2) (H=0.187m) Case B (Q=0.125 m 3 /s) Ks= 12 mm (MC bed), Ks=0.75mm for all others) So = 1 Inlet velocity = m/s (average) Free slip B.C. for water surface Model: k- turbulence model Structure mesh (200 x 107 x 21) Y (m) Velocity vectors on surface (Case B) Flow stream lines on surface (Case B) Z=0.145m Z=0.145m
13 Flow stream lines on surface (Case B) Flow stream lines on surface (Case B) 3D stream lines Z = 0.13m CS3 Velocity (Case B) CS5 Vector CS3/4/5 (Case B) CS4 CS4 CS5 CS
14 Vector all CS and Stream lines (Top) (Case B) CS3 (Case B) CFX_CS Y (m) 5.0 Meander cross section (CS3) y (m) 53 Z Exp data Telemac SKM Delft3D CFX 54 CS4 and CS5 (Case B) Cross Over Section (CS4) y (m) Z Exp data Telemac SKM Delft3D CFX Overbank (3) (H=0.187m) Case C (Q=0.084 m 3 /s) Ks= 12 mm (MC bed), Ks= 10mm (FP bed) Ks=0.75mm for all other walls So= 1 Cross Section (CS5) Inlet velocity = m/s (average) Free slip B.C. for water surface y (m) Bed Z Exp data Telemac SKM Delft3D CFX 55 Model: k- turbulence model Structure mesh (200 x 107 x 21) 56 14
15 Velocity vectors on surface (Case C) Flow stream lines on surface (Case C) Case B Case B Case C Case C Z=0.145m Velocity vectors on surface (Case C) 3D flow stream lines CS3-CS5 CS5 (Case C) Case B Case B Case C Z=0.145m Case C
16 Flow stream lines on surface Vector CS3 Case B Case B Case C Case C Vector CS4 Vector CS5 Case B Case B Case C Case C
17 Key data [2] Case B: B187Lm_002.res: U (ave) = m/s (Umc = m/s, Ufp = m/s) Q = m 3 /s (54%, 46%) (Qmc = m 3 /s, Qfp = m 3 /s) Tau = N/m 2 ( -mc = N/m 2, -fp = N/m 2 ) [1] Case H (H=0.20m) H200Lm_007.res: U (ave) = m/s (Umc = m/s, Ufp = m/s) Q = m 3 /s (58.2%, 41.8%) (Qmc = m 3 /s, Qfp = m 3 /s) Tau = N/m 2 [Tau(mc)= N/m 2, Tau(fp)= N/m 2 ] [3] Case C: C187Lm_005.res: U (ave) = m/s (Umc = m/s, Ufp = m/s) Q = m 3 /s (73%, 27%) (Qmc = m 3 /s, Qfp = m 3 /s) Tau = N/m 2 ( -mc = N/m 2, -fp = N/m 2 ) Conclusions It shows the feasibility of CFX used for open channel flows (rivers) The depth-averaged velocities are predicted reasonably well Secondary flows are reproduced fairly well in terms of the flow pattern Some discrepancy exists for 3D velocity field near the surface Future works CFX modelling for field river channel geometry (more complex) Generate good mesh (structure mesh) for complex geometry? Using high-order turbulence models (such as SST, RSM etc.) 67 17
![0853 m 3 /s, Qfp = 0.0630 m 3 /s) Tau = 0.6167 N/m 2 [Tau(mc)=0.4418 N/m 2, Tau(fp)=0.7010 N/m 2 ] [3] Case C: C187Lm_005.res: U (ave) =0.2683 m/s (Umc =0.2970 m/s, Ufp =0.2146 m/s) Q = 0.](/docs-images/44/12867912/images/page_17.jpg "084 m 3 /s (73%, 27%) (Qmc =0.0612 m 3 /s, Qfp = 0.0237 m 3 /s) Tau = 0.2987 N/m 2 ( -mc =0.4093 N/m 2, -fp = 0.")
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