Renewable Energy Microgrid. Research Center
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1 Renewable Energy Microgrid Testbed at NASA Ames Research Center Joel Kubby, Dan O Leary, Ali Shakouri Baskin School of Engineering, i Dept. of Electrical Engineering, UCSC
2 Goals Set-up a unique microgrid test-bed for renewable energy monitoring, generation and storage Use the facility for testing systems integration of new renewable energy components Enable web access to the test-bed for a remote access lab in renewable energy
3 Microgrid Components Energy Generation Tracking photovoltaic array (6x180W PV panels, Wattsun AZ 225 tracker) Wind turbine (Air X-12, 400W, 12V DC) Energy Storage Batteries (8x100 Ah) Electric Vehicle (Triac) Energy Conversion Xantrex inverter Monitoring IV curve tracer (Daystar DS-100C) Weather station (Cambell Instruments) Wind anemometer Solar radiometers Normal incidence Pyroheliometer Precision i Spectral Pyranometer Data logger
4 Energy Generation/Sustainable Power Wind Sun Energy Storage/Sustainable Transportation
5 Background Group project from LoCal RE 2008 Summer School on Electricity y Grid using Localized Renewable Generation Intermittent wind and solar power generation at the household scale balanced using electric vehicles
6 Questions Is it possible to have a hybrid renewable energy system as a microgrid with an electric vehicle as battery storage? Could this type of microgrid system be price-competitive with typical gridconnected systems? How will this vary when applied to Denmark and the US respectively?
7 Mind Map
8 California: Solar Resource Highest solar radiation in the southwest (7,000 to 7,500Whr/m 2 /day, Yearly sum 2700kWh/m 2 ) Lowest solar radiation in northwest and northeast (2,500Whr/m 2 /day) Abundant solar resource
9 California: Wind Resource Wind resource in the coastline of California Highest wind power density of W/m 2 and wind speed from 8.0 to 8.8 m/s. Wind resource varies greatly with locality
10 Denmark: Solar Resource Yearly sum in Jutland is between 925kWh/m 2-950kWh/m 2 Lolland has the highest solar radiation with more than 1000kWh/m 2 Less solar resource than California
11 Denmark: Wind Resource Abundant wind resource in the coastline. Speed > 10m/s, density > 510W/m 2 Wind resources vary Wind resources vary by location, but on average are high.
12 Batteries
13 Solar Cells
14 System Modeling using HOMER
15 Selected Components Bergey Excel-R (7.5 kw DC) Toyota Prius with OEMTek PHEV Kit (9 kwh) Photovoltaic (4 & 8 kw systems considered) Outback 3.6 kw inverter (stackable)
16 Initial Findings The PHEV Prius Battery is too small to balance the system. HOMER was unable to find a system utilizing only the Prius battery. 9 kwh of storage is not enough to balance the system in California or Denmark ~50 kwh battery capacity is needed to run the system (Tesla EV)
17 Implementation of a Renewable Energy Testbed at NASA Ames Set up solar tracker (1kW), wind turbine (400W), weather station, and complete test and measurement control room at NASA Ames Follow-on on proposal to add in fixed ground mount PV (2kW), electric vehicle energy storage (23kWh) and recharging station Funding from NSF to put the facility on-line for a remotely accessible renewable energy laboratory Plan to use testbed to create links with renewable energy industrial partners
18 Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA
19 Implementation of Testbed at NASA Ames N239 Rm 181
20 Site Considerations Reflection of sunlight off solar panels could blind pilots Impact of wind gusts on tracker panel Moving wind turbine could be mistaken for aircraft by air traffic control radar Building vibrations from roof mount wind turbine
21 PV Tracker Installation IV curve tracer Radiometers
22 Renewable Potential Maps
23 Wind Turbine Installation Anemomete r Hydrometer Data logging & communicatio ns
24 Predicted Wind Energy Production There isn t much wind in Mountain View! It s so calm you could probably land a blimp!
25 Initial System Configuration Solar panels and charge controller Wind turbine AC distribution panel Future grid- tie option AC In DC In DC disconnects DC In 1.8 kw Xantrex Power Hub for Energy Buffer
26 Future Energy Storage V2μG
27 Bi-Directional Battery Charger
28 Bidirectional Flow of Electricity Test setup with t-zero at University of Delaware
29 Myers Motors - NMG 15 kwh Li-ion 80 mph 45 Miles range 5 h full charging 1 person Regenerative Braking System
30 Green Vehicles - Triac 23 kwh Li-ion 80 mph 100 Miles range 5 h full charging 2 person Regenerative Braking System
31 Tesla Roadster 53 kwh Li-ion 125 mph 240 Miles range 4-6 h full charging 2 person Regenerative Braking System
32 Acknowledgements LoCal RE 2008 study group Electricity Grid using Localized Renewable Generation; Wind and Solar Power Balanced by Electric Vehicles Phil Chiu (UC Davis) Stig Hoegberg, Nan Qin and Jiang (DTU) Jeremy Hieb (UCSC) Rose Grymes, Wenonah Vercoutere, Lisa Witt, Steve Hinge, ASL Nima Mostafi, UC Santa Cruz Richard Inman, UC Merced Funding UARC Aligned Research Program BIN-RDI
33 RE Incentives Net metering Feed-in Tariffs Time of use metering Smart Meter Seasonal variations System size speculation
34 Home Microgrid
35 Home Microgrid
36 Home Nanogrid
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