Photon Counting Microdetectors and Applications: Retrospect and Prospect
|
|
- Marybeth Hopkins
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Sergio Cova IEEE-LEOS Distinguished Lecturer Politecnico di Milano DEI, Milano, Italy Photon Counting Microdetectors and Applications: Retrospect and Prospect Micro Photon Devices, Via Stradivari 4, Bolzano, Italy,
2 Biography - Dr. Sergio Cova Full professor of Electronics since Politecnico di Milano (POLIMI), Italy Author of over a hundred and seventy papers in international refereed journals and conferences and of five international patents (USA and Europe) Pioneered the development of Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPAD), inventing the active-quenching circuit (AQC). His research group developed AQCs in successive generations and was the first (and so far is the only one) to develop monolithic integrated AQCs. Contributed to diversified applications of photon-counting detectors: fluorescence measurements for DNA and protein analysis and single-molecule studies; characterization of optical fibers and laser; adaptive optics systems in telescopes; non-invasive testing of ULSI circuits; and others. In 2005 established with other colleagues of Politecnico di Milano the university spin-off company MPD Micro-Photon-Devices, intended for producing industrially and making widely available to experimenters the photon counting microdetectors developed in the research at POLIMI.
3 Outline Introduction: Single Photon (SP) Detection Micro-Detectors: Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPAD) and associated electronics Application Cases Conclusions and Outlook
4 Introduction: Single Photon (SP) Detection Why SP Detection How to Detect SP Why Solid-State SP Micro-Detectors
5 Electronic Noise impairs Detector Sensitivity DETECTOR LOAD ELECTRONICS Detector Signal QE 1 Photon 1 Electron Detector Noise (Primary Dark-Current) Electronic Noise: dominant!!
6 Overcoming the Electronic Noise Limit by Detecting SP DETECTOR LOAD ELECTRONICS Current Booster Process Detector Signal QE 1 Photon 1 Electron Detector Noise (Primary Dark-Current) Electronic Noise
7 Why Solid-State SP Micro-Detectors With respect to vacuum tube PhotoMultipliers (PMT) Typical microelectronic advantages: miniature size, low voltage, low power, rugged, reliable, suitable to integration, insensitive to magnetic fields and RF, etc. Improved basic performance: - inherently higher Photon Detection Efficiency over the Visible (V) and Infrared (IR) spectral range - comparable or lower noise (dark counting rate) - better photon timing
8 Micro-Detectors: Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) Devices and electronics SPAD Devices: Retrospect and Evolution From Device Physics to Detector Performance Active Quenching Circuit (AQC) SPADs for the Infrared Spectral Range
9 Current Booster Process in Micro-Detectors Avalanche multiplication of charge carriers by impact-ionization in reverse-biased p-n semiconductor junction can be either exploited in Linear amplifying mode Avalanche Photo Diodes APD or exploited in Trigger or Geiger Mode Single Photon Avalanche Diode SPAD
10 APD SPAD Avalanche PhotoDiode Single-Photon Avalanche Diode Bias: slightly BELOW breakdown Linear-mode: it s an AMPLIFIER Gain: limited < 1000 Bias: well ABOVE breakdown Geiger-mode: it s a TRIGGER device!! Gain: meaningless!!
11 SPAD Micro-Detectors: the Shockley Laboratory in early 60 s : Avalanche Physics Investigation Basic insight Model of behavior above Breakdown Single-Photon pulses observed, but application limited by device features and quenching circuit! R.Haitz, J.Appl.Phys. 35, 1370 (1964) and 36, 3123 (1965)
12 for SPAD operation to avoid local Breakdown, i.e. mandatory edge breakdown guard-ring feature microplasmas uniform area, no precipitates etc. but for good SPAD performance......further requirements!!
13 Earlier Silicon Diode Structures Haitz s planar diode McIntyre s reach-through diode Thin SPAD Thick SPAD
14 PoliMi Si-SPAD PKI* Si-SPAD (SLIKTM ) Planar epitaxial structure typical active region: 10 to 100 µm diameter 1 µm thick Reach-Trough structure typical active region: 190 µm diameter 30 µm thick *Perkin Elmer Optoelectronics
15 Dark-Counting Rate (primary noise) Free Carrier Generation Generation - Recombination Centers Field-Assisted Generation
16 Carrier Trapping and Delayed Release Afterpulsing NB: minority carrier traps!!
17 Trapping and Afterpulsing lower temperature lower generation rate slower trap release hence primary dark-counting rate is reduced but afterpulsing is enhanced!! S.Cova, A.Lacaita, G.Ripamonti, IEEE Electron.Dev.Lett. 12, 685 (1991)
18 Low Detector Noise For low dark-counting rate Reduce GR center concentration Reduce Field-assisted generation For low afterpulsing probability Reduce deep level concentration (minority carrier traps) Reduce trapping and retriggering probability - Technology issues and device design issues - Wide sensitive area requires efficient gettering!!
19 Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) Carrier Photogeneration And Avalanche Triggering!! higher excess bias voltage for higher PDE!! W.Oldham, P.Samuelson, P.Antognetti, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices ED-19, 1056 (1972)
20 Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE)
21 PDE - Detector Comparison Quantum efficiency, QE % Planar SPAD PerkinElmer C S25 PMT S1 PMT Wavelength nm
22 Photon Timing
23 Photon Timing: Diffusion Tail carrier diffusion in neutral layer delay to avalanche triggering G.Ripamonti and S.Cova, Sol. State Electronics 28, 925 (1985)
24 Photon Timing: main peak width Statistical Fluctuations in the Avalanche Vertical Build-up (minor contribution) Lateral Propagation (major contribution) - via Multiplication-assisted diffusion A. Lacaita, M.Mastrapasqua et al, APL 57, 489 and El.Lett. 26, 2053 (1990) - via Photon-assisted propagation P.P.Webb, R.J.McIntyre RCA Eng. 27-3, 96 (1982); A.Lacaita et al, APL 62, 606 (1993)
25 Avalanche Lateral Propagation Multiplicationassisted Photon-assisted higher excess bias voltage improved time-resolution A. Spinelli, A. Lacaita, IEEE TED 44, 1931 (1997)
26 Photon Timing: SLIK TM reach-trough structure H.Dautet,..., R.J. McIntyre and P. Webb, Appl.Opt. 32, 3894 (1993)
27 Photon Timing: planar Epitaxial structure neutral p layer thickness w tail lifetime τ = w 2 / π 2 D n A.Lacaita, M.Ghioni, S.Cova, Electron. Lett. Electron.Lett. 25, 841 (1989)
28 Photon Timing comparison PerkinElmer SPCM, SLIK TM diode Planar SPAD
29 Reach-Through SLIK TM diode QE: Dark Counts: 150 c/s FWHM: > 300ps Reach-Trough structure Typical active region: 200 µm diameter High voltage : 300 to 400V High dissipation Delicate and degradable Dedicated technology, high cost NOT COMPATIBLE with array detector and integrated circuits H.Dautet et al, Appl.Opt. 32, 3894 (1994)
30 Planar Single Photon Avalanche Diodes Planar structure typical active region: µm diameter Good QE and low noise Picosecond timing Low voltage : 15 to 40V Low power : cooling not necessary Standard Si substrate Planar fabrication process COMPATIBLE with array detector and integrated circuits Robust and reliable Low-cost A.Lacaita, M.Ghioni, S.Cova, Electron.Lett. 25, 841 (1989)
31 PoliMi Si SPAD Good QE and low noise Picosecond photon timing Low voltage : 15 to 40V Low power : cooler not necessary Standard Si substrate Planar fabrication process COMPATIBLE with array detector and IC s Robust and rugged Low-cost NEW COMMERCIAL SOURCE Reach-Through Si SPAD (SLIK TM ) Very good QE and low noise Sub-nanosecond photon timing High voltage : 300 to 400V High dissipation : Peltier cooler mandatory Ultra-pure high-resistivity Si substrate Dedicated fabrication process NOT COMPATIBLE with array detector and IC s Delicate and degradable Very expensive SINGLE COMMERCIAL SOURCE
32 Active Quenching Circuit (AQC) Micro Photon Devices, Via Stradivari 4, Bolzano, Italy,
33 Passive quenching is simple... Current Pulses Diode Voltage but suffers from long, not well defined deadtime low max counting rate < 100kc/s photon timing spread et al
34 Active quenching....provides: short, well-defined deadtime high counting rate > 1 Mc/s good photon timing standard logic output Output Pulses P.Antognetti, S.Cova, A.Longoni, IEEE Ispra Nucl.El.Symp. (1975), Euratom Publ. EUR 5370e
35 Active Quenching Evolution Earlier modules in the 80 s Compact modules in the 90 s Integrated AQC today
36 iaqc: integrated Active Quenching Circuit Practical advantages Miniaturization mini-module detectors Low-Power Consumption portable modules Rugged and Reliable Plus improved performance Reduced Capacitance Improved Photon Timing Reduced Avalanche Charge Reduced Afterpulsing Reduced Photoemission reduced crosstalk in arrays F.Zappa, S.Cova, M.Ghioni, US patent 6,541,752 B2, 2003 (prior. March 9, 2000)
37 Signal pick-up for improved photon-timing 150 Tim e res olution FW H M (ps) µm active area diameter Avalanche current sensing at very low level (< 100 µa) Can be added to any AQC Threshold voltage (mv) S.Cova, M.Ghioni, F.Zappa, US patent No. 6,384,663 B2, 2002 (prior. March 9, 2000)
38 Recent advancement Wide active-area SPAD 100µm diameter 35 ps FWHM resolution at room temperature
39 Single Photon Counting & Timing Module Planar SPAD detector + iaqc + Timing pick-off network Compact and userfriendly Photon Detector Module (PDM)
40 SPAD Chip and Detector Module Silicon Chip Photon Detector Module
41 Easy to use Robust and Rugged Low power consumption Low cost Less than 50ps timing resolution Large area, up to 100µm diameter Photon Detection efficiency, 532nm, 5V overvoltage
42 Comparison of Technology Technology Comparison Parameter SPAD & AQ circuit (MPD Technology) Integrated SPAD & passive quench Reach-Through SPAD Units Detector Diameter 20 to to µm Photon Detection 400nm nm nm Dark Counts 20um 50um 100um 250 typ (uncooled) 100 max (cooled) 1000 max (cooled) 50 max (cooled) 200 max (cooled) NA <100 Timing Resolution < ps After Pulsing 0.5 typ, 1.5 max 3 max 0.5 typ % Ma x Continuous Counting Rate 15 11,5 15 Mcps Arra y development Monolithic arrays possible, Monolithic arrays possible. 60 element array demonstrated. Large area arrays possible Monolithic arrays not possible Limited to pixel with small pixels - TBD. arrays. MPD s photon counting module offer the best performance when fast timing resolution is required. cps MPD s technology provides Superior detection efficiency from 400 to 600nm
43 SPADs for the Infrared Spectral Range Micro Photon Devices, Via Stradivari 4, Bolzano, Italy,
44 Germanium SPAD devices Similar to silicon devices, but deep cooling mandatory (liquid nitrogen and lower) absorption edge shifts below low temperature strong trapping effects strong field-assisted generation effects static situation of technology A.Lacaita, P.A.Francese, F.Zappa, S.Cova, Appl.Opt. 33, 6902 (1994)
45 InGaAs-InP SPAD devices
46 Photon 1550nm Dark counting rate vs. various overvoltages Dark counting rate vs. hold-off various temperatures Counts (cps) 7x10 3 6x10 3 5x10 3 4x10 3 3x10 3 2x10 3 1x10 3 FWHM=65ps T = 200 K Detection Efficiency vs. various temperatures Time [ns] Timing Resolution Data obtained using Princeton Lightwave InGaAs SPADs
47 InGaAs-InP SPAD devices Complex device structure with heterojunctions Moderately deep cooling required (up to about 220K) Strong field-assisted generation effects Very strong trapping effects with very long release time Free-running operation with long deadtime (> 100micros) In practice limited to fast-gated operation Technology in evolution A.Lacaita, F.Zappa, S.Cova, P.Lovati, Appl.Opt. 35, 2986 (1996)
48 Application Cases Micro Photon Devices, Via Stradivari 4, Bolzano, Italy,
49 Outline Microsystems for Genetic Analysis Single Molecule Spectroscopy Adaptive Optic Systems Non-Invasive Testing of ULSI Circuits Quantum Cryptography (QKD)
50 Microsystems for DNA analysis Current trend system miniaturization minimal sample quantity low cost of operation Ultra high sensitivity required to the detector Valid for both Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) separation and Microarrays of DNA and Proteins
51 Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) for DNA fragment separation and analysis Electropherogram Intensity (a.u.) Time (min) DNA Fragment separation
52 Micro-Chip Electrophoresis (MCE) Injection Separation laser 8 cm
53 Looking inside the MCE apparatus... Compact & low-cost set-up with: Fully automated operation Laser diode excitation of fluorescence Controlled chip temperature Dual wavelength detection Dual HV power supply (0-5kV) Confocal optical sche me Remote control Problem debug via internet
54 ...with a closer look to the Micro-Chip Holder
55 DNA fragment separation: MCE vs CE Separation of DNA fragments micro-sample in MCE set-up (100 s time scale) Separation of DNA fragments macroscopic sample in ordinary CE set-up (50 min time scale)
56 Sensitivity attained in MCE Static measure 5ng/ul 0,5ng/ul 0,05ng/ul C ounts [c /s] pM oligonucleotide labelled with CY 5 S/N= Time [Sec.] CE Separation in glass microchip run buffer: TAPS-TRIS 100mM ph 8.5. Sample : 23 mer oligonucleotide labelled with CY 5 Detection S/N=3 : 1pM corresponds to < 30 molecules in the injection volume of 50pL
57 Microarrays An array is an orderly arrangement of probes with known identity which are used to determine complementary targets
58 DNA Microarrays vs Protein Microarrays DNA Microarrays: Very High number of spots > Sample Amplification by PCR Protein Microarrays: Moderate number of spots < 100 NO sample Amplification
59 SPAD Matrix Detector
60 High-Sensitivity Parallel Detection Basic goals - reduction of the acquisition time - miniaturization, lower system cost Photon Counting in Parallel FCS measurements in life sciences Single photon spectroscopy Adaptive optics in astronomy Photon Timing in Fluorescence lifetime imaging 3-D imaging with millimeter resolution
61 6x8 SPAD Matrix Detector 50 µm pixel diameter 240 µm pitch 4 interleaved sectors including 12 pixels with common anode sector 1 sector 2 sector 3 sector 4
62 2-D photon counting module Single pixel addressing 12 AQCs in parallel 20 bit counters Peltier cooling with digital temperature control Single bias supply (5V) Remote Full Control through USB port
63 2-D photon counting module Size 20cm x 8cm x 4cm
64 Single Molecule Spectroscopy Micro Photon Devices, Via Stradivari 4, Bolzano, Italy,
65 Single Molecule Spectroscopy Measurement on single molecules, not ensemble average Real-time measurement of molecule evolution Informations on the molecule dynamics Focus on molecules of biological interest : proteins FRET : Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Nano-scale structural changes in single protein molecules
66 Idea of Sunney Xie and Haw Yang* (Harvard University): to probe Single-Molecule Protein Dynamics by a correlation analysis of fluctuations in real time of fluorescent photon delay with respect to laser excitation * H. Yang, G. Luo, P. Karnchanaphanurach, T.M. Louie, I. Rech, S.Cova, L. Xun, and X. Sunney Xie, SCIENCE ( 2003)
67 Single Photon Timing Module SPTM Compact (82x60x30mm) Single power supply (+15V) Controlled Temperature (Peltier cell) Software controlled settings On-board fast counters RS-232 data transmission I.Rech et al., IEEE J. of Sel. Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol.10, 788 (2004)
68 SPTM performance in the Harvard set-up Time-resolution: 60ps Dark Counts: down to 5 c/s Quantum Efficiency: 500nm Instrumental Response Function (IRF) with SPTM and with PerkinElmer SPCM
69 Single Molecule Fluorescent Decay Single Fre FAD complex measured with SPTM (line). with PerkinElmer SPCM (circles) the shortest lifetime components are not resolved
70 Adaptive Optics Systems Micro Photon Devices, Via Stradivari 4, Bolzano, Italy,
71 STRAP Adaptive-Optics System of the VLT Observatory (Chile) European Southern Observatory - ESO D.Bonaccini et al, Proc. SPIE Vol. 3126, p , Adaptive Optics and Applications; R.K.Tyson, R.Q.Fugate Eds., 1997 STRAP = System for Tip-tilt Removal with Avalanche Photodiodes collaboration: ESO - Microgate - PoliMi
72 Hybrid Quad- SPAD detector 2x2 lenslet array Spacer Ceramic Centering Ceramic 4 SPAD PerkinElmer SLIK Peltier 4 hybrid AQC 4 E 2 PROM
73 New development: Monolithic Quad- SPAD detector STRAP compatible geometry 100µm, 80µm, 50µm pixel diameter
74 New development: SPADA Wavefront Sensor SPADA: Single Photon Avalanche Diode Array collaboration PoliMi, IMM-CNR Bologna, UniPisa, Osservatorio di Catania, ESO F. Zappa, S.Tisa, P.Maccagnani, D.Bonaccini Calia, G.Bonanno, R.Saletti "Pushing Technologies: Single Photon Avalanche Diode Arrays" Proc. SPIE Vol. 5490, p , Advancements in Adaptive Optics; D. Bonaccini Calia, B.L. Ellerbroek, R. Ragazzoni Ed.s, 2004
75 SPADA Chip Layout 60 element array with circular geometry plug-in compatible with MACAO 4 sets of pixels 20µm 50µm 75µm 35µm
76 SPADA detector head
77 SPADA Opto-Mechanical System Heptagon MACAO lenslet array WaveFront microlenses array microspheres held by ceramic holder SPADA sensor Peltier cooling stage No fibre coupling: higher reliability, lower losses, ruggedness, compatibility
78 SPADA system for AT SPADA Top metalic plate Detection Board USB RS232 2 SCSI cables (68 wires each) Interlock Gate Power supply cable (7 wires) power supply Mains (230V ac) re mote Computer MACAO equipment (by ESO) Seamless compatible with ESO MACAO sensor (electronics & optomechanical interfaces designed for CALDO and originally for AT-MACAO)
79 Detection board from the SPADA sensor Detection electronic board iaqc iaqc iaqc iaqc gate hold-off duration diff.out diff.out diff.out diff.out diff. SCSI connector 68 pin SCSI connector 68 pin Gate In SMC to Data-Procesing Electronics or to MACAO equipment Operates the 60 SPADs through 60 iaqcs Outputs 60 channels differential lines directly to MACAO Controls SPADA settings Peltier e TermoR V high Peltier Controller Common anode supply T.meas T.set inter lock gate interlock µc Linear regulator -10V...-24V driver diff. overvoltage setting USB RS232 to Data-Processing board Interlock SMC Power supplies to remote computer of MACAO equipment +5V +12V -24V gnd +12VPeltier gndpeltier temperature, overvoltage, hold-off, gating Controls gates & interlocks Sends data directly to MACAO Sends data to Processing Board for stand-alone operation
80 AO Curvature Sensor and LGS layer sensing mode to Detection board from AO equipment from Data-Procesing Electronics SCSI connector 68 pin SCSI connector 68 pin Gate Out SMC Gate In SMC Ck diff. diff. 1 st A counter Enable Enable Ck 1 st B counter Enable Data Bus Shift Register Processing: A-B A+B Data shift clock FireWire for dat a uploading Curvature WaveFront Sensor Local Mode Operation On Board Curvature Signal computation possible to Detection board from AO equipment to AO equipment from AO equipment Membrane Load 4Ω 4W to Detection board +5V +12V -24V gnd +12VPeltier gndpeltier Interlock In SMC Interlock Out SMC LaserSynch In SMC LaserSynch Out SMC Sin. Out LEMO Power supplies Output GND diff. diff. diff. diff. Audio ampl. Timing and control logic 8bit sine peak Sine Generator 16bit sine table Power-supply for Detection board driver Power-supply for Data-Processing board FireWire for settings downloading RS232 to Detection board Mains 230V ac 3 km vertical resolution Sine wave generation for membrane mirror In/Out Synchronizations with pulsed laser Fast FireWire uploading
81 Fast Transient Phenomena from Data-Procesing Electronics SCSI connector 68 pin SCSI connecto r 6 8 pin Ck 1 st Counter Latch Enable Ck Ck 60 th Counter Latch Enable Ck Shift Register Shift Register Time slots: 10µs-100ms Measurement time: Time Windows: Enable Data Bus Data shift clock No blind-slots to Detection board from AO equipment Gate Out SMC Gate In SMC diff. diff. Timing and control logic FireWire FireWire for data uploading for settings downloading to Detection board from AO equipment to Detection board +5V +12V -24V gnd +12VPeltier gndpeltier Interlock In SMC Interlock Out SMC Power supplies diff. diff. driver Power-supply for Data-Processing board Power-supply for Detection board RS232 to Detection board Mains 230V ac Fast FireWire uploading
82 Fast Transient Imaging 10µsec-100msec i.t. Time tagging Continuos streaming Firewire link 12 bit data Experiment done at 20 kframe/s Pixels are illuminated by 1ms-period saw-tooth modulated light
83 Non-Invasive Testing of ULSI Circuits Micro Photon Devices, Via Stradivari 4, Bolzano, Italy,
84 Spontaneous Photon Emission in MOSFET Bulk p+ p Source n+ S Gate ox G hν Photon Emission Drain D hot-carriers High Electric Field Impact Ionization (Substrate current)
85 Light emission from CMOS inverters V IN V DD p-fet I S V OUT n-fet ph Arbitrary Units V OUT N PH I S V IN Time [ns]
86 Non-invasive Testing of Integrated Circuits Imaging detector locates e mitting MOSFETs Input objective hν SPAD Focusing objective (Timing detector) marks arrival time of single photons Photon Counts (a.u.) Photons emitted by MOSFET Clock IN Data Out 1.9 ns 2 ns Time [ns]
87 Single-Inverter transition Measured with SPAD Measured with PMT Counts (a.u.) FWHM = 50ps FWHM=250ps Time [ns] F. Stellari et al, IEEE TED 48, 2830 (2001) J.C. Tsang et al., APL 70, 889 (1997)
88 Test example on a real circuit Transistor localization on the schematic and on the layout (LSM image) p-fet n-fet Laser Scanning Microscope (LSM) Spontaneous luminescence pulses synchronous with MOSFET switching Photon counts (a.u.) pfet nfet 28.3ps Time [ns]
89 Example of defect localization by measuring dynamic waveforms Faulty Inverter Photon counts (a.u.) Photon counts (a.u.) Faulty Inverter Good Inverter Time [ns] Time [ns]
90 Spatial Resolution microscope objectives 50x 5x single inverter teleobjective many inverters wide angle
91 Fast Ring Oscillator cycle-time 32 Counts (a.u.) x Time [ns] on-chp device ECL comparator ring oscillator counte r 32 1kΩ Electronics
92 Quantum Cryptography (QKD) Micro Photon Devices, Via Stradivari 4, Bolzano, Italy,
93 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) principle
94 QKD system in free space transmission
95 QKD system in fibre transmission
96 Conclusions and Prospect - 1 SPADs in planar epitaxial Silicon technology offer high performance at low-cost; further improvements are under way (wider area SPAD; array detectors...) Monolithic iaqcs open the way to miniaturized modules (down to the chip scale) Remarkable results obtained in diversified applications: DNA and Protein Analysis; Single-Molecule Spectroscopy; Wavefront Sensors in Adaptive Optics; etc. The technology for infrared-sensitive SPAD devices is in evolution: significant progress may be expected in the near future
97 Conclusions and Prospect - 2 Results of decades of research made widely available by a new spinoff company
98 PoliMi Staff 2005 COVA, S. Full Professor GHIONI, M. Full Professor ZAPPA, F. Associate Professor RECH, I. Assistant Professor LABANCA, I. Research Associate GALLIVANONI, A. Research Associate TOSI, A. Post-Doc TISA, S. Ph.D. Student RESTELLI, A. Ph.D. Student GULINATTI, A. Ph.D. Student
99 Acknowledgments IMM-CNR, Bologna (I) - P. Maccagnani, A. Poggi, S. Solmi, M. Severi ICRM-CNR, Milano (I) - M. Chiari, M. Cretich ESO (D) D. Bonaccini Calia MICROGATE, Bolzano (I) - R. Biasi, A. Giudice HARVARD University (MA, USA) - X. Sunney Xie, H. Yang, G. Luo IBM Central Research (NY, USA) - J.C. Tsang, M. Mc Manus Heriot Watt Uni (UK) - G. Buller, S. Pellegrini, K. Gordon, V. Fernandez
100 MPD Company Overview Micro Photon Devices, Via Stradivari 4, Bolzano, Italy,
101 Vision and Markets Build a business that is the leader in Photon Counting Technologies by: Providing quality and reliable modules at a reasonable price. Attention to customer requirements Further developing the technology: ie: APD arrays, Higher efficiency in the red, 1550nm detection, APD+ASIC processing and tube technology. Markets Served: Universities, R&D facilities, Small OEM s Astronomy Adaptive Optics Biomedical DNA and Drug discovery, Confocal Microscopes, Particle Sizing. Quantum Cryptography InGaAs APD Custom applications
102 MPD Company Overview Electronic workshop Class clean room for integration Inventory and Production management 21 employees (with parent company Microgate Srl) 1350 square meters of area ISO certification in progress Close collaboration with state-of-the-art Silicon foundry PoliMi - Politecnico di Milano, DEI IEEE - LEOS DL 2005
103 Silicon Foundry Overview Permanent Staff: 49 Short Term Staff: 5 Associated Researchers: 30 Class 100 clean area (250 square meters) Pilot line for fabrication of devices and IC s in 4 silicon wafer Technological processes with high flexibility Consolidated know-how in Si device technology Si-micromachining and Si anodization
104 Management and Technical Team Roberto Biasi, CEO Micro-Photon-Device PhD in Aerospace Engineering at Politecnico di Milano in As founder and active partner of Microgate S.r.l., he has been involved as reaserch engineer and project manager in several leading projects in adaptive optics and telescope design, like MMT and LBT adaptive secondaries, ALMA antenna control system and STRAP, a tip-tilt adaptive optics control system based on Single Photon Avalanche Diodes. With this project he entered the field of photon counting and established a collaboration with the research team leaded by Prof.Cova at Politecnico di Milano. This collaboration brought to the foundation of Micro Photon De vices, a spin-off company spe cialized in production of single photon counting module s. Sergio Cova, CTO Micro-Photon-Device, Founder Born in 1938, doctor degree in Nuclear Engineering in 1962 at Politecnico di Milano, Italy, where he is Full Professor of Electronics since Fellow of the IEEE. Author of over a hundred and seventy papers in international refereed journals and conferences and of four international patents (US and Europe). He has given innovative contributions to research and development of photon detectors and associated electronics, nuclear electronics, microelectronic devices and circuits, electronic and optoelectronic measurement instrumentation and systems. He pioneered the development of Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes SPAD; he invented the Active-Quenching Circuit AQC, which opened the way to their application, and developed it up to monolithic integrated form; he devised and experimented new SPAD devices in silicon and in germanium and III-V semiconductors, thus pioneering the extension of photon counting techniques to the infrared spectral range. He collaborated to interdisciplinary research in physics, astronomy, cytology and DNA and protein analysis, developing dedicated electronic and optoele ctronic de vices and instrumentation. Massimo Ghioni, Technical Advisor, Founder Born in 1962, doctor degree in Nuclear Engineering in 1987 at Politecnico di Milano, Italy, where he is Full Professor of Electronics since He designed and experimented in his thesis work the first silicon Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes SPAD devices with epitaxial structure, demonstrating their picosecond photon timing performance. Visiting scientist in 1992 at the IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA, he developed a new CMOS compatible SOI photodetector for optical datacom applications. His current research interests are focused on the development of SPAD detectors and associated electronics for new microanalytical techniques in biomedical, genetic and diagnostic applications. He has worked in several leading research programs in international collaboration with universities, public bodies and high technology industries, such as Harvard University, USA; Heriot-Watt University, UK; ESO European Southern Observatory; Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany; IBH, Glasgow, UK; Edinburgh Instruments, UK. He has published over eighty papers in international peer-reviewed journals and proceedings of international conferences and he is co-author of six US and European patents. Franco Zappa, Technical Advisor, Founder Born in Ph.D. in Electronics and Communications in 1993 at Politecnico di Milano, Italy, where he is Associate Professor of Electronics since His research interests are the design of single-photon avalanche photodiodes and related electronics for visible and near-infrared wavelength ranges, the design of photodetector arrays for imaging, and the non-invasive testing of VLSI circuits exploiting spontaneous hot-carrier luminescence emission. In 1994 he pioneered the first monolithic electronics for single-photon detection, designing the first integrated prototype ever reported in literature. He has published over sixty papers in international peer-reviewed journals and proceedings of international conferences and he is co-author of three US and European patents.
105 Product Portfolio Single photon counting modules with ultra-fast timing resolution and high photon detection efficiency. Active Quenching module which can be used with other SPAD s, for instance: InGaAs, HgCdTe and Silicon devices Custom modules and arrays can be developed using MPD s proprietary silicon SPAD devices and iaqc circuits
106 Summary of Capabilities MPD has a solid understanding of Photon Counting. Sergio Cova and his team have been working on Photon Counting for over 25 years, and have developed leading IP in active quenching and SPAD technology. MPD has developed a strong relationship with a state-of of-art Silicon Foundry. This will ensure a steady supply of SPAD s, and continuous improvements in SPAD performance. MPD has the infrastructure to be a solid OEM supplier and work closely with it s customers to develop custom solutions
Evolution and Prospect of Single-Photon
S. Cova, M. Ghioni, A. Lotito, F. Zappa Evolution and Prospect of Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes and Quenching Circuits Politecnico di Milano, Dip. Elettronica e Informazione, Milano, Italy Outline Introduction
More information(Amplifying) Photo Detectors: Avalanche Photodiodes Silicon Photomultiplier
(Amplifying) Photo Detectors: Avalanche Photodiodes Silicon Photomultiplier (no PiN and pinned Diodes) Peter Fischer P. Fischer, ziti, Uni Heidelberg, Seite 1 Overview Reminder: Classical Photomultiplier
More informationAvalanche Photodiodes: A User's Guide
!"#$%& Abstract Avalanche Photodiodes: A User's Guide Avalanche photodiode detectors have and will continue to be used in many diverse applications such as laser range finders and photon correlation studies.
More informationSilicon Drift Detector Product Brochure Update 2013
Silicon Drift Detector Product Brochure Update 2013 Content Classic Silicon Drift Detector High Resolution Silicon Drift Detector Multielement Silicon Detector Extra Large Detector Series July 2013 About
More informationCompany presentation. Closed Joint Stock Company Superconducting nanotechnology SCONTEL
Company presentation Closed Joint Stock Company Superconducting nanotechnology SCONTEL 1 About us SCONTEL was founded in 2004 as a spinoff of the Radio-Physics Research&Education Center (RPhREC) (group
More informationGeiger-mode avalanche photodiodes, history, properties and problems
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 567 (26) 48 56 www.elsevier.com/locate/nima Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes, history, properties and problems D. Renker Paul Scherrer Institute,
More informationLynX TM Silicon Photomultiplier Module - LynX-A-33-050-T1-A User Guide Understanding Silicon Photomultiplier Module for improving system performance
Application Notes User Guide Photon Detection LynX TM Silicon Photomultiplier Module - LynX-A-33-050-T1-A User Guide Understanding Silicon Photomultiplier Module for improving system performance Overview
More informationSingle Photon Counting Module COUNT -Series
Description Laser Components COUNT series of s has been developed to offer a unique combination of high photon detection efficiency, wide dynamic range and ease of use for photon counting applications.
More informationSpectral Measurement Solutions for Industry and Research
Spectral Measurement Solutions for Industry and Research Hamamatsu Photonics offers a comprehensive range of products for spectroscopic applications, covering the, Visible and Infrared regions for Industrial,
More informationScientific Exchange Program
Scientific Exchange Program Electrical characterization of photon detectors based on acoustic charge transport Dr. Paulo Santos, Paul Drude Institute, Berlin,Germany Dr. Pablo Diniz Batista, Brazilian
More informationTIME-CORRELATED single-photon counting (TCSPC)
IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, VOL. 34, NO. 5, MAY 1998 817 Avalanche Detector with Ultraclean Response for Time-Resolved Photon Counting Alessandro Spinelli, Massimo A. Ghioni, Member, IEEE, Sergio
More informationRecent developments in high bandwidth optical interconnects. Brian Corbett. www.tyndall.ie
Recent developments in high bandwidth optical interconnects Brian Corbett Outline Introduction to photonics for interconnections Polymeric waveguides and the Firefly project Silicon on insulator (SOI)
More informationRobert G. Hunsperger. Integrated Optics. Theory and Technology. Fourth Edition. With 195 Figures and 17 Tables. Springer
Robert G. Hunsperger Integrated Optics Theory and Technology Fourth Edition With 195 Figures and 17 Tables Springer Contents 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Advantages of Integrated Optics 2 1.1.1 Comparison of
More informationAvalanche photodiode A User Guide Understanding Avalanche photodiode for improving system performance
Avalanche photodiode A User Guide Understanding Avalanche photodiode for improving system performance High performance sensors Introduction Avalanche photodiode detectors (APD) have and will continue to
More informationDesign and Test of Fast Laser Driver Circuits
Design and Test of Fast Laser Driver Circuits Since the invention of the laser by Theodore H Maiman 50 years ago, lasers have found widespread applications in various technological fields, such as telecommunications,
More informationFiber Optics and Liquid Level Sensors Line Guide
Fiber Optics and Liquid Level Sensors Line Guide Excellence, through every fiber. Honeywell Sensing and Control (S&C) offers fiber optic sensors manufactured with SERCOS (Serial Real-time Communication
More informationReal-world applications of intense light matter interaction beyond the scope of classical micromachining.
Dr. Lukas Krainer lk@onefive.com CEO Real-world applications of intense light matter interaction beyond the scope of classical micromachining. 1 Management & Company Company Based in Zürich, Switzerland
More informationISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI FISICA NUCLEARE
ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI FISICA NUCLEARE Sezione di Catania INFN/TC-11/02 February 28, 2011 PRELIMINARY TESTS OF A SCINTILLATOR-BASED MINI-STATION FOR EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS MEASUREMENTS S.Aiola 1, P. La Rocca
More informationNTE2053 Integrated Circuit 8 Bit MPU Compatible A/D Converter
NTE2053 Integrated Circuit 8 Bit MPU Compatible A/D Converter Description: The NTE2053 is a CMOS 8 bit successive approximation Analog to Digital converter in a 20 Lead DIP type package which uses a differential
More informationCharged cable event. 1 Goal of the ongoing investigation. 2 Energy sources for the CDE. Content
Charged cable event David Pommerenke, david_pommerenke@hp.com, 916 785 4550 Last update: Feb.23, 2001 Content Goal Energy sources, which may lead to CDE. Complexity of the different discharge modes. Possible
More informationIt has long been a goal to achieve higher spatial resolution in optical imaging and
Nano-optical Imaging using Scattering Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy Fehmi Yasin, Advisor: Dr. Markus Raschke, Post-doc: Dr. Gregory Andreev, Graduate Student: Benjamin Pollard Department of Physics,
More informationMRF175GU MRF175GV The RF MOSFET Line 200/150W, 500MHz, 28V
Designed for broadband commercial and military applications using push pull circuits at frequencies to 500 MHz. The high power, high gain and broadband performance of these devices makes possible solid
More informationproduct overview pco.edge family the most versatile scmos camera portfolio on the market pioneer in scmos image sensor technology
product overview family the most versatile scmos camera portfolio on the market pioneer in scmos image sensor technology scmos knowledge base scmos General Information PCO scmos cameras are a breakthrough
More informationIndirect X-ray photon counting image sensor with 27T pixels and 15 electrons RMS accurate threshold
Indirect X-ray photon counting image sensor with 27T pixels and 15 electrons RMS accurate threshold B. Dierickx 1,2, B. Dupont 1,3, A. Defernez 1, N. Ahmed 1 1 Caeleste, Antwerp, Belgium 2 Vrije Universiteit
More informationApplication Note AN1
TAKING INVENTIVE STEPS IN INFRARED. MINIATURE INFRARED GAS SENSORS GOLD SERIES UK Patent App. No. 799A USA Patent App. No. 9/78,7 World Patents Pending SENSOR OVERVIEW Application Note AN The Dynament
More informationHCF4056B BCD TO 7 SEGMENT DECODER /DRIVER WITH STROBED LATCH FUNCTION
BCD TO 7 SEGMENT DECODER /DRIVER WITH STROBED LATCH FUNCTION QUIESCENT CURRENT SPECIF. UP TO 20V OPERATION OF LIQUID CRYSTALS WITH CMOS CIRCUITS PROVIDES ULTRA LOW POWER DISPLAY. EQUIVALENT AC OUTPUT DRIVE
More informationImplementation of Short Reach (SR) and Very Short Reach (VSR) data links using POET DOES (Digital Opto- electronic Switch)
Implementation of Short Reach (SR) and Very Short Reach (VSR) data links using POET DOES (Digital Opto- electronic Switch) Summary POET s implementation of monolithic opto- electronic devices enables the
More informationData Sheet. HFBR-0600Z Series SERCOS Fiber Optic Transmitters and Receivers
HFBR-0600Z Series SERCOS Fiber Optic Transmitters and Receivers Data Sheet SERCOS SERCOS is a SErial Realtime COmmunication System, a standard digital interface for communication between controls and drives
More informationHigh gain and low excess noise near infrared single photon avalanche detector
High gain and low excess noise near infrared single photon avalanche detector Krishna Linga, Yuriy Yevtukhov and Bing Liang Amplification Technologies Inc 1400 Coney Island Ave, New York NY 11230 linga@amplificationtechnologies.com
More informationHigh Resolution Spatial Electroluminescence Imaging of Photovoltaic Modules
High Resolution Spatial Electroluminescence Imaging of Photovoltaic Modules Abstract J.L. Crozier, E.E. van Dyk, F.J. Vorster Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Electroluminescence (EL) is a useful
More informationAMPLIFIED HIGH SPEED FIBER PHOTODETECTOR USER S GUIDE
AMPLIFIED HIGH SPEED FIBER PHOTODETECTOR USER S GUIDE Thank you for purchasing your Amplified High Speed Fiber Photodetector. This user s guide will help answer any questions you may have regarding the
More informationRecording the Instrument Response Function of a Multiphoton FLIM System
Recording the Instrument Response Function of a Multiphoton FLIM System Abstract. FLIM data analysis in presence of SHG signals or extremely fast decay components requires the correct instrument response
More informationTIMING-DRIVEN PHYSICAL DESIGN FOR DIGITAL SYNCHRONOUS VLSI CIRCUITS USING RESONANT CLOCKING
TIMING-DRIVEN PHYSICAL DESIGN FOR DIGITAL SYNCHRONOUS VLSI CIRCUITS USING RESONANT CLOCKING BARIS TASKIN, JOHN WOOD, IVAN S. KOURTEV February 28, 2005 Research Objective Objective: Electronic design automation
More informationHow to Design and Build a Building Network
Logo azienda/università BC1 Le tecnologie Elettroniche e Informatiche al servizio della gestione energetica Enrico Sangiorgi Workshop Diapositiva 1 BC1 inserire i propri riferimenti Nome e Cognome relatore
More informationDiscontinued. LUXEON V Portable. power light source. Introduction
Preliminary Technical Datasheet DS40 power light source LUXEON V Portable Introduction LUXEON is a revolutionary, energy efficient and ultra compact new light source, combining the lifetime and reliability
More informationClocking. Figure by MIT OCW. 6.884 - Spring 2005 2/18/05 L06 Clocks 1
ing Figure by MIT OCW. 6.884 - Spring 2005 2/18/05 L06 s 1 Why s and Storage Elements? Inputs Combinational Logic Outputs Want to reuse combinational logic from cycle to cycle 6.884 - Spring 2005 2/18/05
More informationBasic principles and mechanisms of NSOM; Different scanning modes and systems of NSOM; General applications and advantages of NSOM.
Lecture 16: Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM) Background of NSOM; Basic principles and mechanisms of NSOM; Basic components of a NSOM; Different scanning modes and systems of NSOM; General
More informationSingle Mode Fiber Lasers
Single Mode Fiber Lasers for Industrial and Scientific Applications T h e P o w e r t o T r a n s f o r m T M IPG s Single Mode Fiber Lasers Advantages IPG's YLR-SM Series represents a break-through generation
More informationFiber Optics: Engineering from Global to Nanometer Dimensions
Fiber Optics: Engineering from Global to Nanometer Dimensions Prof. Craig Armiento Fall 2003 1 Optical Fiber Communications What is it? Transmission of information using light over an optical fiber Why
More informationInternational Journal of Electronics and Computer Science Engineering 1482
International Journal of Electronics and Computer Science Engineering 1482 Available Online at www.ijecse.org ISSN- 2277-1956 Behavioral Analysis of Different ALU Architectures G.V.V.S.R.Krishna Assistant
More informationPhotonic Networks for Data Centres and High Performance Computing
Photonic Networks for Data Centres and High Performance Computing Philip Watts Department of Electronic Engineering, UCL Yury Audzevich, Nick Barrow-Williams, Robert Mullins, Simon Moore, Andrew Moore
More informationAND8229/D. An Introduction to Transient Voltage Suppression Devices APPLICATION NOTE
An Introduction to Transient Voltage Suppression Devices Prepared by: Jim Lepkowski ON Semiconductor APPLICATION NOTE INTRODUCTION Transient Voltage Suppression (TVS) protection devices such as shielded
More informationDIRECTIONAL FIBER OPTIC POWER MONITORS (TAPS/PHOTODIODES)
Features: DIRECTIONAL FIBER OPTIC POWER MONITORS (TAPS/PHOTODIODES) PATENT NUMBERS: CANADA 2,494,133, USA 7095931, 7295731 AND CHINA 1672073 Telcordia GR-468 qualified Available in versions for any wavelength
More informationThe role of the magnetic hard disk drive
Emerging Trends in Data Storage on Magnetic Hard Disk Drives EDWARD GROCHOWSKI, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, USA A BSTRACT The role of the magnetic hard disk drive (HDD) is constantly growing
More informationZecotek S Light Projection Network Marketing
White Paper Zecotek Visible Fiber Laser Platform Enabling the future of laser technology Zecotek Photonics Inc. (TSX- V: ZMS; Frankfurt: W1I) www.zecotek.com is a Canadian photonics technology company
More informationL innovazione tecnologica dell industria italiana verso la visione europea del prossimo futuro
L innovazione tecnologica dell industria italiana verso la visione europea del prossimo futuro Mercoledì 2 Aprile 2014 Antonio D Errico, Francesco Testa, Roberto Sabella, Ericsson Silicon Photonics Opportunities
More informationPhotolink- Fiber Optic Receiver PLR135/T1
Features High PD sensitivity optimized for red light Data : NRZ signal Low power consumption for extended battery life Built-in threshold control for improved noise Margin The product itself will remain
More informationMass production, R&D Failure analysis. Fault site pin-pointing (EM, OBIRCH, FIB, etc. ) Bottleneck Physical science analysis (SEM, TEM, Auger, etc.
Failure Analysis System for Submicron Semiconductor Devices 68 Failure Analysis System for Submicron Semiconductor Devices Munetoshi Fukui Yasuhiro Mitsui, Ph. D. Yasuhiko Nara Fumiko Yano, Ph. D. Takashi
More informationISSCC 2003 / SESSION 13 / 40Gb/s COMMUNICATION ICS / PAPER 13.7
ISSCC 2003 / SESSION 13 / 40Gb/s COMMUNICATION ICS / PAPER 13.7 13.7 A 40Gb/s Clock and Data Recovery Circuit in 0.18µm CMOS Technology Jri Lee, Behzad Razavi University of California, Los Angeles, CA
More informationDESIGN CHALLENGES OF TECHNOLOGY SCALING
DESIGN CHALLENGES OF TECHNOLOGY SCALING IS PROCESS TECHNOLOGY MEETING THE GOALS PREDICTED BY SCALING THEORY? AN ANALYSIS OF MICROPROCESSOR PERFORMANCE, TRANSISTOR DENSITY, AND POWER TRENDS THROUGH SUCCESSIVE
More informationTechnology Developments Towars Silicon Photonics Integration
Technology Developments Towars Silicon Photonics Integration Marco Romagnoli Advanced Technologies for Integrated Photonics, CNIT Venezia - November 23 th, 2012 Medium short reach interconnection Example:
More informationNATIONAL SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY
NATIONAL SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY Department of Electrical Engineering (Master s Degree, Doctoral Program Course, International Master's Program in Electric Power Engineering) Course Structure Course Structures
More informationFiber Optics. Integrated Photo Detector Receiver for Plastic Fiber Plastic Connector Housing SFH551/1-1 SFH551/1-1V
Fiber Optics Integrated Photo Detector Receiver for Plastic Fiber Plastic Connector Housing SFH551/1-1 Features Bipolar IC with open-collector output Digital output, TTL compatible Sensitive in visible
More informationThe quadrature signals and the index pulse are accessed through five 0.025 inch square pins located on 0.1 inch centers.
Quick Assembly Two and Three Channel Optical Encoders Technical Data HEDM-550x/560x HEDS-550x/554x HEDS-560x/564x Features Two Channel Quadrature Output with Optional Index Pulse Quick and Easy Assembly
More informationIR Sensor Module for Reflective Sensor, Light Barrier, and Fast Proximity Applications
IR Sensor Module for Reflective Sensor, Light Barrier, and Fast Proximity Applications MECHANICAL DATA Pinning: = OUT, 2 = GND, 3 = V S 2 3 6672 APPLICATIONS Reflective sensors for hand dryers, towel or
More informationThermal Antenna for Passive THz Security Screening System and Current- Mode Active-Feedback Readout Circuit for Thermal Sensor
Department of Electrical Engineering Thermal Antenna for Passive THz Security Screening System and Current- Mode Active-Feedback Readout Circuit for Thermal Sensor 1. Background Alon Rotman and Roy Nicolet
More informationA receiver TDC chip set for accurate pulsed time-of-flight laser ranging
A receiver TDC chip set for accurate pulsed time-of-flight laser ranging Juha Kostamovaara, Sami Kurtti, Jussi-Pekka Jansson University of Oulu, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics Laboratory,
More informationMSFET 3332. MICROSENS Miniature ph Sensor Module
Product Data Sheet MSFET 3332 MICROSENS Miniature ph Sensor Module Ta2O5 gate Ion Sensitive Field Effect transistor (ISFET) The MSFET3332 ph sensor module comprises a ph-isfet sensing element, an integrated
More informationCross-beam scanning system to detect slim objects. 100 mm 3.937 in
891 Object Area Sensor General terms and conditions... F-17 Related Information Glossary of terms... P.1359~ Sensor selection guide...p.831~ General precautions... P.1405 PHOTO PHOTO Conforming to EMC
More informationPoS(PhotoDet 2012)068
Characterization of the Hamamatsu R11265 multi-anode photomultiplier tube with single photon signals Luca CADAMURO, Marta CALVI, Andrea GIACHERO,, Matteo MAINO, Clara MATTEUZZI, Gianluigi PESSINA Dipartimento
More informationAPPLICATION NOTE. Basler racer Migration Guide. Mechanics. www.baslerweb.com. Flexible Mount Concept. Housing
62 62 APPLICATION NOTE www.baslerweb.com Basler racer Migration Guide This paper describes what to consider when replacing the Basler L100 Camera Link or the Basler runner Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) line
More informationTOSHIBA CCD Image Sensor CCD (charge coupled device) TCD2955D
Preliminary TOSHIBA CCD Image Sensor CCD (charge coupled device) TCD2955D The TCD2955D is a high sensitive and low dark current 4240 elements 6 line CCD color image sensor which includes CCD drive circuit
More informationGaAs Switch ICs for Cellular Phone Antenna Impedance Matching
GaAs Switch ICs for Cellular Phone Antenna Impedance Matching IWATA Naotaka, FUJITA Masanori Abstract Recently cellular phones have been advancing toward multi-band and multi-mode phones and many of them
More informationZEISS Axiocam 506 color Your Microscope Camera for Imaging of Large Sample Areas Fast, in True Color, and High Resolution
Product Information Version 1.0 ZEISS Axiocam 506 color Your Microscope Camera for Imaging of Large Sample Areas Fast, in True Color, and High Resolution ZEISS Axiocam 506 color Sensor Model Sensor Pixel
More informationEfficient Interconnect Design with Novel Repeater Insertion for Low Power Applications
Efficient Interconnect Design with Novel Repeater Insertion for Low Power Applications TRIPTI SHARMA, K. G. SHARMA, B. P. SINGH, NEHA ARORA Electronics & Communication Department MITS Deemed University,
More informationModule 7 : I/O PADs Lecture 33 : I/O PADs
Module 7 : I/O PADs Lecture 33 : I/O PADs Objectives In this lecture you will learn the following Introduction Electrostatic Discharge Output Buffer Tri-state Output Circuit Latch-Up Prevention of Latch-Up
More informationILX Lightwave Corporation www.ilxlightwave.com
# 14 Optimizing TEC Current Optimizing TEC Drive Current This Application Note discusses methods for optimizing the TEC drive current for optimum operation in heating and cooling applications. BACKGROUND
More informationUNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI CATANIA DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN INGEGNERIA FISICA
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI CATANIA DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN INGEGNERIA FISICA ROBERTO PAGANO OPERATIVE PARAMETERS OF Si PHOTOMULTIPLIERS Coordinatore: Prof. G. Giaquinta Tutor: Prof. G. Falci Supervisori:
More informationTRUE SINGLE PHASE CLOCKING BASED FLIP-FLOP DESIGN
TRUE SINGLE PHASE CLOCKING BASED FLIP-FLOP DESIGN USING DIFFERENT FOUNDRIES Priyanka Sharma 1 and Rajesh Mehra 2 1 ME student, Department of E.C.E, NITTTR, Chandigarh, India 2 Associate Professor, Department
More informationPhoto Modules for PCM Remote Control Systems
Photo Modules for PCM Remote Control Systems Available types for different carrier frequencies Type fo Type fo TSOP183 3 khz TSOP1833 33 khz TSOP1836 36 khz TSOP1837 36.7 khz TSOP1838 38 khz TSOP184 4
More informationBeam Instrumentation Group, CERN ACAS, Australian Collaboration for Accelerator Science 3. School of Physics, University of Melbourne 4
Prototype tests of a wide-band Synchrotron-Light based Beam Pattern Monitor for measuring charge-couple bunch instabilities in High-Energy Particle Accelerator Beams Sophie Dawson2,3, Mark Boland2,4, David
More information. MEDIUM SPEED OPERATION - 8MHz (typ.) @ . MULTI-PACKAGE PARALLEL CLOCKING FOR HCC4029B HCF4029B PRESETTABLE UP/DOWN COUNTER BINARY OR BCD DECADE
HCC4029B HCF4029B PRESETTABLE UP/DOWN COUNTER BINARY OR BCD DECADE. MEDIUM SPEED OPERATION - 8MHz (typ.) @ CL = 50pF AND DD-SS = 10. MULTI-PACKAGE PARALLEL CLOCKING FOR SYNCHRONOUS HIGH SPEED OUTPUT RES-
More information1700V Bi-Mode Insulated Gate Transistor (BIGT) on Thin Wafer Technology
1700V Bi-Mode Insulated Gate Transistor (BIGT) on Thin Wafer Technology Munaf Rahimo, Jan Vobecky, Chiara Corvasce ISPS, September 2010, Prague, Czech Republic Copyright [2010] IEEE. Reprinted from the
More informationThree Channel Optical Incremental Encoder Modules Technical Data
Three Channel Optical Incremental Encoder Modules Technical Data HEDS-9040 HEDS-9140 Features Two Channel Quadrature Output with Index Pulse Resolution Up to 2000 CPR Counts Per Revolution Low Cost Easy
More informationDIODE PUMPED CRYSTALASER
DIODE PUMPED CRYSTALASER Ultra-compact CW & Pulsed Turnkey Systems UV Visible to IR High Reliability High Stability High Efficiency TEMoo & SLM Low Noise Low Cost ULTRA-COMPACT DIODE-PUMPED CRYSTAL LASER
More informationINTEGRATED CIRCUITS. For a complete data sheet, please also download:
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS DATA SEET For a complete data sheet, please also download: The IC6 74C/CT/CU/CMOS Logic Family Specifications The IC6 74C/CT/CU/CMOS Logic Package Information The IC6 74C/CT/CU/CMOS
More informationLM1596 LM1496 Balanced Modulator-Demodulator
LM1596 LM1496 Balanced Modulator-Demodulator General Description The LM1596 LM1496 are doubled balanced modulator-demodulators which produce an output voltage proportional to the product of an input (signal)
More informationContent Map For Career & Technology
Content Strand: Applied Academics CT-ET1-1 analysis of electronic A. Fractions and decimals B. Powers of 10 and engineering notation C. Formula based problem solutions D. Powers and roots E. Linear equations
More informationpco.edge 4.2 LT 0.8 electrons 2048 x 2048 pixel 40 fps 37 500:1 > 70 % pco. low noise high resolution high speed high dynamic range
edge 4.2 LT scientific CMOS camera high resolution 2048 x 2048 pixel low noise 0.8 electrons USB 3.0 small form factor high dynamic range 37 500:1 high speed 40 fps high quantum efficiency > 70 % edge
More informationMM74C150 MM82C19 16-Line to 1-Line Multiplexer 3-STATE 16-Line to 1-Line Multiplexer
MM74C150 MM82C19 16-Line to 1-Line Multiplexer 3-STATE 16-Line to 1-Line Multiplexer General Description The MM74C150 and MM82C19 multiplex 16 digital lines to 1 output. A 4-bit address code determines
More informationStatic-Noise-Margin Analysis of Conventional 6T SRAM Cell at 45nm Technology
Static-Noise-Margin Analysis of Conventional 6T SRAM Cell at 45nm Technology Nahid Rahman Department of electronics and communication FET-MITS (Deemed university), Lakshmangarh, India B. P. Singh Department
More informationSignal Types and Terminations
Helping Customers Innovate, Improve & Grow Application Note Signal Types and Terminations Introduction., H, LV, Sinewave, Clipped Sinewave, TTL, PECL,,, CML Oscillators and frequency control devices come
More informationIR Receiver Module for Light Barrier Systems
Not for New Design - Alternative Available: New TSSP4038 (#82458) www.vishay.com IR Receiver Module for Light Barrier Systems TSOP4038 2 3 MECHANICAL DATA Pinning: = OUT, 2 = GND., 3 = V S 6672 FEATURES
More informationUSER MANUAL FIBER OPTIC ANALOG TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER MODULE
USER MANUAL FIBER OPTIC ANALOG TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER MODULE Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION... 3 2. PREFACE... 4 2.1 Transmitter... 4 2.2 Optical fiber... 4 2.3 Receiver... 5 2.4 Advantage of Optical
More informationBi-directional FlipFET TM MOSFETs for Cell Phone Battery Protection Circuits
Bi-directional FlipFET TM MOSFETs for Cell Phone Battery Protection Circuits As presented at PCIM 2001 Authors: *Mark Pavier, *Hazel Schofield, *Tim Sammon, **Aram Arzumanyan, **Ritu Sodhi, **Dan Kinzer
More informationTSL250, TSL251, TLS252 LIGHT-TO-VOLTAGE OPTICAL SENSORS
TSL50, TSL5, TLS5 SOES004C AUGUST 99 REVISED NOVEMBER 995 Monolithic Silicon IC Containing Photodiode, Operational Amplifier, and Feedback Components Converts Light Intensity to Output Voltage High Irradiance
More informationLaser diffuse reflection light scanner with background suppression. Dimensioned drawing
Specifications and description HRTL 3B Laser diffuse reflection light scanner with background suppression Dimensioned drawing We reserve the right to make changes DS_HRTL3B_en.fm en 01-2010/12 50114049
More informationNETWORK ENABLED EQUIPMENT MONITOR
NETWORK ENABLED EQUIPMENT MONITOR Remotely Monitor Sensors over the Internet Connect Sensors to the Web to Remotely Monitor Equipment, Processes or Other Applications A Complete, Easy to Deploy, Stand-Alone
More informationUsing the NI 17xx Smart Camera Direct Drive Lighting Controller
Using the NI 17xx Smart Camera Direct Drive Lighting Controller Overview The use of proper lighting is often overlooked when designing a machine vision application. More robust and accurate inspections
More informationLM139/LM239/LM339/LM2901/LM3302 Low Power Low Offset Voltage Quad Comparators
Low Power Low Offset Voltage Quad Comparators General Description The LM139 series consists of four independent precision voltage comparators with an offset voltage specification as low as 2 mv max for
More informationExperiment 5. Lasers and laser mode structure
Northeastern University, PHYS5318 Spring 2014, 1 1. Introduction Experiment 5. Lasers and laser mode structure The laser is a very important optical tool that has found widespread use in science and industry,
More information1ED Compact A new high performance, cost efficient, high voltage gate driver IC family
1ED Compact A new high performance, cost efficient, high voltage gate driver IC family Heiko Rettinger, Infineon Technologies AG, Am Campeon 1-12, 85579 Neubiberg, Germany, heiko.rettinger@infineon.com
More informationSymbol Parameter Value Unit V DS Drain-source Voltage (V GS =0) 50 V V DGR Drain- gate Voltage (R GS =20kΩ) 50 V
BUZ71A N - CHANNEL 50V - 0.1Ω - 13A TO-220 STripFET POWER MOSFET TYPE V DSS R DS(on) I D BUZ71A 50 V < 0.12 Ω 13 A TYPICAL RDS(on) = 0.1 Ω AVALANCHE RUGGED TECHNOLOGY 100% AVALANCHE TESTED HIGH CURRENT
More informationCCD Line Scan Array P-Series High Speed Linear Photodiode Array Imagers
DATASHEET Photon Detection CCD Line Scan Array Key Features Extended spectral range, 200 to 1000 nm 80 MHz pixel data rate Line rates to 37 khz Center-split, dual channel readout > 2,500:1 dynamic range
More informationSupply voltage Supervisor TL77xx Series. Author: Eilhard Haseloff
Supply voltage Supervisor TL77xx Series Author: Eilhard Haseloff Literature Number: SLVAE04 March 1997 i IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments (TI) reserves the right to make changes to its products or to
More informationLasers Design and Laser Systems
Lasers Design and Laser Systems Tel: 04-8563674 Nir Dahan Tel: 04-8292151 nirdahan@tx.technion.ac.il Thank You 1 Example isn't another way to teach, it is the only way to teach. -- Albert Einstein Course
More informationChip Diode Application Note
Chip Diode Application Note Introduction The markets of portable communications, computing and video equipment are challenging the semiconductor industry to develop increasingly smaller electronic components.
More information8.5Gb/s SFP+ Fibre Channel Optical Transceiver
8.5Gb/s SFP+ Fibre Channel Optical Transceiver Features Up to 8.5Gb/s bi-directional data links Hot Pluggable SFP+ footprint Built-in digital diagnostic functions 1310nm FP laser transmitter Duplex LC
More informationLM118/LM218/LM318 Operational Amplifiers
LM118/LM218/LM318 Operational Amplifiers General Description The LM118 series are precision high speed operational amplifiers designed for applications requiring wide bandwidth and high slew rate. They
More information