Integrating Biology and New 'Omics to Guide Diet, Health and Agriculture

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1 Integrating Biology and New 'Omics to Guide Diet, Health and Agriculture Daniela Barile Associate Professor Food Science & Technology Linkedin: daniela barile

2 Obrigada pela hospitalidade! Thank you to Dr. Hanada Viotto, Dr. Gigante, Dr. Gonçalves, Dr. Grimaldi, Dr. Riberiro

3 Marcella Mazzocato Universidade de São Paulo Camila Robison Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos Leticia de Aquino Universidade Federal Fluminense Vitor Luiz Melo Universidade Federal Fluminense Dr. Juliana de Moura Dr. Neiva de Almeida Universidade Federal da Paraíba Dr. Carlos Conte Junior Universidade Federal Fluminense

4 Coming soon Dr. Maria Cecilia Ribeiro PhD - UNICAMP 1 year PostDoc Prof. Mirna Gigante

5 Research Agenda Evolutionary Biology Omics for discovering new bioactives Engineering to scale up isolation Functional studies to validate the activity 5

6 Challenges to Agriculture Feed an increasing world population 9 billion by 2050 The 21st century must nourish 9 billion people AND improve the environment AND be energetically sustainable AND use less water AND lead to healthier outcomes

7 Residual side streams from the food industry and agriculture High levels of organic matter Cause pollution if released in the environment May still contain Bioactive molecules Potential for re-utilization

8 Targets for improving health? Identify bioactive compounds in food waste Mitigate chronic health conditions deriving from poor dietary habits

9 Our friends bacteria Microbiota is an organ! ~ 1 kg 100 trillion microorganisms in a human body ~100 times more than human cells

10 Feeding for Health Rise in inflammatory, infectious, metabolic diseases Dysregulation in gastrointestinal microbiota Our research is identifying new sources of selective ingredients that can ameliorate those conditions

11 The intestinal microbiota supports: 1. Systemic immunity 2. Gut homeostasis Its imbalance may cause: 3. Infection 4. Allergic disease 5. Inflammatory bowel disease 6. Metabolic disease

12 Insults to the Microbiota Broad spectrum antibiotics Reduce beneficial bacteria and alter balance Allow proliferation of potentially harmful bacteria C. difficile C. albicans S. aureus Emergence of resistant strains 12

13 What to do? How?

14 Bioactive components retained and amplified over 120 million years of evolution Infant Adult 14

15 .. Looking for milk bioactives able to modulate the human gut microbiota

16 Zivkovic & Barile, Adv. Nutrition 2011 Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMO)

17 Indigestible sugars: unique chemical linkages Fucosidase β 1-4 α 1-3 n β 1-6 Hexosaminidase Beta-galactosidase Glc Gal GlcNAc Sialidase α 2-6 β 1-3 β 1-3 β 1-4 Fucose Sialic acid SELECTIVELY PROMOTE THE GROWTH OF BENEFICIAL BIFIDOBACTERIA

18 Translation: From Breastfed Babies to Everybody Else? HUMAN MILK NOT AVAILABLE FOR MASSIVE EXTRACTION!..bring this research to practice?

19 Bovine milk oligosaccharides Colostrum Intensity (cps) x WOULD NEED MASSIVE AMOUNTS! Milk Day Retention Time (min)

20 Are there abundant food sources of these compounds that are similarly effective? A new target for Agriculture!

21 100 kg milk Enzymatic/acid coagulation 10 kg CHEESE Casein + lipids 90 kg WHEY Other proteins, lactose, mineral salts etc. Whey still contains about 50% of milk nutrients

22 Brazil: >3 million tons/year Due to the high biochemical oxygen demand (40,000- g/dm 3 ), it cannot be discharged to surface waters or sewage systems

23 Current Whey Utilization Recovery of proteins by ultrafiltration Whey protein concentrate or whey protein isolates WHEY ULTRAFILTRATION Ultrafiltration w ($$$) food processing stream Whey Permeate High lactose Pollutant Disposal Costs

24 New omics: GLYCOMICS Glycans: Invisible to common spectroscopy Numerous connectivities and branching Need to obtain structure-function information Need High purity samples Need multiple analytical techniques Connection sites Chiral Centers CH 2 OH OH O O CH 2 OH OH O O ISOMERS OH OH OH OH Retention time

25 Analytical platform MALDI-TOF MAXIFLEX Bruker Daltonics Increased chromatographic performance NANO-LC CHIP Q TOF Agilent Technologies

26 Glyco-proteomics Glycomics & Glyco-Lipidomics strategy strategy ENZYMATIC DIGESTION

27 Discovery of Complex Fucosylated Oligosaccharides in cheese whey (mimic human milk) Rapid oligosaccharide identification Counts per second (intensity)

28 Develop new value for food processing streams: UCD Milk Processing & Research Lab 28

29 Bioguided processing Membrane filtration Enzymatic modification Fermentation 1 kg of PURE bioactive milk oligosaccharides Green technologies Scalable No requirement for capital investment Improve dairy sustainability

30 in-vitro and in vivo validation of oligosaccharide activity $

31 Whey Oligosaccharides Functions Immune system modulation (in vitro) Increase beneficial bacteria (in vitro and anima model) Decrease pathogenic bacteria (1 st human study) Restore gut barrier function (animal model)

32 More bioactive compounds! Proteins Oligosaccharides Glycoproteins Peptides Glycolipids

33 Social Impact Premature infants (necrotizing enterocolitis) Cancer, IBD, HIV patients Children in developing countries (chronic diarrhea and kwashiorkor) Animal Health: reducing disease incidence and antibiotic use in calves

34 Summary: future bioactive ingredients Some milk components act as PREBIOTICS stimulating the growth of selected bifidobacteria (PROBIOTICS) Oligosaccharides discovery in dairy streams open new possibilities to bring these components to market Demonstrated potential to abate microbial imbalances and within the infant and adult s gut 34

35 Analytical discovery of bioactives Industry Side Streams scale up purification Functional testing Characterization and Q.C.

36 Expanding to other food streams Wine pomace Pistachio shells Coffee grounds Apple juice fiber

37 Disclosure: I am co-founder of a start-up company (Evolve BioSystems) Obrigada! The Peter J. Shields Endowed Chair in Dairy Food Science