FinScope South Africa Small Business Survey 2010

Transcription

1 FinScpe Suth Africa Small Business Survey 00 The syndicate members Intrductin Small businesses have been identified as key in driving Suth Africa s ecnmic grwth. Bradly, the Suth African gvernment s strategy is t: curb unemplyment thrugh jb creatin alleviate pverty, and redistribute wealth Despite gvernment s effrts t increase supprt t the small business sectr, the SMME Business Cnfidence Index, a survey f SMME perceptins, has suggested that these initiatives have nt had the intended impact. In rder t develp effective interventins, it is imprtant t first have a cmprehensive understanding f the small business sectr, the specific challenges small business wners face and the capacity they have t deal with these challenges. Any interventin strategy shuld take int accunt that a ne size fits all apprach will nt be effective. Interventins shuld be targeted, and in rder t achieve this, reliable and accurate infrmatin is needed t identify the specific challenges affecting specific small business sub-sectrs. This infrmatin is nt available in many develping cuntries. T address this need, FinMark Trust develped the FinScpe Small Business Survey. FinMark Trust is a nt-fr-prfit independent trust established in Suth Africa in 00, with cre funding frm the UK s Department fr Internatinal Develpment (DFID). FinMark Trust s purpse is t make financial markets wrk fr the pr by prmting financial inclusin and reginal financial integratin. FinMark Trust uses evidence-based infrmatin in its engagement with the public and private sectrs acrss Africa, t bring abut systemic change in making markets wrk fr unserved and underserved cnsumers. The FinScpe small business survey has the fllwing bjectives: T describe the size and scpe f the small business sectr T segment the small business market int hmgenus market segments and t identify the develpment and financial needs f the different market segments in rder t stimulate segment-related develpment and financial prduct innvatin T serve as a baseline against which the impact f interventins can be assessed ver time In pursuit f the FinMark Trust purpse t make financial markets wrk fr the pr, the FinScpe Small Business Survey has the fllwing specific financial inclusin bjectives: T determine levels f financial access (frmal and infrmal) fr the small business sectr T describe the landscape f financial access fr the small business sectr i.e. type and extent f financial prduct (bank and nn-bank) utilisatin T identify the barriers t financial access fr the small business sectr

2 FinScpe Suth Africa Small Business Survey 00 The FinScpe survey apprach In implementing FinScpe surveys, FinMark Trust cllabrates with a wide range f stakehlders, frm bth the public and private sectrs. This apprach is mainly fllwed t facilitate stakehlder buy-in and supprt fr the survey, and als t ensure that the infrmatin gathered addresses relevant issues. Fr the purpses f the implementatin f the FinScpe Suth Africa Small Business Survey 00, a syndicate apprach was fllwed. Syndicate member participatin entailed: Financial cntributin twards the csts f implementatin Input int the survey instrument design Cntextual interpretatin f the survey findings Gegraphical distributin Gauteng Eastern Cape KwaZulu Natal Nrth West Limpp Western Cape 8 Free State Mpumalanga 3 Nrthern Cape Survey methdlgy Universe = business wners in Suth Africa, 6 years and lder, with less than 00 emplyees 566 face-t-face interviews cnducted Sample representative at natinal, urban-rural, and prvincial levels Sampling methdlgy entailed randm sampling at three levels: Primary sampling unit enumeratr areas (EA) 000 selected using a prbability prprtined t size (PPS) apprach Secndary sampling unit husehlds within selected EAs with members qualifying in terms f selectin criteria (business wners, 6 years and lder, emplying less than 00 peple) Respndent selected at randm frm qualifying husehld members in selected husehlds On average, six interviews were cnducted per EA Sample data weighted back at prvincial level t ppulatin aged 6 years and lder 9 Age distributin years 5 3 years 35 years years years Small business landscape in Suth Africa small businesses in Suth Africa small business wners, 6 years and lder, in Suth Africa (ne in six individuals, aged 6 years and lder, generate an incme thrugh small business activity) Seventeen percent f small business wners have registered businesses Seventy nine percent f small business wners are traders (sell prducts) Of these, 6 sell their prducts in the same frm they bught it (they d nt add any value) A further 6.5 are dependent n nature, in that they grw what they sell, rear livestck/pultry fr sale, sell by-prducts f animals, r sell what they cllect frm nature Twenty ne percent f small business wners are service prviders. Of these, five percent render prfessinal services (e.g. accuntants, dctrs, lawyers, etc.) Of the ppulatin 6 years and lder, small business wners cmprise 3 in the Nrth West Prvince; 3 in the Free State prvince and 0 in the Nrthern Cape prvince. Althugh mst small business wners reside in Gauteng in cntrast t the small prvinces, nly f the ppulatin aged 6 years and lder in Gauteng are small business wners

3 Making financial markets wrk fr the pr Prfile f the small business wner Females, are mre likely t be small business wners than males Fr 6 f small business wners, the small businesses they wn are their sle surce f incme Tw-thirds f small business wners have nt cmpleted secndary schl educatin One in tw small business wners started the business either because they culd nt find jbs r because they lst their jbs Eighty tw percent f small business wners in Suth Africa started their businesses n their wn Gender distributin Race distributin Educatin level distributin Female Male Black White Clured Asian/Indian Primary Schl r less Sme high schl Matric Apprenticeship/Diplma University Degree Challenges faced by small business wners When starting up Thirty nine percent f small business wners cite mney-related matters as the main bstacles they faced when starting up their businesses; 3 cite business strategy issues as their main bstacles (determining and finding what t sell, finding their target market, dealing with cmpetitrs, etc.) Mney-related (39) Strategy-related (3) Infrastructure and Equipment () Surcing mney T many cmpetitrs 3 Equipment 6 Cash flw 5 Nt enugh custmers 5 Transprt e.g. mving stck 5 Being wed mney/debtrs 3 What prduct/service t sell Wh t sell t i.e. which custmers Finding business premises r space Cnnecting water services 5 Financial recrds Raising awareness n prducts/services Cnnecting electricity Banks did nt want t help Prblems with stck/gds sld

4 FinScpe Suth Africa Small Business Survey 00 Obstacles t grwth Space t perate 6 Access t/cst f finance Cmpetitin 3 Crime and theft Transprtatin Electricity 3 Business licensing 3 Weather/natural disasters 3 Harassment by fficials Custms/trade regulatins Skills and educatin Access t land Crruptin Lack f custmers Other Dn t knw 5 Nne/nthing 9 Grwing the business The diversity f small businesses mst likely explains the wide-ranging nature f bstacles t grwth cited by small business wners Access t financial services The FinScpe survey uses the Financial Access Strand t cmpare access t financial services acrss cuntries. In cnstructing the Financial Access Strand, it is assumed that every individual will fall int ne f three brad segments: Frmally served/included individuals wh have/use financial prducts prvided by frmal financial institutins (i.e. financial institutins regulated by an act f law) Banked individuals wh have/use financial prducts prvided by cmmercial banks Other frmal individuals wh have/use financial prducts prvided by frmal financial institutins which are nt cmmercial banks (e.g. insurance cmpanies, micrfinance institutins, credit-prviding retail stres) Infrmally served/included individuals wh have/use financial prducts which are nt prvided by a frmal financial institutin (e.g. savings with a savings grup, credit frm a private mneylender, burial sciety membership) Financially unserved/excluded individuals wh d nt have/use financial prducts neither frmal nr infrmal. These individuals typically save by keeping mney at hme, and brrw nly frm friends and family In terms f the FinScpe Small Business survey, small business wners are categrised in the Financial Access Strand segments accrding t their use f financial prducts fr business purpses. Suth African small business wner Access Strand 00 Banked Other frmal Infrmally served Financially unserved f small business wners are financially included i.e. use financial prducts (either frmal r infrmal) fr business purpses 5.5 f small business wners are frmally included i.e. use frmal financial prducts fr business purpses 6.9 use bank prducts use frmal insurance prducts 8 use frmal credit prducts 6. f small business wners d nt use frmal financial prducts fr business purpses but rely n private mney lenders, burial scieties, savings clubs/stkvels, and stres fr credit and savings.8 f small business wners d nt use frmal r infrmal prducts fr business purpses, but rely slely n family and friends fr brrwing, and saving mney at hme

5 Making financial markets wrk fr the pr Cmparing the small business wner access strand acrss prvinces Eastern Cape Free State Gauteng KwaZulu Natal Limpp Mpumalanga Nrthern Cape Nrth West Western Cape Ttal Small business wners frm Gauteng are significantly mre likely t be financially served (69.) than small business wners frm ther prvinces Small business wners frm Gauteng are mst likely t be frmally served (65.5) Small business wners frm Gauteng are mst likely t be banked (6.) Small business wners frm the Free State prvince are mre likely t be financially excluded (5.8) than small business wners frm ther prvinces Frmal financial inclusin is the lwest amngst small business wners residing in the Free State Prvince (.8) Banked Other frmal Infrmal Nt served Small business wners frm the Free State (3.), KwaZulu Natal (3.6) and Limpp (3.8) prvinces are least likely t be banked The rle f nn-bank frmal financial institutins in extending frmal financial inclusin fr small business wners is mst prnunced in the Nrthern Cape and KwaZulu Natal prvinces and least prnunced in Limpp and the Nrth West prvinces There is a significant difference between Limpp and ther prvinces in terms f the rle f the infrmal financial sectr in extending financial services t small business wners Male and female small business wner access strand Male Female Ttal Banked Other frmal Infrmal Nt served Female small business wners are significantly mre likely t be financially excluded (3. f female business wners vs. 39. f male business wners) Female small business wners are significantly less likely t be banked (3. females banked vs. 5. males banked) There is a significant difference between male and female small business wners in terms f their reliance n nn-bank frmal financial institutins and the infrmal financial sectr t meet their financial needs; female small business wners are mre likely t rely n these

6 FinScpe Suth Africa Small Business Survey 00 In terms f banking: There is a significant difference between urban and rural areas in terms f the bank status f small business wners In urban areas ne in tw small business wners are banked fr business purpses whilst in rural areas tw in five are banked Cnvenience seems t be the mst significant driver f bank chice fr thse small business wners wh are banked fr business purpses Thirty eight percent f small business wners wh are banked fr business purpses tend t chse the banks they use fr their persnal banking (banks they have experience with) In additin, chse their bank based n cnvenience f lcatin Small business wners wh are nt banked appear nt t see the value f having a bank accunt fr business purpses One in tw f thse nt banked perceive their incme frm the business as insufficient t justify having a bank accunt fr their business Fr 3.6 f unbanked small business wners, their reasn fr nt being banked is that they d nt have a regular, cnsistent incme Drivers f bank chice Used previusly/persnal bank accunts Recmmended by friend/family Cnvenience The best rates n savings/interest 5 Advertising 3 Prducts/services Bank charges 6 Recmmended by anther small business Friend/Family wrks there Recmmended by business partner 3 The best credit rates/interest Other Dn t knw 5 38 Small business wner Landscape f Access The FinScpe apprach uses the Landscape f Access t cmpare usage f financial prducts acrss entities. The Landscape f Access serves as an indicatr t describe: Transactinal: the prprtin f small business wners with a secure mechanism thrugh which funds can be depsited, transmitted and withdrawn t meet regular transactinal needs Savings: the prprtin f small business wners with a means f accumulating mney, whether n a cntractual r discretinary basis Credit: the prprtin f small business wners with funds/services having been prvided in advance against a cmmitted repayment stream Insurance: the prprtin f small business wners with a prduct/prducts cvering a defined risk event in return fr a premium (includes life, burial, health and shrt-term insurance) Natinal Insurance.9 Transactinal Savings 8.6 Credit

7 Making financial markets wrk fr the pr Prduct usage is transactinal and savings riented In mst prvinces, the infrmal sectr des nt play a significant rle in increasing the financial inclusin levels In the prvinces with larger prprtins f rural ppulatins namely Limpp, Mpumalanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape, the rle f the infrmal sectr in increasing financial inclusin levels is mre significant. This hwever, seems t be mainly in terms f prviding small business wners with alternative savings prducts/mechanisms In general, the usage f credit prducts by small business wners is lw with Gauteng and Western Cape small business wners mre likely t use credit prducts than small business wners in ther prvinces In terms f the usage f insurance prducts, small business wners in Nrthern Cape and Gauteng are mre likely t have insurance fr business purpses than small business wners in ther prvinces, whilst in Limpp and Mpumalanga small business wners are significantly less likely t have insurance Access t credit and start-up finance Ten percent f small business wners have/use credit prducts Nine percent f small business wners have/use frmal credit prducts One percent f small business wners d nt have frmal credit prducts, but make use f the infrmal sectr fr credit brrwing frm mney lenders (mashnisas), burial scieties and/r savings clubs One in tw small business wners wh brrw mney fr the use in the business, brrw frm family and friends Mst small business wners claim nt t brrw fr business purpses, with the mst significant reasns being attitudinal: Thirty six percent claim nt t believe in brrwing mney Thirty five percent regard brrwing as t risky Surce f start-up funding Sixty five percent f small business wners did nt brrw mney t start their business Mst business wners wh did brrw mney t start their businesses, did s frm family and friends Own mney surces (65) Lans/mney frm thers (3) Savings 35 Friends/family (excl. spuse) 3 Salary 8 Spuse/partner 0 Retrenchment package Business partner Gvernment grant Persnal lan Mney frm anther 5 Business lan Pensin r retirement Stkvel payut 3 Inheritance Sld assets e.g car, jewellery

8 Perceived business risks Traders theft f stck Emplyment pprtunities Tw in three business wners perate their wn businesses and d nt have any emplyees Thirty tw percent f small business wners prvide between ne and ten emplyment pprtunities per small business One percent f small business wners prvide mre than ten business pprtunities per small business Service-related small businesses are mre likely t prvide emplyment pprtunities than ther small businesses Apart frm the 5,6 millin small business wners, small businesses in Suth Africa prvide an additinal estimated 6 millin emplyment pprtunities Supprt Thse wh grw r rear what they sell, sell by-prducts f animals, r cllect smething frm nature t sell, perceive natural disasters as an additinal majr risk facing their businesses (flds, drught, diseases, etc.) Service prviders althugh theft f stck is regarded as a majr risk, additinal perceived risks centre arund the business wner s ability t prvide the service. Unlike trading businesses where the business can cntinue in the absence f the business wner, this is nt the case fr service related small businesses, where the skill required t render the service rests with the business wner Cping mechanisms fr perceived business risks: Less than ne in ten f small business wners are insured against the specific risks they face One in fur use (r wuld use) persnal savings r sell assets t cver their lsses One in ten brrw (r wuld brrw) mney t cver their lsses One in tw either d nt knw what they wuld d, r have nthing in place t cver their lsses Small business wners in general are nt aware f supprt rganizatins that they culd turn t Seventy six percent f small business wners were unable t name any rganisatin that gives help and/r advice t small businesses Ninety fur percent f small business wners have never used any supprt rganisatins Ten percent f small business wners are aware f the Natinal Yuth Develpment Agency as a surce f supprt, whilst nine percent identify banks as a surce f supprt. In terms f making use f these rganizatins hwever, nly ne percent f small businesses wners have turned t the Natinal Yuth Develpment Agency fr supprt whilst tw percent have turned t banks Key findings Awareness f supprt rganisatins Umsbmv Yuth Fund/ Natinal Yuth Develpment Agency Small businesses create an estimated additinal six millin emplyment Business Trust pprtunities Eskm Small Business Fundatin Females are mre likely t wn businesses but less likely t be financially served than males Althugh small business wners face a number f risks, mst are nt insured, pting t use savings and the selling f assets in the event f a lss Small business wners claim nt t brrw fr business purpses citing reasns such as lack f belief in brrwing mney and regarding brrwing as t risky There is a higher prevalence f small business wners in the Nrth West, Free State and Nrthern Cape prvinces than in Gauteng The banks SARS SEDA NAFCOC Khula Enterprise Finance Ltd SABS SETAs The dti Business Partners Fr mre infrmatin n FinScpe Suth Africa Small Business Survey 00, including a detailed reprt n the findings, please cntact: Irma Grundling irmag@finmark.rg.za Tel Fax Trevr Kaseke trevrk@finmark.rg.za