Data Centers: How Does It Affect My Building s Energy Use and What Can I Do?

Data Centers: How Does It Affect My Building s Energy Use and What Can I Do? 1

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Speakers David Cosaboon, LEED AP O+M Project Engineer Facility Engineering Associates, PC Worked with numerous data center facilities Specializes in energy management and building operations Author of several articles relevant to energy and sustainability including: IFMA Sustainability How to Guides (co-author) Data Center Assessments and Metrics Building Metering and Monitoring

Speakers Laurie Gilmer, P.E., CFM, SFP, LEED AP O+M, CxA Associate Facility Engineering Associates, PC Leads FEA s energy management and sustainability services. Assisted many facilities with ENERGY STAR label and LEED certification projects Co-authored IFMA s ENERGY STAR How-to Guide Member of IFMA s Sustainability Committee IFMA Instructor

Learning Objectives Gain an understanding of data center metrics Get to know available benchmarking tools Understand data center energy assessment strategies Understand several types of energy conservation measures

Outline Introduction Metrics Tools ENERGY STAR Data Center Profiler (DC Pro) Assessing Case Study

Introduction Data center energy use had doubled between 2000 and 2006 Estimated that more than 60 billion kilowatt hours used in 2006 for data center operation Source: Federal Energy Efficiency Management Program http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/program/dc_energy_consumption.html

Efficiency Metrics Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) : A metric used to evaluate DC efficiency. Ratio of total power used by DC and power used for IT equipment. PUE Total Data Center Power [kw] Total IT Power [kw] Total Data Center Power = lights, HVAC, IT, etc Total IT Power = UPS, servers, communications, etc Source: Data Center Energy Efficiency and PUE. Munther Salim. Hewlett Packard. 2008

Efficiency Metrics Data Center Infrastructure Effectiveness (DCiE) : A metric used to evaluate DC efficiency. Ratio of power used for IT equipment and total power used by DC. DCiE Total IT Power [kw] Total Data Center Power [kw] Total Data Center Power = lights, HVAC, IT, etc Total IT Power = UPS, servers, communications, etc Source: Data Center Energy Efficiency and PUE. Munther Salim. Hewlett Packard. 2008

Efficiency Metrics Green Grid Rating System Note: Data Center Infrastructure Efficiency (DCiE) is the reciprocal of PUE -- 1/PUE Source: Facility Data Center Engineering Energy Associates Efficiency 2012 and PUE. Munther Salim. Hewlett Packard. 2008

Airflow Metrics Rack Cooling Index (RCI) Indication of IT Equipment cooling effectiveness

Airflow Metrics Return Temperature Index (RTI) Indication of air recirculation or bypass. Function of supply and return air temperatures and rack inlet and exhaust Temperatures Supply Heat Index (SHI) Indication of air recirculation Function of server intake and exhaust temperatures and supply air temperature

Airflow Metrics Problem: Air Recirculation Possible Solutions: Return air plenum Blanking panels Ensure adequate airflow Close gaps between cabinets Source: Salim, M. (2008). Data Center Energy Efficiency and PUE. NFM&T, (pp. 29-31). Baltimore

Airflow Metrics Problem: Bypass Air Possible Solutions: Locate perforated tiles correctly Seal gaps in raised floor Ensure air flow rate is not excessive Source: Salim, M. (2008). Data Center Energy Efficiency and PUE. NFM&T, (pp. 29-31). Baltimore

Airflow Metrics Problem: Negative Pressure Air Possible Solutions: Ensure air flow rate is not excessive Source: Salim, M. (2008). Data Center Energy Efficiency and PUE. NFM&T, (pp. 29-31). Baltimore

Benchmarking ENERGY STAR Rating available for Data Centers Requirements Gross floor area IT energy configuration IT energy meters Optional Attributes UPS System Redundancy Cooling Equipment Redundancy

Online data center assessment tool Benchmarking DC Pro Tool Developed by the US Department of Energy Takes user inputs and generates energy use breakdowns, PUE/DCIE, suggested ECMs http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/ datacenters/index.html

DC Pro Tool - Purpose Purpose: To diagnose how energy is being used and determine ways to save energy and money. A first step to identify potential savings and reduce environmental emissions associated with data center energy use.

DC Pro Tool - Inputs Description Utility Bill Data System Information IT HVAC Electrical On-site Generation

DC Pro Tool - Outputs Overall energy use and efficiency End-use breakout site and source energy Potential areas for energy efficiency improvement No/Low Cost Items Capital Expenditure Items Overall energy use reduction potential

DC Pro Tool - Outputs

Airflow Calculator Other Tools An Excel based calculator that helps the user develop the RCI and RTI metrics. Proposes possible conservation measures to improve on the airflow management Electric Power Chain Calculator Proposes possible conservation measures to improve on the power chain efficiency based on user inputs Provides an overview of UPS efficiencies Website http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/datacenters /index.html

Case Study - Facility Overview Data Center 2,600 SF data center 285 SF office area within data center Mechanical Equipment 3 Liebert CRAC Units 1 base building VAV unit for office area Electrical Equipment 80-kVA UPS and PDU 20 Rack Mounted UPS s and 28 Rack Mounted PDU s Redesigned by 3-4 years ago

Case Study - Energy Audits Process Step 1: Preparation Review mechanical and electrical plans Review utility bills and establish rates, demand, usage, and costs Define test and measurement points Discuss items with Client

Case Study - Energy Audits Process Step 2: Execution Data collection Collect data (e.g. nameplate information, manuals, inventory, BAS data, etc) Prepare instrumentation (data loggers) and gather power and temperature measurements

Case Study - Energy Audits Process Step 3: Reporting Perform analysis Identify issues Establish recommendations Draft report Submit

Case Study - Data Logger Locations Intake and Exhaust Temperature Data Server Intake The data logger for the server intake was placed on the rack on the cold side Server Exhaust The data logger for the server exhaust was placed in the hot aisle opposite the Intake and ExhaustTemperatures intake logger 77 76.5 76 75.5 75 74.5 74 73.5 73 Intake Temperature ( F) Exhaust Temperature ( F)

Case Study - Data Logger Locations Hot and Cold Aisle Temperature Data Hot Aisle located 7-feet above the raised floor. Cold Aisle located 7-feet above the raised floor Hot and Cold Aisle Temperatures 79 77 75 73 71 69 67 65 Temperature of Cold Aisle ( F) Temperature of Hot Aisle ( F)

Case Study - Data Logger Locations Supply and Return Temperature Data Supply Air located under the raised floor tiles in the direct stream of supply air. Return Air located in the upper portion of each CRAC unit in the direct stream of return air. 75 CRAC #1 Supply and Return Temperatures 70 65 60 55 50 Return Temperature ( F) Supply Temperature ( F)

Case Study - Data Logger Locations Ambient Temperature and Humidity Data Supply Air located under the raised floor tiles in the direct stream of supply air. Return Air located in the upper portion of each CRAC unit in the direct stream of return air. CRAC #1 Relative Humidities CRAC #1 Relative Humidities 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 Relative Humidity of Return Air (%) Relative Humidity of Supply Air (%) Relative Humidity of Return Air (%) Relative Humidity of Supply Air (%)

Case Study - Metrics Metric Name Unit Target Value CRAC/CRAH/AHU Temperature Differential F - 7.6 Average Rack Temperature Rise F - 15 Return Temperature Index (RTI), measure of by-pass air and recirculation air. % 100 51 Rack Intake Temperatures F - 70 Rack Cooling Index (RCI), measure of conformance with an intake temperature specification (e.g., ASHRAE, NEBS). % 100 100 Supply Heat Index (SHI) - <0.40 0.66

Case Study - Findings Metric Name Value Target PUE (Total Power/IT Power) 1.79 1.25-2.00 DCiE (IT Power/ Total Power) 56% 50% - 80% 3.50 PUE 3.00 2.50 2.00 PUE 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Data center number

Case Study - Recommended Measures Energy Conservation Measure Annual Savings kwh/yr $/yr Implementation Cost ($) Simple Payback (yrs) ECM#1: Cable Mining Program 4,093 278 0 Immediate ECM#2: Floor-Tightness Program 4,093 278 0 Immediate ECM#3: CRAC Unit Shut off 17,536 1,192 0 Immediate ECM#4: Recalibrate Temperature and Humidity Sensors 5,265 358 500 1.3 ECM#5: Server Utilization Monitoring - - 0 Immediate ECM#6: Server Audit 13,103 891 0 Immediate ECM#7: Server Virtualization 18,345 1,247 0 Immediate ECM#8: UPS Replacement 39,995 2,720 65,000 23.9 ECM#9: Occupancy Sensor Installation 2,857 194 1,500 7.7 Total 105,287 7,159

Other Measures to Consider Return Air Plenum Installation Blanking Panels Temperature and Humidity Setpoint Aisle Containment Curtains

Contact Information FEA-U Info: Mayra Portalatin, SFP, LEED AP O+M mayra.portalatin@feapc.com Today s Presenter(s): David Cosaboon, LEED AP O+M david.cosaboon@feapc.com Laurie Gilmer, P.E., CFM, SFP, LEED AP O+M, CxA laurie.gilmer@feapc.com Mark your calendars for October 16, 2012: Building Information Modeling (BIM) Thanks!