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How to Subnet a Network How to use this paper Absolute Beginner: Read all Sections 1-4 N eed a q uick rev iew : Read Sections 2-4 J ust need a little h elp : Read Section 4 P a r t I : F o r t h e I P B e g i n n e r I P N e t w o r k A d d r e s s e s To u nd e r st and ne t w o r k IP ad d r e ssi ng, l e t s t ak e a l o o k at p o st al ad d r e sse s E v e r y b u i l d i ng m u st h av e i t s o w n u ni q u e ad d r e ss i n o r d e r f o r m ai l t o b e d e l i v e r e d A n ad d r e ss co nsi st s o f d i f f e r e nt p ar t s su ch as t h e st r e e t, nu m b e r, and ci t y In a ne t w o r k, e v e r y d e v i ce m u st h av e i t s o w n u ni q u e IP ad d r e ss Th at i s, e v e r y ne t w o r k d e v i ce (p r i nt e r, se r v e r, r o u t e r, e t c) m u st b e i d e nt i f i e d w i t h a se p ar at e IP ad d r e ss a n y D e v i c e s o r H o s t s U si ng t h e p o st al e x am p l e, t h i nk ab o u t an ap ar t m e nt b u i l d i ng In o r d e r f o r t h e m ai l t o ar r i v e at t h e r i g h t ap ar t m e nt, e ach ap ar t m e nt m u st h av e i t s o w n u ni q u e i d e nt i f i e r (ap ar t m e nt nu m b e r ) i n ad d i t i o n t o t h e st r e e t nam e and ad d r e ss W i t h IP ad d r e sse s, an o r g ani z at i o n i s assi g ne d a u ni q u e IP ne t w o r k, su ch as 19216810, b u t a si ng l e IP ad d r e ss m u st b e assi g ne d f o r e ach ne t w o r k d e v i ce F o r e x am p l e, l e t ' s assu m e t h at A B C co m p any h as 5 d e v i ce s i n o ne o f t h e i r b u i l d i ng s t h at ne e d IP ad d r e sse s, and t h at A B C i s assi g ne d t h e ne t w o r k ad d r e ss 19 216 810 Th e IP ad d r e sse s co u l d b e assi g ne d as f o l l o w s: D e v i ce 1 (r o u t e r ) : 19 216 811 D e v i ce 2 (o f f i ce p r i nt e r ) : 19 216 812 D e v i ce 3 ( s C h u ng ' s l ap t o p ) : 19 216 813 D e v i ce 4 (R e ce i p t i o ni st ' s co m p u t e r ) : 19 216 814 D e v i ce 5 (co m p any se r v e r ) : 19 216 815 H o st s 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ar e al l o n t h e 19 216 81 ne t w o r k, j u st as ap ar t m e nt s 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 m i g h t b e l o cat e d i n t h e ap ar t m e nt b u i l d i ng at 123 F i r st S t r e e t

W h e n y o u se e an IP ad d r e ss, y o u w i l l al w ay s se e ano t h e r nu m b e r asso ci at e d w i t h i t t h at l o o k s so m e t h i ng l i k e o ne o f t h e f o l l o w i ng : 2552552550 25525500 255000 Th i s nu m b e r i s cal l e d t h e s u b n e t m a s k A su b ne t m ask i s u se d t o sh o w w h i ch p o r t i o n o f t h e IP ad d r e ss i d e nt i f i e s t h e ne t w o r k and w h i ch p o r t i o n i d e nt i f i e s a sp e ci f i c h o st o n t h e ne t w o r k Th i s m ay se e m u nne ce ssar y at f i r st si nce t h e f i r st t h r e e nu m b e r s o f an IP ad d r e ss st ar t i ng f r o m t h e l e f t (su ch as 19 216 81) al w ay s i d e nt i f y t h e ne t w o r k, and t h e l ast nu m b e r (su ch as 1) al w ay s i d e nt i f i e s an i nd i v i d u al d e v i ce i n ne t w o r k s l i k e t h e o ne i n o u r e x am p l e, w h i ch i s cal l e d a st and ar d C l ass C ne t w o r k H o w e v e r, t h i s i s no t t r u e f o r o t h e r ne t w o r k s Th at ' s w h y su b ne t m ask s ar e u se d t o d i f f e r e nt i at e t h e ne t w o r k p o r t i o n o f t h e ad d r e ss f r o m t h e h o st p o r t i o n Th e f o l l o w i ng t ab l e sh o w s t h e su b ne t m ask 2552552550, w h i ch i s al w ay s t h e su b ne t m ask f o r a st and ar d C l ass C ne t w o r k, ap p l i e d t o o ne o f o u r e x am p l e ad d r e sse s N o t i ce h o w t h e m ask r e v e al s w h i ch p o r t i o n o f t h e st r i ng 19 216 811 i s t h e i nd i v i d u al h o st ad d r e ss N O TE : C l ass C ad d r e sse s h av e a nu m b e r f r o m 19 2 t o 223 i n t h e f i r st o ct e t N e t w o r k p o r t i o H o p o r t i o n st n 19 2 16 8 1 1 255 255 255 0 Th e nu m b e r 255 i nd i cat e s t h at t h e co r r e sp o nd i ng se ct i o n o f t h e ad d r e ss i s p ar t o f t h e ne t w o r k ad d r e ss Th e 0 i nd i cat e s t h at t h e co r r e sp o nd i ng se ct i o n i s t h e h o st p o r t i o n o f t h e ad d r e ss Th i s d o cu m e nt and t h e S u b ne t g am e r e f e r o nl y t o C l ass C ne t w o r k s O nce y o u u nd e r st and IP ad d r e ssi ng f o r C l ass C ne t w o r k s, i t w i l l b e m u ch e asi e r f o r y o u t o u nd e r st and IP ad d r e ssi ng f o r any ne t w o r k P a r t I I : B i n a r y N u m b e r s To u nd e r st and ne t w o r k ad d r e sse s, w e sh o u l d t ak e a m o m e nt t o co nsi d e r t h e b i nar y nu m b e r sy st e m S i nce al l e l e ct r o ni c d e v i ce s o nl y u nd e r st and b i nar y nu m b e r s, al l ne t w o r k ad d r e sse s ar e act u al l y m ad e u p o f b i nar y d i g i t s cal l e d b i t s A n IP ad d r e ss co nsi st s o f 3 2 b i t s, b r o k e n i nt o f o u r p ar t s cal l e d o ct e t s E ach o ct e t e q u al s 8 b i t s O u r sam p l e ne t w o r k ad d r e ss o f 19 216 810, l o o k s l i k e t h i s i n b i nar y 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000000 19 2 16 8 1 0 B u t h o w d o e s 11000000 e q u at e t o 19 2? H o w d o e s 10101000 e q u at e t o 16 8? H e r e ' s h o w

A b i t can h av e o nl y t w o p o ssi b l e v al u e s: o n, w h i ch i s r e p r e se nt e d b y a 1, o r o f f, w h i ch i s r e p r e se nt e d b y a 0 To r e p r e se nt t h e d e ci m al nu m b e r 0, as i n t h e l ast o ct e t ab o v e, al l 8 b i t s ar e t u r ne d o f f W h e n t u r ne d o n, e ach b i t h as a v al u e L e t ' s t ak e a l o o k at o ne 8-b i t o ct e t, si nce e ach o ct e t co nt ai ns a d i st i nct nu m b e r Th e v al u e s ar e as f o l l o w : v u e 6 3 Th e r i g h t -m o st b i t h as a v al u e o f 1, t h e ne x t b i t h as a v al u e o f 2, t h e ne x t b i t h as a v al u e o f 4, and so o n as sh o w n i n t h e ch ar t ab o v e Th e d e ci m al v al u e o f an o ct e t i s t h e su m o f t h e b i t v al u e s S o i f al l b i t s ar e o n, t h e v al u e o f t h e o ct e t i s 255, o r 128 + 6 4 + 3 2 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 Th e f o l l o w i ng t ab l e sh o w s t h at 11000000 e q u al s 19 2 i n d e ci m al Th e b i t w i t h a v al u e o f 128 and t h e b i t w i t h a v al u e o f 6 4 ar e t u r ne d o n, so w e ad d 128 + 6 4 and g e t 19 2 v u e 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 al 128 64 2 16 8 4 2 1 Th i s t ab l e sh o w s t h at 10101000 e q u al s 16 8 i n d e ci m al Th e b i t s w i t h v al u e s o f 128, 3 2, and 8 ar e t u r ne d o n, and t h e i r su m e q u al s 16 8 v u e 6 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 al 128 4 32 16 8 4 2 1 P a r t I I I : F r o m I P A d d r e s s i n g t o I P S u b n e t t i n g S u b t t i b e u f u l i v i e t y o f w i u d i m p l i f y i t w o r k m i r i o e l i y o u t o u d i f f e r e p h y m e d i E t h e r t F D D d i l e r o f r i t y t o y o u r t w o r k e m o m m o u o f b t t i i t o r o l t w o r k t r f i ne ng can se n a ar ay s, ncl ng si ng ne ad ni st at n, nab ng se nt si cal a su ch as ne and I, and ad ng a ay se cu ne Th st co n se su ne ng s co nt ne af c S u b t t i i d o b y b o r r o w i h o b i t u t h e m t w o r k b i t b e g i l e t ' l o o k o u r A B C m p t w o r k d r e i t b t m e x p r e d i b i y N o t i t h t h e d r e b i t t h h e r r e o i m b i t t t o r e p r e t h e t w o r k d r e A d d r e b i t t h h e r r e o i m b i t t t o r e p r e t h e i i v i d u h o d r e ne ng s ne ng st s and si ng as ne s To n, s at co any ne ad ss (19 216 810) and s su ne ask (2552552550) as sse n nar ce at ad ss s at av co sp nd ng ask s se 1 se nt ne ad ss ss s at av co sp nd ng ask s se 0 se nt nd al st ad ss N e t w o r k ad d r e ss 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000000 S u b ne t m ask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 W i t h t h i s ad d r e ss, t h e b i t s f r o m o ct e t s 1, 2, and 3 ar e u se d t o i d e nt i f y t h e ne t w o r k p o r t i o n o f t h e ad d r e ss H o w e v e r, w e co u l d su b ne t o u r ne t w o r k b y b o r r o w i ng b i t s f r o m t h e f o u r t h o ct e t To d o so, w e m u st t ak e b i t s co nse cu t i v e l y f r o m l e f t t o r i g h t In t h e f o l l o w i ng t ab l e, w e b o r r o w t h e b i t w i t h a v al u e o f 128

m N e t w o r k ad d r e ss 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000000 S u b ne t m ask 11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000 Th i s ch ang e s o u r su b ne t m ask Inst e ad o f 2552552550, i t i s no w 255255255128 Th e m o r e h o st b i t s y o u u se f o r su b ne t s, t h e m o r e su b ne t s y o u h av e av ai l ab l e H o w e v e r, as o r e su b ne t s ar e cr e at e d, t h e l e ss h o st ad d r e sse s ar e av ai l ab l e p e r su b ne t In t h e f o l l o w i ng t ab l e, w e b o r r o w b o t h t h e 128 and t h e 6 4 b i t W e no w h av e o nl y 6 b i t s l e f t f o r h o st ad d r e sse s, and o u r m ask i s no w 25525525519 2 N e t w o r k ad d r e ss 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000000 S u b ne t m ask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 N o t i ce al so t h at w e u se t h e f o u r t h o ct e t t o su b ne t a C l ass C ne t w o r k B e cau se t h i s d o cu m e nt and t h e S u b ne t g am e r e f e r o nl y t o C l ass C ne t w o r k s, t h e r e m ai nd e r o f t h i s d o cu m e nt w i l l f o cu s o nl y o n t h e f o u r t h o ct e t O nce y o u u nd e r st and IP su b ne t t i ng f o r C l ass C ne t w o r k s, i t w i l l b e m u ch e asi e r f o r y o u t o u nd e r st and IP su b ne t t i ng f o r any ne t w o r k S o, b ack t o o u r f o u r t h o ct e t, e x act l y w h at ne t w o r k and h o st ad d r e sse s can w e cr e at e b y b o r r o w i ng t h e se t w o b i t s and t h u s ap p l y i ng t h i s 19 2 m ask? N e t w o r k ad d r e ss 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000000 S u b ne t m ask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 L e t ' s l o o k f i r st at t h e su b ne t s W e h av e t w o d i g i t s w i t h w h i ch t o cr e at e su b ne t s N e t w o r k ad d r e ss 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000000 S u b ne t m ask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 L o o k i ng at t h e b i t v al u e ch ar t, i t ' s e asy t o se e t h at t h o se t w o d i g i t s can b e 00, w h i ch e q u al s 0 v u e 6 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01, w h i ch e q u al s 6 4 v u e 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 al 128 64 2 16 8 4 2 1 10, w h i ch e q u al s 128 v u e 6 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o r 11, w h i ch e q u al s 19 2

v u e 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 al 128 64 2 16 8 4 2 1 S o w e h av e cr e at e d t h e f o l l o w i ng su b ne t s: 19 216 810 19 216 8164 19 216 81128 19 216 81192 Th at m e ans t h at t h e se nu m b e r s (0, 6 4, 128, and 19 2) can no l o ng e r b e h o st ad d r e sse s b e cau se t h e y ar e no w su b ne t ad d r e sse s E ach su b ne t, l i k e any ne t w o r k, m u st h av e a b r o ad cast ad d r e ss as w e l l Th e b r o ad cast ad d r e ss i s t h e l ast ad d r e ss o n t h e ne t w o r k, so o n o u r f i r st su b ne t, 19 216 810, av ai l ab l e h o st ad d r e sse s ar e 19 216 811 t h r o u g h 19 216 8162 Th e 19 216 8163 i s t h e b r o ad cast ad d r e ss and 19 216 8164 i s t h e ad d r e ss o f t h e ne x t su b ne t R e m e m b e r t h at b e f o r e w e su b ne t t e d o u r ne t w o r k, w e co u l d u se al l 8 b i t s o f t h e 4t h o ct e t f o r h o st ad d r e sse s Th at g av e u s 254 h o st ad d r e sse s W e no w h av e 6 2 f o r e ach o f o u r 4 su b ne t s, o r 248 t o t al Th e f o l l o w i ng t ab l e sh o w s t h e co m C l ass C ne t w o r k p l e t e r e su l t s o f b o r r o w i ng t w o h o st b i t s t o su b ne t o u r ne ask 255255255192 st su ne 19 216 816 20 19 216 816 21-19 216 816 262 19 216 816 263 co nd su ne 19 216 816 264 19 216 816 265-19 216 816 2126 19 216 816 2127 Th su ne 19 216 816 2128 19 216 816 2129-19 216 816 2190 19 216 816 2191 su ne 19 216 816 2192 19 216 816 2193-19 216 816 2254 19 216 816 2255 P a r t I V : A l l Y o u R e a l l y N e e d S u b t t i e m p r e t t y m p l i e d b u t h e r e ' l y o u r e l y e d i o r d e r t o e l y r i d l y b t t w o r k l i t t l e t w e m e t i m e l t h e H p y C h t Y o u ' l l o e w h y ne ng can se s co cat, s al al ne n asi and ap su ne a ne, a ch ar so s cal ap ar so n se v u e 6 3 A ssu m e y o u o w n t h e 19 9 120 ne t w o r k Y o u ne e d t o cr e at e 16 su b ne t s and y o u w i l l ne e d no m o r e t h an 12 h o st s o n e ach su b ne t C o m p l e t e t h e f o l l o w i ng st e p s: 1 F i nd o u t h o w m any b i t s y o u ne e d t o b o r r o w b y co u nt i ng b y p o w e r s o f t w o (st ar t i ng w i t h 2 1 ) f r o m t h e l e f t -m o st b i t u nt i l y o u r e ach t h e nu m b e r o f su b ne t s y o u ne e d D r aw an i m ag i nar y l i ne t o t h e r i g h t o f t h e l ast b i t y o u b o r r o w Th e su b ne t m ask y o u ne e d i s t h e o ne t o t h e l e f t o f t h e l i ne To m ak e su r e y o u h av e t h e r i g h t am o u nt o f h o st s f o r e ach ne t w o r k, y o u can co u nt b y p o w e r s o f t w o (st ar t i ng w i t h 2 1 ) f r o m t h e r i g h t -m o st b i t u nt i l y o u r e ach t h e nu m b e r o f h o st s y o u ne e d

v u e 6 3 2 4 8 16 2 O b t ai n t h e ne t w o r k ad d r e sse s b y st ar t i ng w i t h t h e 0 ne t w o r k, w h i ch i s al w ay s t h e f i r st (19 9 120) and ad d i ng t h e b i t v al u e t h at co r r e sp o nd s t o t h e m ask F o r t h i s e x am p l e, t h at t e l l s u s t h e se co nd ne t w o r k i s 19 9 1216 C o nt i nu e t o i ncr e m e nt b y t h i s b i t v al u e t o o b t ai n al l t h e ne t w o r k ad d r e sse s 19 9 120 19 9 1216 19 9 1232 19 9 1248 19 9 1264 19 9 1280 19 9 1296 a n d s o o n v u e 6 3 3 O nce y o u se e t h e ne t w o r k ad d r e sse s, i t ' s e asy t o d e t e r m i ne t h e b r o ad cast ad d r e sse s and t h e v al i d h o st ad d r e sse s f o r e ach su b ne t F o r e x am p l e, t h e l ast ad d r e ss o n t h e 19 9 120 ne t w o r k h as t o b e 19 9 1215 b e cau se 19 9 1216 i s t h e ne x t ne t w o r k ad d r e ss S i nce i t ' s t h e l ast ad d r e ss o n t h e ne t w o r k, 19 9 1215 i s t h e b r o ad cast ad d r e ss A l l ad d r e sse s b e t w e e n 19 9 120 and 19 9 1215 ar e t h e h o st ad d r e sse s f o r t h e ne t w o r k L e t ' s t r y ano t h e r e x am p l e A ssu m e y o u o w n t h e 2002020 ne t w o r k Y o u w ant t o cr e at e 2 su b ne t s, b u t y o u ne e d u p t o 125 h o st s o n at l e ast o ne o f t h e su b ne t s C o m p l e t e t h e f o l l o w i ng st e p s: 1 F i nd o u t h o w m any b i t s y o u ne e d t o b o r r o w b y co u nt i ng t h e b i t s b y p o w e r s o f t w o (st ar t i ng w i t h 2 1 ) f r o m t h e l e f t -m o st b i t u nt i l y o u r e ach t h e m ax i m u m nu m b e r o f su b ne t s y o u ne e d D r aw an i m ag i nar y l i ne t o t h e r i g h t o f t h e l ast b i t y o u b o r r o w Th e su b ne t m ask y o u ne e d i s t h e o ne t o t h e l e f t o f t h e l i ne v u e 6 3 2 2 O b t ai n t h e ne t w o r k ad d r e sse s b y st ar t i ng w i t h t h e 0 ne t w o r k, w h i ch i s al w ay s t h e f i r st (2002020) and ad d i ng t h e b i t v al u e t h at co r r e sp o nd s t o t h e m ask F o r t h i s e x am p l e, t h at t e l l s u s t h e se co nd ne t w o r k (and l ast i n t h i s case ) i s 200202128 Th e r e aso n i t

h t o b e t h e l b t i t h y o u w o u l d g e t t h e x t t w o r k d r e i f y o u i e m e e d b y A o e t t m b e r g r e e r t h as ast su ne s at 200202256 as ne ne ad ss ncr nt ag ai n 128 n ct canno co nt ai n a nu at an 255 2002020 200202128 v u e 6 3 3 O nce y o u se e t h e ne t w o r k ad d r e sse s, i t ' s e asy t o d e t e r m i ne t h e b r o ad cast ad d r e sse s and t h e v al i d h o st ad d r e sse s f o r e ach su b ne t F o r t h i s e x am p l e, t h e l ast ad d r e ss o n t h e 2002020 ne t w o r k h as t o b e 200202127 b e cau se 200202128 i s t h e ne x t ne t w o r k ad d r e ss S i nce i t ' s t h e l ast ad d r e ss o n t h e ne t w o r k, 200202127 i s t h e b r o ad cast ad d r e ss A l l ad d r e sse s b e t w e e n 2002020 and 200202127 ar e t h e h o st ad d r e sse s f o r t h e ne t w o r k L e t ' s d o t h at e x am p l e ag ai n w i t h j u st a l i t t l e m o d i f i cat i o n A g ai n assu m e y o u o w n t h e 2002020 ne t w o r k Y o u w ant t o su b ne t y o u r ne t w o r k as m u ch as p o ssi b l e, b u t y o u ne e d u p t o 125 h o st s o n at l e ast o ne o f t h e su b ne t s C o m p l e t e t h e f o l l o w i ng st e p s: N o t e : T h i s i s t h e o n l y s t e p s w e w i l l c h a n g e W e a r e c h a n g i n g i t t o s h o w h o w y o u c a n c o u n t b y p o w e r s o f t w o f r o m r i g h t t o l e f t t o e n s u r e t h a t y o u g e t t h e d e s i r e d n u m b e r o f h o s t s F i o u t h o w m b i t y o u e d t o b o r r o w b y u i t h e b i t b y p o w e r o f t w o t i w i t h ) f r o m t h e r i g h t o b i t u i l y o u r e t h e m i m u m m b e r o f h o y o u e d o b t D r i m i y l i t o t h e l e f t o f t h e l b i t y o u b o r r o w e b t m y o u e d i i l l t h e o t o t h e l e f t o f t h e l i v u e 6 3 1 nd any s ne co nt ng s s (st ar ng 2 1 -m st nt ach ax nu st s ne n any su ne aw an ag nar ne ast Th su ne ask ne s st ne ne 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 O b t t h e t w o r k d r e b y t i w i t h t h e t w o r k w h i i w t h e f i r d i t h e b i t v u e t h r r e o t o t h e m F o r t h i e x p l e t h t e l l u t h e t w o r k l i t h i ) i e r e i t h t o b e t h e l b t i t h y o u w o u l d g e t t h e x t t w o r k d r e i f y o u i e m e e d b y A o e t t m b e r g r e e r t h 2 ai n ne ad sse s st ar ng 0 ne, ch s al ay s st (2002020) and ad ng al at co sp nd s ask s am, at s s se co nd ne (and ast n s case s 200202128 Th aso n as ast su ne s at 200202256 as ne ne ad ss ncr nt ag ai n 128 n ct canno co nt ai n a nu at an 255 2002020 200202128 v u e 6 3

3 O nce y o u se e t h e ne t w o r k ad d r e sse s, i t ' s e asy t o d e t e r m i ne t h e b r o ad cast ad d r e sse s and t h e v al i d h o st ad d r e sse s f o r e ach su b ne t F o r t h i s e x am p l e, t h e l ast ad d r e ss o n t h e 2002020 ne t w o r k h as t o b e 200202127 b e cau se 200202128 i s t h e ne x t ne t w o r k ad d r e ss S i nce i t ' s t h e l ast ad d r e ss o n t h e ne t w o r k, 200202127 i s t h e b r o ad cast ad d r e ss A l l ad d r e sse s b e t w e e n 2002020 and 200202127 ar e t h e h o st ad d r e sse s f o r t h e ne t w o r k N o w y o u t r y i t! (Answ ers f ound at th e end of th is p ap er) H e r e ar e so m e e x am p l e s f o r y o u t o t r y U se t h e H ap p y C h ar t t o h e l p y o u E x a m p l e 1 X Y Z C o m p any w o u l d l i k e t o su b ne t i t s ne t w o r k so t h at t h e r e ar e f i v e se p ar at e su b ne t s Th e y w i l l ne e d 25 co m p u t e r s i n e ach su b ne t C o m p l e t e e ach o f t h e f o l l o w i ng : N O TE : If y o u cr e at e m o r e t h an f i v e su b ne t s, l i st t h e e x t r a o ne s t o o ne ask 255255255 st su ne 19 216 816 2_ 19 216 816 2-19 216 816 2 19 216 816 2 co nd su ne 19 216 816 2 19 216 816 2-19 216 816 2 19 216 816 2 Th su ne 19 216 816 2 19 216 816 2-19 216 816 2 19 216 816 2 su ne 19 216 816 2 19 216 816 2-19 216 816 2 19 216 816 2 su ne 19 216 816 2 19 216 816 2-19 216 816 2 19 216 816 2 su ne?? N o t e : Th e t e r m " C l ass C " i s u se d i n t h i s d o cu m e nt t o h e l p f aci l i t at e t h e u nd e r st and i ng o f IP ad d r e ssi ng and su b ne t t i ng IP ad d r e ss cl ass t e r m i no l o g y i s r ar e l y u se d i n t h e i nd u st r y any m o r e b e cau se o f t h e i nt r o d u ct i o n o f cl assl e ss i nt e r d o m ai n r o u t i ng (C ID R )

E x a m p l e 2 C o m p any A B C w o u l d l i k e t o su b ne t i t s ne t w o r k (219 7 9 0) so t h at t h e r e ar e 3 2 se p ar at e su b ne t s Th e y w i l l ne e d 6 h o st s i n e ach su b ne t C o m p l e t e t h e f o l l o w i ng t ab l e : N O TE : B e cau se t h e r e ar e so m any su b ne t s, d o n' t w r i t e t h e m al l o u t (u nl e ss y o u j u st w ant t o ) If y o u can d o t h e f i r st t e n and k no w w h at t h e l ast o ne i s, y o u g e t t h e i d e a S e v e h b t E i g h t h b t N i h b t h b t i r t y b t ne ask 255255255 st su ne 219 7 9 219 7 9-219 7 9 219 7 9 co nd su ne 219 7 9 219 7 9-219 7 9 219 7 9 Th su ne 219 7 9 219 7 9-219 7 9 219 7 9 su ne 219 7 9 219 7 9-219 7 9 219 7 9 su ne 219 7 9 219 7 9-219 7 9 219 7 9 su ne 219 7 9 219 7 9-219 7 9 219 7 9 nt su ne 219 7 9 219 7 9-219 7 9 219 7 9 su ne 219 7 9 219 7 9-219 7 9 219 7 9 nt su ne 219 7 9 219 7 9-219 7 9 219 7 9 Te nt su ne 219 7 9 219 7 9-219 7 9 219 7 9 Th -se co nd su ne 219 7 9 219 7 9-219 7 9 219 7 9 E x a m p l e 3 Th e A cm e C o m p any w o u l d l i k e t o su b ne t i t s ne t w o r k (19 5550) so t h at t h e r e ar e 50 se p ar at e su b ne t s Th e y w i l l ne e d o nl y 2 h o st s i n e ach su b ne t C o m p l e t e e ach o f t h e f o l l o w i ng : N O TE : B e cau se t h e r e ar e so m any su b ne t s, y o u d o n' t ne e d t o w r i t e t h e m al l o u t If y o u can f i l l i n t h e i nf o r m at i o n r e q u i r e d b e l o w (t h e su b ne t m ask, t h e ad d r e sse s f o r t h e f i r st f e w su b ne t s, and t h e t o t al nu m b e r o f su b ne t s cr e at e d ), y o u o b v i o u sl y g e t t h e i d e a S e v e h b t ne ask 255255255 st su ne 19 555 19 555-19 555 19 555 co nd su ne 19 555 19 555-19 555 19 555 Th su ne 19 555 19 555-19 555 19 555 su ne 19 555 19 555-19 555 19 555 su ne 19 555 19 555-19 555 19 555 su ne 19 555 19 555-19 555 19 555 nt su ne 19 555 19 555-19 555 19 555 H o w m any su b ne t s ar e act u al l y cr e at e d w i t h t h i s su b ne t m ask y o u u se d?

A N SW E R S T O P R A C T I C E P R O B L E S E x a m p l e 1 X Y Z C o m p any w o u l d l i k e t o su b ne t i t s ne t w o r k so t h at t h e r e ar e f i v e se p ar at e su b ne t s Th e y w i l l ne e d 25 co m p u t e r s i n e ach su b ne t C o m p l e t e e ach o f t h e f o l l o w i ng : N O TE : If y o u cr e at e m o r e t h an f i v e su b ne t s, l i st t h e e x t r a o ne s t o o S e v e h b t E i g h t h b t ne ask 255255255224 st su ne 19 216 816 20 19 216 816 21-19 216 816 230 19 216 816 231 co nd su ne 19 216 816 232 19 216 816 233-19 216 816 262 19 216 816 263 Th su ne 19 216 816 264 19 216 816 265-19 216 816 294 19 216 816 295 su ne 19 216 816 296 19 216 816 297-19 216 816 2126 19 216 816 2127 su ne 19 216 816 2128 19 216 816 2129-19 216 816 2158 19 216 816 2159 su ne 19 216 816 2160 19 216 816 2161-19 216 816 2190 19 216 816 2191 nt su ne 19 216 816 2192 19 216 816 2193-19 216 816 2222 19 216 816 2223 su ne 19 216 816 2224 19 216 816 2225-19 216 816 2254 19 216 816 2255 E x a m p l e 2 C o m p any A B C w o u l d l i k e t o su b ne t i t s ne t w o r k (219 7 9 0) so t h at t h e r e ar e 3 2 se p ar at e su b ne t s Th e y w i l l ne e d 6 h o st s i n e ach su b ne t C o m p l e t e t h e f o l l o w i ng t ab l e : N O TE : B e cau se t h e r e ar e so m any su b ne t s, d o n' t w r i t e t h e m al l o u t (u nl e ss y o u j u st w ant t o ) If y o u can d o t h e f i r st t e n and k no w w h at t h e l ast o ne i s, y o u g e t t h e i d e a S e v e h b t E i g h t h b t N i h b t h b t i r t y b t ne ask 255255255248 st su ne 219 7 9 0 219 7 9 1-219 7 9 6 219 7 9 7 co nd su ne 219 7 9 8 219 7 9 9-219 7 9 14 219 7 9 15 Th su ne 219 7 9 16 219 7 9 17-219 7 9 22 219 7 9 23 su ne 219 7 9 24 219 7 9 25-219 7 9 30 219 7 9 31 su ne 219 7 9 32 219 7 9 33-219 7 9 38 219 7 9 39 su ne 219 7 9 40 219 7 9 41-219 7 9 46 219 7 9 47 nt su ne 219 7 9 48 219 7 9 49-219 7 9 54 219 7 9 55 su ne 219 7 9 56 219 7 9 57-219 7 9 62 219 7 9 63 nt su ne 219 7 9 64 219 7 9 65-219 7 9 70 219 7 9 71 Te nt su ne 219 7 9 72 219 7 9 73-219 7 9 78 219 7 9 79 Th -se co nd su ne 219 7 9 248 219 7 9 249-219 7 9 254 219 7 9 255

E x a m p l e 3 Th e A cm e C o m p any w o u l d l i k e t o su b ne t i t s ne t w o r k (19 5550) so t h at t h e r e ar e 50 se p ar at e su b ne t s Th e y w i l l ne e d o nl y 2 h o st s i n e ach su b ne t C o m p l e t e e ach o f t h e f o l l o w i ng : N O TE : B e cau se t h e r e ar e so m any su b ne t s, y o u d o n' t ne e d t o w r i t e t h e m al l o u t If y o u can f i l l i n t h e i nf o r m at i o n r e q u i r e d b e l o w (t h e su b ne t m ask, t h e ad d r e sse s f o r t h e f i r st f e w su b ne t s, and t h e t o t al nu m b e r o f su b ne t s cr e at e d ), y o u o b v i o u sl y g e t t h e i d e a S e v e h b t ne ask 255255255252 st su ne 19 5550 19 5551-19 5552 19 5553 co nd su ne 19 5554 19 5555-19 5556 19 5557 Th su ne 19 5558 19 5559-19 55510 19 55511 su ne 19 55512 19 55513-19 55514 19 55515 su ne 19 55516 19 55517-19 55518 19 55519 su ne 19 55520 19 55521-19 55522 19 55523 nt su ne 19 55524 19 55525-19 55526 19 55527 H o w m any su b ne t s ar e act u al l y cr e at e d w i t h t h i s su b ne t m ask y o u u se d? 64