Potential Development of Solar Thermal Power in Italy Vittorio Brignoli 1
Solar Thermal Power framework in Italy 2008 First Decree for STP: 2 Mm², storage obligation, terrain protection 2010 Italian Action Plan for RES:1700 GWhe/y & 600 MWe of STP by 2020 2012 New Decree on RES: New tariffs & facilitation for STP Incentives for Solar Thermal Power in Italy 25 years Fraction of integration [#] Up to 0,15 Incentive to be added to the selling price for plants up to 2500 m² of aperture - new Decree 2012 Incentive to be added to the selling price for plants above 2500 m² of aperture - new Decree 2012 between 0.15 and 0,50 above 0,50 0.36 [ ] 0.32 0.30 0.32 [ ] 0.30 0.27 Incentive to be added to the selling price old Decree 2008 0.28 [ ] 0.25 0.22 [#] The integration can be done with conventional fuels or other RES [ ] Only in this case the incentive tariff is recognised to the entire production of the plant 2
Solar Thermal Power framework in Italy Decree 2008 + new Decree 2012: Thermal storage is still mandatory but: aperture below 10000 m² : no storage obligation aperture from 10000 to 50000 m² : 0,4 kwh th /m² of aperture aperture above 50000 m² : 1,5 kwh th /m² of aperture No more minimal size required for incentivation Nominal target is 2,5 Mm² by 2020 250 MWe, Plants using synthetic oil HTF permitted only on industrial terrains New Decree is expected to facilitate: Small mineral oil parabolic trough plants, equipped with ORC turbine, hybridized with biomass, harvested from the local area. Small Fresnel collector systems, without storage, coupled with a steam turbine, hybridized with biomass, TREBIOS type molten salts system, proposed by ENEA Dish Stirling systems 3
Development of STP in Italy Action Plan for RES Development released in 2010 ( 20 20 20 package) targets for STP : 1700 GWhe/y & 600 MWe installed capacity by 2020 Estimated required land for AP STP targets 30 km² (1700 kwh/m²/y DNI x 11% avg. net eff. x 1/3 terrain occupation) New Decree 2012: Hybridization with biomass supported, no inferior limit on solar share. two questions: 1) Is there enough space for matching the Action Plan targets? 2) Which are the Regions with the best chance of installation of STP plants in Italy? 4
A study for estimate the distribution of STP in Italy STP community recommends installations: Inside the «Solar Belt» 40 N 40 S of latitude DNI minimal 1900 2000 kwh/m²/y but: The Italian laws support hybridization without limit, use of biomass for hybridization can extend the area suitable for STP facilities For the purpose of the estimation: DNI minimal for STP installation in South Italy is assumed to be 1600 kwh/m²/y which is available in the most of the flat territories in the 6 Regions of South & Mediterranean Italy 5
A criteria to estimate the distribution of STP in Italy The contribution of each Region to the capacity national target, 600 MWe, is assumed to be proportional to the regional suitable ideal surfaces which corresponds to the amount of suitable available land that could potentially hosts a multi-megawatt solar thermal power plant without relevant impact on the local environment, rural buildings and local infrastructures multiplied by a probability coefficient proportional to the annual availability of DNI. The criteria implies 4 progressive selection steps: suitable zones: flat zones located in the 6 Regions of South Italy suitable rough land: suitable zones outside the urban and industrial areas suitable available land: suitable rough land multiplied by a coefficient of land availability suitable ideal surface: suitable available land multiplied by a coefficient of probability of installation related with DNI availability 6
Suitable zones ( green + red) for the 6 Regions of South Italy: Campania, Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily and Sardinia. These areas have a slope inferior to 2% and a minimal continuous surface of 5 square kilometers, a DNI of 1600 kwh/m²/y. The urban and industrial areas (red) have been subtracted in the calculation of the suitable rough land. 7
Catania Plain 1000 m Suitable available land is evaluated multiplying the suitable rough land by a coefficient of land availability that reflects the presence of high valuable crops, rural buildings and presence of infrastructures. For Catania plain was assumed 0,5 in avg. 8
Nardò surroundings - Apulia Catania Plain - Sicily Tavoliere - Apulia Campidano Plain - Sardinia 9
Estimated Distribution of Solar Thermal Power in Italy Apulia, Sardinia and Sicily have the best probability to host STP facilities. The suitable ideal surface is more than 50 times larger than the amount required to match the Action Plan targets. Region Campania Apulia Basilicata Calabria Sicily Sardinia suitable zones suitable rough land km² availability fraction solar radiation probability factor suitable ideal surface km² Energy Distribution according Action Plan GWhe/a Capacity Distribution according Action Plan MWe Casert -Napoli - Volturno Plain 729,8 0,05 0,5 18 Battipaglia - River Sele Plain 186,0 0,20 0,6 22 total regional 916 41 45 16 0,78 2529 892 Foggia - Manfredonia Tavoliere 1875,9 0,70 0,6 788 Taranto surroundings 589,5 0,05 0,7 21 Bari surroundings 584,8 0,05 0,7 20 Brindisi surroundings 1097,1 0,02 0,7 15 Lecce - Salento surround. 1926,0 0,02 0,8 31 total regional 6073 875 968 342 17,24 54550 19253 Metaponto - Policoro Plain 100 0,10 0,7 7 total regional 100 7 8 3 0,14 436 154 Fasana surroundings 27,9 0,05 0,7 1 Catanzaro Lido surroundings 27,8 0,05 0,7 1 Sibari Plain 145,9 0,05 0,7 5 Lametia surroundings 29,5 0,10 0,8 2 total regional 231 9 10 4 0,18 587 207 Catania Plain 224,7 0,50 0,9 101 Lentini Plain 48,7 0,05 1,0 2 Mouth of Simeto River 18,9 0,20 1,0 4 Pachino Plain 12,9 0,30 1,0 4 Gela Plain 36,2 0,30 1,0 11 Mazara Plain 40,6 0,50 0,9 18 Petrosino Plain 59,8 0,07 0,9 4 Trapani surrondings 10,7 0,10 0,9 1 total regional 453 145 160 57 2,85 9042 3191 Campidano Plain 1124,5 0,50 0,8 450 Porto Torres surroundins 50,0 0,30 0,7 11 total regional 1175 460 509 180 9,07 28693 10127 South Italy total general 8947 1537 1700 600 30,26 95837 33825 land required km² Full Energy Potential GWhe/a Full Capacity Potential MWe 10
Final Remarks In Italy no STP plants have been realized after the Decree 2008 because of storage obligation and terrain protection Italian Action Plan for RES foresees 1700 GWhe/y & 600 MWe of STP by 2020; to match the targets 30 km² are sufficient New Decree 2012 increases the incentive and reduces the obligation for storage; Small plants hybridized are favored 400 MWe are in discussion.. Analysis based on suitable available land and DNI shows that in South Italy there is a suitable ideal surface which is 50 times larger than the amount requested for the targets. The max potential capacity is estimated in 34 GWe. Apulia, Sardinia and Sicily are the most favored Regions Results indicate that development of STP in Italy is not blocked from lack of space or DNI, but mainly from the constraints on the use of territory 11
Thank you for your attention Vittorio Brignoli This work has been financed by the Research Fund for the Italian Electrical System under the Contract Agreement between RSE (formerly known as ERSE) and the Ministry of Economic Development - General Directorate for Nuclear Energy, Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency stipulated on July 29, 2009 in compliance with the Decree of March 19, 2009 12