Renewable Energy Application in Pakistan Potential and Barriers Bernhard Meyhoefer Principal Advisor GIZ-Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (REEE) Programme House No 11B, Street No 50, F-8/4, Islamabad, Pakistan 29.03.2011 Seite 1
Energy and Power Situation in Pakistan Energy and Power requirements in the future for Pakistan Potential Renewable Energy Sources in Pakistan Barriers for the Development of Renewable Energy Projects 29.03.2011 Seite 2
Primary Energy Supplies of Pakistan Total Primary Energy Supply 63 MTOE (HDIP-Energy Year book-2008-09) Coal 9% LPG 1% Hydro Electricity 11% Nuclear Electricity 1% Oil 31% The Pakistan per capita energy consumption (0.36) TOE is one fifth of the world average of 1.77 TOE (IAE 2008) Gas 47% 29.03.2011 Seite 3
Installed Power Generation Capacity of Pakistan : WAPDA Thermal 6441 MW Hydel Nuclear 6464 MW 462 MW IPPs-Thermal 32% WAPDA Thermal 33% IPPS (Thermal) 6154 MW Total 19521 MW The per capita electricity consumption 402kWh is less than one sixth of the world average of 2,516 kwh (IEA 2008) Nuclear 2% WAPDA Hydel 33% 29.03.2011 Seite 4
MW Electric Power Demand (2007-2025) Pakistan 120000 101478 100000 80000 72169 60000 44903 40000 20000 22353 35413 0 17328 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 2025 2028 29.03.2011 Seite 5
Million Ton of Oil Equivalent (MTOE) Energy Mix Plan Projections (Vision 2030-PC,GoP) 400 361.31 350 300 5% of the Power Consumption 255.37 Nuclear 250 Renewable 200 177.35 Hydro 150 100 50 50.8 79.39 120.18 Coal Natural Gas Oil 0 2004 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 29.03.2011 Seite 6
Indigenous Energy Projection (Vision 2030, Planning Commission) 29.03.2011 Seite 7
Renewable Energy Potential of Pakistan Hydropower Documented potential : 51700 MW including large Hydros source PPIB, MoW&P Solar PV Pakistan receives one of the best solar irradiation in the world average solar irradiation is 5-7kWh/m 2 /day It can produce over a Million MW of Solar PV electricity provided the adequate space for installation (Source: NREL-USAID- study) 29.03.2011 Seite 8
Renewable Energy Potential of Pakistan( Cont..) Wind Power Total wind power potential : over 300,000 MW (Source NREL-USAID study) Solar Thermal average solar irradiation 5-7 kw/m 2 /day It can produce thousands of MW from Thermal Solar Power exact figure is not yet documented Strong irradiation can be used for solar water Heaters (Households as well as Industrial applications) 29.03.2011 Seite 9
Wind and Solar Energy Maps of Pakistan 29.03.2011 Seite 10
Renewable Energy Potential of Pakistan( Cont..) Biomass Estimated potential of biogas production: 8.8 to 17.2 billion m 3 (equiv. to 55 to 106 TWh of energy equal to Pakistan current total power requirements) Additionally an estimate electricity production from biogas: 5700 GWh (6.6% of Pakistan current power generation) Source: Study of Energy Economics and Policy ETH Zurich Other Sources like Geo Thermal etc. Potential exists but so far not properly evaluated and documented 29.03.2011 Seite 11
Barriers to the Development of RES Policy Challenges Lack of Competition with conventional energy--- (economic incentives e.g. feed-in-tariff, time consuming and long licensing procedures, exclusion of external costs on non RES, etc. Poor Infrastructure and Market Access RES power evacuation requires grid reinforcement, adequate grid codes and related infrastructure, which means investment in power infrastructure allowing RES into the national grid 29.03.2011 Seite 12
Barriers to the Development of RES (Cont..) Institutional Barrier coordination and aligned decisions between relevant agencies of GoP required (AEDB, NEPRA, MoW&P, MoP&NRS etc.) to improve investment in RES Information base and technical capacity Shortage of technical information (e.g. wind speed data, sunshine data, etc) Shortage of technical professional and service companies (consultants, contractors, equipment suppliers etc.) 29.03.2011 Seite 13
Barriers to the Development of RES (Cont..) Financial Barrier and lack of investors confidence Availability of adequate funds and financial incentive schemes for RES, Power circular debt, Country security and political risks Lack of social awareness Inadequate awareness of general public about RES advantages and technology issues 29.03.2011 Seite 14
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 29.03.2011 Seite 15