AP BIOLOGY ANIMAL FORM & FUNCTION ACTIVITY #3 NAME DATE HOUR CIRCULATION & GAS EXCHANGE 1. In general, what is the function of transport systems? 2. What method/structure do most invertebrates use for internal transport? 3. How does an open circulatory system differ from a closed system? Open Circulatory System Closed Circulatory System 4. Match the description with the correct term. A. Arteries D. Cardiovascular system B. Atrium E. Ventricle C. Capillaries F. Veins Internal transport system in humans and other vertebrates that consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood Heart chamber that receives blood Heart chamber that pumps blood Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart Microscopic blood vessels with thin, porous walls; site of gas and material exchange between tissues and blood Animal Form & Function Activity #3 page 1
5. Complete the following chart comparing the generalized circulatory schemes of vertebrates Vertebrate Group Fish # Heart Chambers # of Circuits for Blood Flow Amphibians Reptiles Mammals 6. How is the systemic circuit of blood flow different from the pulmonary circuit? Systemic Circuit Pulmonary Circuit 7. The drawing below shows the internal structures of the heart and the great vessels attached to the heart. Color the following parts on the diagram. Superior vena Cava (A) Inferior vena cava (B) Right atrium (C) Right ventricle (D) Tricuspid valve (E) Chordae tendineae (F) Papillary muscle (G) Pulmonary trunk (H) Pulmonary semilunar valve (I) Pulmonary artery (J) Pulmonary vein (K) Left atrium (L) Left ventricle (M) Bicuspid (mitral) valve (N) Aortic arch (O) Thoracic aorta (P) Aortic semilunar valve (Q) Animal Form & Function Activity #3 page 2
8. What is the function of the valves inside the heart? 9. Match the function with the correct valve. A. Aortic semilunar valve P. Pulmonary semilunar valve B. Bicuspid valve T. Tricuspid valve Prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium Prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium Prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle Prevents backflow of blood from the pulmonary trunk (artery) into the right ventricle 10. Describe what happens during: Systole Diastole 11. Trace the path of blood through the heart by coloring the arrows on the diagram at the right. The shaded arrows show the path of deoxygenated blood. Use blue to color the shaded arrows. The other arrows show the path of oxygenated blood. Use red to color these arrows. Animal Form & Function Activity #3 page 3
12. Identify the type of blood (Oxygenated or Deoxygenated) carried or pumped by each of the following structures. Use the drawing in #11 for help. Aorta Left atrium Pulmonary trunk/arteries Right atrium Inferior vena cava Left ventricle Pulmonary veins Right ventricle Superior vena cava 13. Use the word list below to complete the following. Aorta Inferior vena cava Left atrium Left ventricle Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary veins Right atrium Right ventricle Superior vena cava The and carry blood into the right atrium. The pumps blood into the right ventricle. The pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk. The carry blood to the lungs. The carry blood to the left atrium. The pumps blood into the left ventricle. The pumps blood into the aorta. The carries blood to the body. Animal Form & Function Activity #3 page 4
14. The diagram at the right shows the components of the conduction system. Color the following parts on the diagram. SA node (A) Internodal tract (B) AV node (C) AV Bundle (D) Purkinje fibers (E) 15. Match the description with the correct conduction system component. Use the key provided to indicate your answers. A. SA node B. AV node C. AV bundle & branches D. Purkinje fibers Sinoatrial node Located in the right atrium just inferior to the entrance of the superior vena cava Atrioventricular node Located in the lower atrial septum at the junction of atria and ventricles Located within the interventricular septum Located within the walls of the ventricles Pacemaker Provides the stimulus for contraction Sets the rate of depolarization for heart as whole Delays conduction of the impulse Animal Form & Function Activity #3 page 5
16. Listed below are the events that cause the heart to contract. Put the steps in the correct order. Depolarization of the SA node Impulse passes along the Purkinje fibers Impulse spreads throughout the atria AV node receives impulse Impulse passes through the AV bundle AV node delays conduction of the impulse for approximately 0.1 sec. Atria contract Impulse passes through the bundle branches Ventricles contract 17. Identify the component of blood described in each of the following. Ps = Plasma Pt = Platelets R = Red blood cells W = White blood cells Consists of water and dissolved materials Transport dissolved materials Erythrocytes Most numerous blood cells Cells are biconcave in shape, lack a nucleus at maturity, and contain hemoglobin Transports oxygen and help transport carbon dioxide Leukocytes Monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes Fight infections Cell fragments Involved in blood clotting Animal Form & Function Activity #3 page 6
18. What two events occur during gas exchange? 19. Complete the following chart comparing respiratory structures. Structure Brief Description Limitations Skin Gills Trachea Lungs Animal Form & Function Activity #3 page 7
20. Color the following parts on the diagrams below. Nasal cavity (A) Pharynx (B) Larynx (C) Trachea (D) Primary bronchi (E) Secondary bronchi (E 1 ) Tertiary bronchi (E 2 ) Bronchiole (F) Respiratory bronchiole (F 1 ) Alveolar duct (G) Alveolar sac (H) Alveolus (H 1 ) Capillary (I) Animal Form & Function Activity #3 page 8
21. Read the Ventilating the Lungs section pages 830 832 and answer the questions that follow. How is positive pressure breathing different from negative pressure breathing? Positive Pressure Breathing Negative Pressure Breathing Indicate if each of the following events occurs during Inhalation or during Exhalation. Diaphragm contracts and moves down Rib cage expands as rib muscles contract Volume in chest cavity increases Pressure inside chest cavity decreases Air enters lungs Diaphragm relaxes and moves up Rib cage gets smaller as rib muscles relax Volume in chest cavity decreases Pressure in chest cavity increases Air exits lungs Animal Form & Function Activity #3 page 9