ENERGY MODELING AS A SUCCESS FACTOR IN BUILDING DESIGN Case Study: Center for Interactive Research on Sustainability (CIRS) - University of British Columbia Martina Soderlund M.Sc.,BEMP, LEED AP, Stantec Consulting Twitter hashtag: #ps10
GOAL OF PRESENTATION Demonstrate how building performance modeling can be used to influence and inform design
PRESENTATION OUTLINE Part I Introduction Why do we need modeling? Benefits for a project Value of modeling Part II Case study CIRS Q&A
PART I - INTRODUCTION Where we are Source: Energy Information Administration Statistics (Architecture 2030)
INTRODUCTION Where we need to go Source: Mazria Inc. 2005 (Assumes a 15% embodied energy reduction in the construction of new buildings) (Architecture 2030)
INTRODUCTION Buildings more complex today Interrelated system interactions Competing variables Tradeoffs for balance Balance based on decisions
INTRODUCTION Total - US Energy Consumption 100 90 Energy Used in the Life of a Building 100 90 20% Embodied Energy 80 70 60 50 80 70 60 50 80% Operating Energy 40 30 20 10 0 40% of the Total Energy Consumption is in Building Energy Consumption 40 30 20 10 0 Source: Rocky Mountain Institute Need to focus on performance
FOCUS ON PERFORMANCE What do we mean by performance? Performance indicators Usability (form, function) Occupant comfort (temp, humidity, light) Passive performance (envelope) Operational performance (lighting, HVAC) Energy consumption (kwh/m2/yr) Carbon footprint (tco2/yr) Water consumption (L/year) Life cycle costs (NPV, IRR) Set performance targets
MANY DECISIONS TO BE MADE What is the best concept for my design? Modeling can help as an informative design decision making tool
ENVELOPE CONSIDERATIONS Building Envelope Optimization Building geometry % glazing Glazing type How much insulation Shading Natural ventilation Solar gain versus daylight? Need to evaluate competing variables
HVAC SYSTEM PERFORMANCE What is the best HVAC system for our building? Annual Energy Consumption per Un nit Area (kwh/m 2 /year) 350 300 250 200 150 100-50 % of roof area required for PV & SHW 250% Energy Utilization Intensity by End Use (kwh/m 2/year) MNECB Reference Proposed Baseline Scenario 1 Scenario 2 TOTAL 310 152 76 55 DHW 58 24 19 15 Fans 20 26 7 2 Plug Loads 10 10 10 8 Pumps 8 1 2 2 Lights 30 18 13 6 Appliances 36 19 19 17 Space Heating 148 54 6 5 150% 90% 65% System selection Analyze scenarios Analyze performance Renewables Payback Interactions?
VERIFY AND OPTIMIZE THE SYSTEM Does our design do what we want it to do?
SPATIAL CONSIDERATIONS How can we minimze glare, but optimize daylight? Before After
CROSS-DICIPLINARY CONSIDERATIONS Daylight vs electrical lighting and energy consumption?
WHAT HAS THIS TO DO WITH MODELING? The building function as one system Need to understand interactions
BENEFITS FOR A PROJECT Link/integrate design diciplines Evaluate competing variables Whole building-system- climate interactions Performance based data Comfort Energy GHG Cost
PURPOSE AND TYPES OF MODELING Know the purpose Energy Code Compliance Incentive Programs Design Guidance (SD, DD, CD) Verify Performance (Post Occ, M&V) LEED Compliance Modeling - energy - comfort - daylighting - M&V
PURPOSE AND TYPES OF MODELING Know the purpose Energy Code Compliance Incentive Programs Design Guidance (SD, DD, CD) Verify Performance (Post Occ, M&V) LEED Compliance Modeling - energy - comfort - daylighting - M&V
VALUE OF MODELING Make a plan for modeling Start early involve the modeler into design team Know the purpose and the questions to be answered
PART II CASE STUDY Rendering by Busby Perkins + Will
CENTRE FOR INTERACTIVE RESEARCH ON SUSTAINABILITY (CIRS) Vision: To be the most innovative and high performance building in North America and an internationally recognized leader in accelerating the adoption of sustainable building and urban development practices. Rendering by Busby Perkins + Will
UBC POINT GREY CAMPUS, BRITISH COLUMBIA
UBC POINT GREY CAMPUS, BRITISH COLUMBIA Rendering by Busby Perkins + Will
PROJECT OVERVIEW Academic building 5,600 m 2 4 storeys + basement Offices/labs (dry labs) Auditorium 450 people Total cost ~ $37 million Rendering by Busby Perkins + Will
PROJECT OVERVIEW Rendering by Busby Perkins + Will
CIRS PERFORMANCE GOALS 1. Net-energy producer 2. Net-zero carbon 3. Zero liquid waste 4. Rainwater collection for potable use 5. 100% access to daylight
MODELING TIMELINE FOR CIRS Daylight Charrette Atrium & Office Thermal Office Thermal Update Post-Tender Energy Study Energy Charrette 1,000,000 Schematic Energy study LEED Energy EAc1 800,000 kwh/year 600,000 400,000 200,000 PV Panels Exterior Use DHW Vent Fans Pumps &Aux Heat Rejection Cooling Heating Misc. Equipment Lights 0 Lab Exh GSHP Reference ASHRAE -200,000 SD DD CD IFC Occ.
DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS EXAMPLE Benefit: Daylight to reduce electrical energy Benefit: Occupant comfort & health Goal: Glare mitigation & optimized daylight distribution Studied: Exterior shades, interior light shelves
DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS EXAMPLE Lightshelves no large impact in this case Building geometry beneficial Reduce lighting energy consumption by approx 26%
THERMAL MODELING EXAMPLE Benefit: Reduce peak loads, heating & cooling Goal: Confirm occupanct comfort Studied: Effect of natural ventilation Studied: Shades configuration
ATRIUM STUDY EXAMPLE
DESIGN FEATURES PASSIVE STRATEGIES Optimized high performance envelope 100% daylight in occupied spaces Solar shading with BIPV Natural ventilation 30% Glazing Operable Windows 50% Glazing BIPV
ENERGY PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS BC Hydro HPBP study Compare to a market baseline building 18 ECMs applied individually Energy savings Energy cost savings GHG emissions Basic LCCA for capital incentive Confirm the energy balance with EOS
EXAMPLE STUDIED ECM S SCHEMATIC STUDY Energy Conservation Strategy Overall Energy Saving R-value walls (R-20) 5% R-value roof (R-40) 2% Optimized glazing (U, SHGC) 16% External shading -0.5% Lighting (reduced LPD) 2% Lighting (sensors) 2% Optimized system (UFAD, Radiant) 21% DHW low flow fixtures 1% Solar hot water heating 1% PV panels 2% Local heat recovery 23% EOS lab exhaust heat recovery system 42% EOS lab exhaust HR + ground field 39% Total Compared to Market Baseline 66%
DESIGN FEATURES ENERGY EFFICIENT HVAC Natural ventilation (cooling) UFAD and DCV Radiant slab - heating Heat recovery strategies Central heat pumps (water-to-water)
ENERGY SOURCES HEATING & COOLING 1. Earth and Ocean Sciences Building (EOS) 174 kw 2. Local exhaust air heat recovery (CIRS) 121 kw 3. Ground Field 67 kw
ENERGY SOURCES - RENEWABLES PV panel capacity 25kW Brise Soleil elemets - 105 m 2 Panels atrium roof - 64 m 2 Generate ~20 MWh/year 40m 2 solar hot water panels on roof Meeting 60% of DHW load Reducing DHW heating by ~ 15 MWh/year Renewable Energy: ~ 6% of total energy consumption
ENERGY BALANCE NET ZERO STRATEGY Energy source: EOS lab exhaust Energy sink: preheat EOS MAU s
ENERGY BALANCE - SUMMARY
ENERGY PERFORMANCE
OVERALL PERFORMANCE - ENERGY NET PRODUCER MW h/ yr - 1,226 CIRS Market Baseline 585 Reduction at UBC plant - UBC 'Net Negative' Energy -277-600 -862 W asteheat accepted by EO S
GHG AND ENERGY BALANCE Summary Results Market Baseline Proposed Design UBC Total Reduction of Natural Gas Purchase (kwh/yr) Total Energy (ekwh/yr) 1,225,900 585,400 n/a EUI (kwh/m2/yr) 223 106 n/a UBC Net Energy Reduction: 277 MWh Waste Heat accepted UBC Net GHG Reduction: 141 tonnes by EOS preheat kwh/yr n/a 603,500 862,100 GHG generation CIRS ( t CO2e/yr) GHG reduction UBC ( t CO2e/yr) 151 13 n/a n/a n/a 154
KEY SUCCESS AND LESSON LEARNED Set up performance goals for sustainability Make a plan for modeling start early Involve the design team and inform Inform the modeler of design changes A model will never be better than it s user and the inputs it is based on
RECAP We are responsible and can make a difference Set performance targets for sustainability Modeling can be a valuable design tool Look at interactions and competing variables Value of modeling is highest at early stages of design process
THANK YOU! MARTINA SODERLUND, M.SC., BEMP, LEED AP Sustainable Building Analyst Stantec 1100-111 Dunsmuir Street Vancouver BC V6B 6A3 Ph: (604) 696-8118 Fx: (604) 696-8100 martina.soderlund@stantec.com Twitter hashtag: #ps10