Distributed Energy Systems

Transcription

1 VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND LTD Distributed Energy Systems Kari Sipilä, Principal Scientist VTT, Smart Energy Systems

2 What is DESY DESY is R&D program for local energy systems covering the chain from research to business DESY develops and demonstrates new hybrid energy systems (concept design and optimization) DESY is co-operation research program with consumers, companies and research scientists Local district energy = sustainable hybrid energy production using local renewable energy sources 12/06/2015 2

3 DESY vision and targets Energy systems in future will based on believable, independent, self-sufficient and ecological energy production Renewable energy sources will be utilized in optimal and sustainable way Fact: Energy production is nowadays too dependent on external factors in several countries! 12/06/2015 3

4 Companies and Researchers 12/06/

5 DESY Distributed Energy Systems Program structure Program output DESY (heating, cooling, powering) R&D&I, demonstrations and sustainable goals Theme 1 Energy production Buildings Solution platform Farming and Food Industries Technologies - Hybrid solutions and energy storing Turism and Free-time Theme 2 Business Concepts Theme 3 Local sustainable energy and areal planning 12/06/2015 5

6 Summary of DESY resources and publications Time Budget one Meur Total amount of 29 people were connected to the project during 2.5 years. In the project was written 5 scientific articles 10 conference papers 7 internal deliverables 1 Dr Thesis 6 MSc Diploma Final summary report 12 technical reports totally 41 technical publications. 12/06/

7 Two-zone single-family house 12/06/

8 Annual heat balance of 2-zone house in and ZnB-building 12/06/

9 Regional simulation model 12/06/

10 DESY hybrid energy systems and energy storing Data Distance operation Weather forecast BioBoiler Storage Solar Energy trade Wind DISTRICS 1. Design 2. Simulation 3. Optimization BUILDINGS 1. Design 2. Simulation 3. Optimization Heat pump Economics Geo BioCHP Energy citymap HWAC-net E-net DHC-net P-net Environmental/ Sustainability 12/06/

11 Demonstrations 1. Biorefinery including the production of biogas and bioethanol 2. Zero-energy building including the buildings and its heating system (Hyvinkää) /300 kw Eko-CHP plant with hot air turbine (Lappeenranta) 4. Energy village (Vaasa/ Ostrobothnia); 4/construction ph. + 1/planning ph.(närväjoki) 5. Hybrid energy production (Eco Energy Centre, Karjalohja); HP, wind, solar 6. Solar energy plants (School/Helsinki/Helen, Sakarinmäki) 7. Energy self-sufficient farms (3) in Central Finland Innovation Research Development Demonstrations Market 12/06/

12 Case 2: Net zero energy building Blok Hyvinkää housing fair 2013 Laajuus, 150 k-m 2 Ground source heating and cooling Solar shading PV ~ 9 kw Solar heat High insulation level, air tightness Efficient heat recovery Yearly balance target = zero Architect: Tiina Antinoja 12/06/

13 Tammi Helmi Maalis Huhti Touko Kesä Heinä Elo Syys Loka Marras Joulu Hybrid heated building Talon sähkön tarve 8500 kwh/v Floor area 150 k-m 2, HP + solar PV and solar collectors + heat storage CO 2 emission kg/house/25 a 1600, , , ,00 800,00 600,00 400,00 200,00 0,00 Net zero energy house s variation in electricity demand and production (kwh) Blok-talo, lämmityksen sähkönkulutus Blok-talo, valaistus + laitteet Aurinkosähköä Electricity for heating Electricity demand 4010 kwh Lighting 3935 kwh Solar PV electricity production 9935 kwh Net consumption 1990 kwh 12/06/

14 Hyvinkää ZnE-Building 12/06/

15 Case 3: Eko-CHP plant, Lappeenranta 100 e /300 th kw Eko-CHP plant Hot air -turbine Fuel: pellets or wood chips Modular construction 12/06/

16 Case 5: Eco energy center, Karjalohja Floor area of building group 1500 m 2 Heating demand 219 MWh/a (146 kwh/m 2,a) Electricity demand 142 MWh/a (95 kwh/m 2,a) Radiator heating and new floor heating 12/06/

17 Hybrid eco energy system Basic heating energy system is heat pump (40 kw th, COP = 4.5) with 4 boreholes per 200 m each Also installed 15 kw solar PV, solar collectors and 20 kw wind power Electricity car loading should be possible Electricity trade Installed steel tank with a volume of 1000 l and capacity of 25 kwh ( T= 30 C) as a short time heat storage 12/06/

18 Eco Energy Center; simulation a) b) Heat and electricity demand, when solar PV (a) or wind (b) is available in week 20, April. 12/06/

19 Eco Energy Centre; simulation Heat pump, heat storage and solar PV in week 20, April Heat pump, heat storage and wind power in week 20, April Ground heat pump 40 kw (cop 4.5), Wind power 20 kw or Solar PV power 15 kw (100 m 2 ), Heat storage 25 kwh (1000 l, heat power in/out 50 kw), Test period 1 week. The price of electricity follows the price of electricity trade market, transportation price is 6.0 c/kwh, tax of electricity 2.11 c/kwh and profit of sale 0.1 c/kwh. 12/06/

20 Eco Energy Centre; simulation Simulation result of hybrid energy system with heat pump, heat storage, solar PV and wind power as well as electricity trade to/from local network. 12/06/

21 Sustainability assessment of the hybrid system Total GHG emissions in the different cases Monthly GHG emissions in the different cases (excluding production of heat pumps and solar panels. The sustainability assessment for greenhouse gas emissions. Emissions calculated over 20 years. Four different cases: Case 1, there are ground-source heat pumps with heat storage and 100 m 2 (15 kw) solar PV panels. Case 2, same as Case 1 but there is no heat storage Case 3, ground-source heat pumps with heat storage, but no solar panels. Ref. case, only electric heating 12/06/

22 Photos of hybrid eco center Saved money by using heat pump gives 6.5 years pay-back time with 5 % of interest compared to direct electricity cost of heating If Solar PV panels of 15 kw is included the pay-back time is 9 y Wind power 20 kw with heat pump gives also pay-back time of 9 y 12/06/

23 Heat pump and heat storage Heat source drilling Wind power unit Solar PV cells Distributed Energy System (DESY) Hybrid energy system Solar collectors 12/06/

24 Conclusions, buildings Extremely well insulated envelope and effective heat recovery from exhaust air it is possible to achieve the passive house level 15 kwh/m 2 Improvements in HVAC systems are more cost-effective than improving all the time the thermal insulation of the envelope from the Finnish reference values of the year 2012 ZnB level is difficult to reach because of heating of hot water, if you do not build also solar heating system for heating or/and warm waste water recovering system ZnB resulted in lower environmental impacts than the other cases (district heating Case, electricity Case) in all environmental impact categories except for eutrophication impacts Investments in heating and heat recovery devices are the most advantageous ones 12/06/

25 Conclusions, hybrid solutions Hybrid solar PV or wind power is used with heat pump and electricity purchase is included as well. Saved money by using heat pump gives 6.5 years pay-back time with 5 % compared to direct electricity cost of heating. If Solar PV panels of 15 kw is included the pay-back time is 9 years. Wind power 20 kw with heat pump gives also pay-back time of 9 years Three self-sufficient case farms (two grain farms and one dairy farm) with solar energy and wind energy were too expensive investment for reasonable pay-back time compared to bio fuel used in the boiler. While comparing return of investment time heat pump has faster payback time (8,2 years) compared to those of wood chips (10,2 years) and pellets (14,2 years) 12/06/

26 Conclusions, optimisation and GHG emissions Based on the developed sustainability optimization framework, it is possible to compare different local hybrid energy production options from the wide sustainability perspective. It is possible to weigh the different sustainability criteria with local priorities and to find the locally optimal solution for energy production system The environmental sustainability study of the Eco-CHP case showed that it is possible to reduce significantly the local GHG emissions by replacing even part of the natural gas heat production with biomass CHP plant and considerable in Eco-CHP concept Expert views there is much potential for small-scale production, but the future development can take very different paths, depending on how energy policy, citizen involvement, and business concepts evolve 12/06/