BIOMASS
World total Energy Supply
Global Warming
What is a Biofuel Solid biomass and animal products Gas/Liquids from Biomass Municipal waste Industrial waste Agricultural waste Dedicated energy plants
Biomass utilisation Forest industry sector (Black liquor+other biomass) District heating sector in Sweden, (25 TWh 2000. 4 times increase since 1990) Single family houses (Wood logs) Biogas
Black Liquor Gasification
Content Black Liquor Recovery boilers Gasification of Black Liquor Black Liquor as Automotive fuel Ongoing research at LTU
Black Liquor in perspective Product Grain 1350 Iron/Steel 810 Salt 120 Milk 419 Potatoes 220 Black Liquor 150 Sugar 50 Mton/year Fuel Mtons/year Oil 3800 Coal 2200 Gas 1850 Gasoline 1000 Black Liquor 150
Black Liquor in the Chemical world Constituents of Sodium NaOH,, Na 2 S, Na 2 CO 3, Na 2 SO 4 Typical Elementary Analysis C 39% H 4% O 34% Na 19% S 4%
Where does black liquor come from? Black liquor is produced in the pulping process White liquor is used as cooking liquid. Organic material is dissolved into the white liquor to produce black liquor Important to recover the black liquor because there are no other utilisation areas of interest
Content Black Liquor Recovery boilers Gasification of Black Liquor Black Liquor as Automotive fuel Ongoing research at LTU
Recovery Boilers Wood chips Steam Turbine Digester White Liquor Black Liquor Recovery Boiler Steam Pulp Green Liquor Caustizisation
Content Black Liquor Recovery boilers Gasification of Black Liquor Black Liquor as Automotive fuel Ongoing research at LTU
Gasification of Black Liquor GASIFIER Black Liquor Steam Turbine Flue gases Steam Green Liquor Gas Turbine Steam generator Exhaust gases
Estimated Black Liquor Production Black Liquor as Dry Solids (Mton) 300 250 200 150 100 50 South America Oceania North America Europe Asia Africa World ~ 600 TWh Sweden 39 TWh South America 44 TWh North America 350 TWh Europe 120 TWh 3.6 3.0 2.4 1.8 1.2 0.6 Approx. Energy Content, LHV (EJ) 0 0.0 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 ASIA Japan 80 TWh 50 TWh
Electric Power Potential from Gasification Electricity Generated (TWh) 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Max potential BLGCC Max Potential BLGCC Max potential for new Recovery boilers Max Potential New Recovery Boilers Current Recovery Boilers Existing Recovery boilers 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Benefits from BL gasification Increased electricity supply: : 1000 MW Approximately 600 Recovery Boilers in the world today: Investment in order of 1 billion SEK
Content Black Liquor Recovery boilers Gasification of Black Liquor Black Liquor as Automotive fuel Ongoing research at LTU
Black Liquor as Automotive Fuel GASIFIER Black Liquor Flue gases Chemical Synthesis Steam Turbine Automotive Fuels H2, DME, Methanol Steam Green Liquor Gas Turbine Steam generator Exhaust gases
Schematic of a methanol/dme production plant Air/oxygen District heating Methanol/ DME Biofuel Drying Gasifying Gas cooler and cleaner CO 2 shift Methanol synthesis Distillation
Black Liquor as Automotive fuel 20 TWh DME Black Liquor Energy 39 TWh 20 TWh Methanol 24 TWh Hydrogen 20 TWh corresponds to 25% to Sweden s demand of automotive fuels year 2000
Content Black Liquor Recovery boilers Gasification of Black Liquor Black Liquor as Automotive fuel Research at LTU
Research at LTU Eight subprojects in cooperation with ETC, Umeå,, Chalmers and LTU DP1 under construction in Piteå
The Chemrec-process Flow entrained reactor High temperature gasification
The Quench Gas from reactor Gas to CCC Cooling ring Primary quench Water Secondary quench ("bubble bath") Condensate Weak wash Green liquor
CFD Simulations Inlet Inlet Outlet Outlet Green Liquor Green Liquor
CFD Simulations Inlet Inlet Green liquor
CFD Simulations Inlet Inlet Outlet
CFD Simulations Inlet Inlet Outlet Green Liquor Outlet Green Liquor Particle size 3 mm Particle size 10 µm
Forecast Sweden Energy supply 2050 TWh/year 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 d Spillvärme Vätgas Solenergi Vindkraft Biobränsle Olja/Kol Gas Kärnkraft Vattenkraft År 1995 År 2050 8 Mt C År 2050 4 Mt C