Class: Date: chapter 9 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.. Which of the following reactions is an example of alpha particle emission? 9 K + e 8 Ar 9 9 38 Sr 39 Y + e 58 59 6 Fe + n 6 Fe Sc Ca + e 3 39 95 Am 93 Np + He. Which of the following reactions is an example of beta particle emission? 99 99 Mo 3 Tc + e 9 K + e 8 Ar 9 K 8 Ar + e 38 3 9 U 9 Th + He 3 8 9 Th 88 Ra + He 3. Which of the following reactions is an example of a fusion reaction? 3 8 9 Th 88 Ra + He 3 3 5 P Si + e 3 H + H He + n 8 8 35 Br 36 Kr + e 38 3 9 U 9 Th + He. Which of the following reactions is an example of positron emission? 7 3 89 Ac 87 Fr + He 8 8 37 Rb + e 36 Kr 7 7 Ca Sc + e 58 59 6 Fe + n 6 Fe 3 3 5 P Si + e
5. Which of the following reactions is an example of K-electron capture? 58 59 6 Fe + n 6 Fe 9 K + e 8 Ar 39 35 9 Pu 9 U + He 95 95 3 Tc Mo + e 6 C 7 N + e 6. If a nucleus emits an alpha particle, its mass number decreases by. decreases by. remains the sam increases by. decreases by. 7. If a nucleus captures an electron, its atomic number decreases by decreases by. remains the sam increases by. increases by. 8. If a nucleus emits a beta particle, its atomic number decreases by. decreases by. remains the sam increases by. increases by. 9. If a nucleus captures an alpha particle and then emits a beta particle its atomic number decreases by one and its mass number increases by. its atomic number increases by one and its mass number increases by. its atomic number increases by three and its mass number increases by. its atomic number increases by two and its mass number increases by 3. its atomic number decreases by one and its mass number increases by 3.. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT gamma emission can accompany nuclear decay, such as beta emission. gamma rays can be used to extend the shelf life of food products. gamma rays have the same properties as electrons. gamma emission consists of high energy photons. gamma rays move at the speed of light.
. What element is produced by the alpha decay of 83 Bi? 8 Tl 8 79 Au 6 8 Tl 6 8 Bi 78 Pt 7. What element is produced by the beta decay of 87 Fr? 6 86 Rn 6 87 Fr 7 86 Rn 7 88 Ra 8 87 Fr 3. Complete the following neutron bombardment reaction. 38 U + n + e 9 37 9 Pa 39 9 Pa 39 9 U 39 9 Np 39 93 Np 3
. Complete the following nuclear decay reaction. Ra + He 88 7 86 Rn 7 88 Ra 7 9 U 5 86 Rn 5 9 Th 5. Complete the following nuclear reaction. 9 98 Cf + 6 C + n 37 9 U 9 U 5 98 Cf 57 Rf 6 Rf 6. Write the balanced nuclear equation for the formation of 8 8 3 Al Si + e 8 Na + He Si 8 8 5 P Si + e 8 8 5 P + e Si 7 8 Si + n Si 8 Si from beta emission.
7. Write a balanced nuclear equation for the positron emission reaction undergone by 6 C. 8. 8 6 C 5 B + n 6 C 6 C + n 6 C 5 B + e 3 6 C 6 C + e 6 C 7 N + e Hg undergoes electron captur Write a balanced nuclear equation for this process. 8 Hg + e 8 Au 8 Hg + e 79 Au 8 Hg + e 79 Au 8 Hg + e 8 Tl 8 Hg + e 8 Tl 9. Complete the following nuclear fission reaction. 35 9 U + n 37 89 Te + + 3 e + 3 n 39 5 Te 56 Ba 55 Cs 58 Ce 7 6 Pm 5
. Complete the following nuclear fission reaction. 35 9 U + n 56 Ba + 36 9 Kr + He He 3 e 3 e 3 n. The following nuclear reaction is an example of. H He + e fusion fission gamma radiation emission beta emission hydrogen combustion. The following reaction is an example of. 36 96 36 9 U 39 Y + 53 I + n fusion fission gamma radiation emission beta emission neutron bombardment 3. What is the relationship between the rate constant and the half-life for nuclear decay. rate = kt / n.693 k = t k = ln (.693t / ) k = n( ) t k =.693t / 6
. The half-life for the decay of uranium-35 is 7. 8 years. How many years does it take for.6 g U-35 to decay to. g U-35?.8 8 yr. 9 yr.8 9 yr. yr. yr 5. How long does it take for 5 mg of tritium, 3 H, to decay to 35. mg? The half-life of tritium is.3 yr..3 yr. yr 9.5 yr.6 yr 36.9 yr 6 6 6. 7 Co is used in radiotherapy and has a half-life of 5.6 yr. How long does it take for a sample of 7 Co to decompose to 5.% of its original size?.63 yr 5.6 yr.5 yr 5.8 yr. yr 7. How many atoms decay in hours in a 3.5-8 Ci source? ( Ci = 3.7 atom/s). - atoms.6 atoms 5. atoms 5.6 7 atoms.6 atoms 8. What is the activity, in curies, of a source that has.3 9 disintegrations per second? ( Ci = 3.7 atom/s). Ci.35 Ci. Ci 3.7 Ci 8 Ci 9. A. g sample of 3.73 hr. hr.5 hr 9.5 hr hr 66 66 Ge decays to.87 g in.9 hr. What is the half-life of 3 Ge? 7
3. 38 3. 9 9 Sr decays by beta emission. It has a decay constant of 7.6 - s -. How many beta particles are emitted per second from. - 9 moles of 38 Sr? 7.6 - s - 7.6 - s - 3. 5 s -.5 s -.6 s - 39 Pu decays by alpha emission. The isotope's half-life is. yr. How many alpha particles are emitted per second by. - 39 mol 9 Pu? 9. -3 s - 3. -9 s - 5.5 7 s - 7.6 s -.8 6 s - 3. The half-life of 6. - yr -.75 - yr -.5 - yr - 3.97 3 yr - 8.7 3 yr - C is 573 yr. What is the decay constant, k, for 6 C? 36 33. The half-life of 7 Cl is 9.5 s. How many atoms of 7 9 atoms/s?.9-3 atoms. - atoms. 3 atoms 9. 6 atoms 5.3 atoms 3. The decay constant, k, for 88 6.6-6 g.9-3 g.9 g 3.97 8 g 8.97 g 35. 9 6 Ra is.37 - s -. What mass of 88 8 36 Cl are present in a sample with an activity of 3.9 6 Ra has an activity of 5. 7 atoms/s? 35 U is a naturally occurring radioisotope with a half-life of 7. 8 yr. What percentage of 9 35 U that was present during the formation of Earth still remains? Assume that the Earth is.5 9 35 yr old and that no 9 U is created by decomposition of other elements..6%.8%.%.% 6.3%
36. 95 Am is used in many home smoke alarms. It has a decay half-life of 3 years. How long does it take for the americium in a smoke alarm to decay to.5% of its original mass? 87 yr 3 yr 87 yr 3 yr 6 yr 37. All of the following statements concerning radiocarbon dating are true EXCEPT radiocarbon dating is used to determine the age of meteorites. the decay of 6 C is used for radiocarbon dating. radioactive carbon is produced by the reaction of cosmic radiation and nitrogen-. radioactive carbon decays into a nitrogen- atom and a beta particl radiocarbon dating is limited to objects less than 5, years ol 38. A. g sample of carbon taken from a fossilized plant has an activity of.7 atoms/s. What mass of 6 C is present? The decay constant of 6 C is 3.8 - s -.. - g 5. -8 g. -3 g. - g 6.9 - g 39. A. g sample of carbon taken from a living plant has an activity of 3.6 atoms/min. If. g of an organic sample is found to have an activity of 6.7 atoms/min, what is the age of the sample? The decay constant of C is. - yr -. 6.6 3 yr 5.8 3 yr 6. 3 yr 8.8 3 yr.7 yr. Carbon dating can be applied to organic materials up to 5. years ol What percentage of the original 6 C is present in a sample after this much time? The half-life of 6.%.%.89% 6.% 8.7% C is 573 yr.. An extremely sensitive method has recently been developed for measuring 6 materials. What is this method? acid titration nuclear magnetic resonance gas chromatography atomic absorption spectrometry mass spectrometry C concentrations in organic 9
. The energy change for a nuclear reaction can be calculated from which of the following equations? E = hc λ E = hv E = c m E = c m E = mv 3. In spontaneous nuclear reactions, the products move at the speed of light square the combined mass of the products weighs less than that of the reactants. the difference in mass between reactants and products is zero. iron is always a product. all of the mass is converted to light.. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT a nucleus weighs less than the protons and neutrons from which it is compose the difference in mass between a nucleus and its individual protons and neutrons is called the mass defect. the process in which a nucleus decomposes to form two or more lighter nuclei is called nuclear fission. nuclear fission evolves more energy than ordinary chemical reactions, such as the combustion of gasolin nuclear fission evolves more energy than nuclear fusion. 5. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT for a nuclear fission chain reaction to occur, one neutron must be produced for each one consume in a light water nuclear reactor, steam drives the turbines used to generate electricity. in a fission reactor, 9 lower mass. 35 U reacts with a neutron to produce more neutrons and products of 35 many of the fission products of 9 U are radioactiv one function of the water in a light water reactor is to slow down neutrons given off by fission. 6. A 3 7 Li nucleus has a mass of 7.36 amu. The mass of a proton is.78 amu and that of a neutron is.867 amu. What is the binding energy for 3 7 Li?.6 kj/mol.9 9 kj/mol 3.79 9 kj/mol 6. kj/mol 9. 3 kj/mol
7. Calculate the energy change per mole for the following reaction? H + H He The mass of H is.355 amu and the mass of He is.5 amu..3 9 kj/mol 9. 9 kj/mol.79 kj/mol 3.5 kj/mol.8 3 kj/mol 8. Which of the following nuclei has the greatest binding energy per nucleon? He 56 6 Fe 9 Zr 38 9 U 9 Pu 9. The following fusion reaction releases.6 9 kj per mole of deuterium reacte H + 3 6 Li He How much mass is lost in the reaction per mole of deuterium reacted?. -5 g. -5 g. - g. - g. - g
5. 6 C decays by positron emission. 6 C 5 B + e Calculate the energy released or gained in this reaction using the information below. mass (amu) e.55 n.867 H.78 B.656 5 C.8 6.3-3 kj/mol evolved in reaction 9.7 7 kj/mol evolved in reaction. 8 kj/mol evolved in reaction 9. 9 kj/mol absorbed in reaction 8.7 3 kj/mol absorbed in reaction 5. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT the Sun's energy comes primarily from the fusion of hydrogen. fusion reactions have high activation barriers due to repulsion of nuclei. fission reactions have relatively low activation barriers because uncharged neutrons used to initiate the reactions are not repelled by nuclei. magnetic fields can be used to confine nuclei during a fusion reaction. many fission reactors have been replaced by fusion reactors, which produce more energy and fewer waste products. 5. Human exposure to radiation comes primarily from medical x-rays. sitting too close to the television. nuclear fallout from bomb tests. radon gas. using cellular telephones.
chapter 9 Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE. ANS: E. ANS: A 3. ANS: C. ANS: E 5. ANS: B 6. ANS: A 7. ANS: B 8. ANS: D 9. ANS: C. ANS: C. ANS: C. ANS: D 3. ANS: E. ANS: A 5. ANS: D 6. ANS: A 7. ANS: C 8. ANS: B 9. ANS: D. ANS: E. ANS: A. ANS: B 3. ANS: D. ANS: C 5. ANS: C 6. ANS: C 7. ANS: D 8. ANS: B 9. ANS: D 3. ANS: E 3. ANS: C 3. ANS: A 33. ANS: E 3. ANS: B 35. ANS: C 36. ANS: D 37. ANS: A 38. ANS: D 39. ANS: C. ANS: B
. ANS: E. ANS: D 3. ANS: B. ANS: E 5. ANS: A 6. ANS: C 7. ANS: A 8. ANS: B 9. ANS: D 5. ANS: B 5. ANS: E 5. ANS: D