Unit 3 Study Guide: Electron Configuration & The Periodic Table
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1 Name: Teacher s Name: Class: Block: Date: Unit 3 Study Guide: Electron Configuration & The Periodic Table 1. For each of the following elements, state whether the element is radioactive, synthetic or both. Berkelium - Radium - Radon - Francium - 2. For each of the following substances, state whether it is an element or compound. brass (Cu + Zn) - methane (CH4) - carbon (C) - water (H2O) - 3. When the electron of a hydrogen atom moves into a higher energy orbit, what is the state of the atom? 4. Define element. 5. Which element on the periodic table has 7 protons? 6. The periodic table includes all of the known elements in the world. How are elements arranged on the periodic table? 7. Which of the following is true of all the elements in group 2 on the periodic table? They are all metals. They all have two electrons in their outermost shell. They all tend to lose electrons and become positive ions. They all have similar chemical properties.
2 8. Ionization energy is a measure of how strongly an atom holds onto its electrons. A higher ionization energy indicates that more energy would be needed to remove an electron. Atoms that have a smaller atomic radius tend to have higher ionization energies because their electrons are closer to the nucleus. Based on the periodic table, which element would be expected to have the lowest ionization energy? 9. Will an electron orbiting the nucleus have lower energy closer to the nucleus or farther from the nucleus? 10. List the elements below in order of least reactive to most reactive. Nickel Chlorine Iron Helium 11. Fluorine is an element with atomic number 9. It is located in group 17 on the periodic table and has 7 electrons in its outermost energy level. Calcium is an element with atomic number 20. It is located in group 2 on the periodic table and normally has 2 electrons in its outermost energy level. Fluorine has a tendency to gain electrons during chemical reactions, and calcium has a tendency to lose electrons during chemical reactions. What is primarily responsible for the elements' different chemical responses? 12. An unknown atom has 26 neutrons and an approximate atomic mass of 48 amu. What is the name of this element? 13. Iron (Fe) can have an oxidation number of +2 or +3. This means that iron can lose either 2 or 3 electrons when combining with other atoms. Into which group is iron placed? 14. What do all the elements in group 2 of the periodic table have in common? 15. Hydrogen is a nonmetal yet it is positioned in group 1 on the periodic table because:
3 16. An atom's mass number is composed of the total number of contained in an atom. 17. Electrons always fill orbitals in the same order. Each s orbital holds 2 electrons, each set of p orbitals holds 6 electrons, each set of d orbitals holds 10 electrons, and each set of f orbitals holds 14 electrons. The order in which orbitals are filled, from first to last, is: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p Aluminum has 13 electrons. What is the electron configuration of aluminum? 18. The diagram below shows the line spectrum of hydrogen. The wavelength of each line is shown at the top of the line. What does each line of the spectrum represent? 19. A hydrogen atom emits a photon of energy. What would explain this? 20. According to Bohr's model, what can be said of the amount of energy that an electron absorbs when it is excited compared to the amount of energy that it releases when it returns to ground state? 21. Elements on the periodic table can be represented by chemical symbols. A chemical symbol is a shorthand way of representing the elements. What is the chemical symbol for the element fluorine?
4 22. Look at the box below. 3 Li lithium What is the average atomic mass of the element listed in this diagram? 23. What is a valid method of determining the atomic number of an element? 24. Determine the identity of the following element and draw the Bohr diagram: This element has 6 valence electrons, shows properties of metals and nonmetals, and has 52 protons in the nucleus.
5 25. The atomic mass of an element is shown below. How many neutrons does this element contain? 26. List the following elements from the lowest to highest ionization energy. a. potassium (K) b. magnesium (Mg) c. chlorine (Cl) d. neon (Ne) 27. List the following elements from the lowest to the highest electronegativity. a. oxygen (O) b. fluorine (F) c. chlorine (Cl) d. sulfur (S) 28. How many valence electrons does a neutral atom of oxygen have? 29. The electron configuration of iron (Fe) is [Ar]4s 2 3d 6. Based on its position in the periodic table, what is the electron configuration of nickel? 30. What happens when a hydrogen atom changes from the excited state to the ground state?
6 31. Antimony is like a nonmetal in that it is a brittle, crystalline solid, has poor electrical and heat conductivity, and has a low boiling point. However, it is also like a metal because of its shiny silver appearance and ability to form alloys. Into which group should antimony be placed? 32. Most main group elements found within the same family on the periodic table tend to have. 33. The way in which one atom interacts with another atom is mostly influenced by the configuration of the. 34. Which of the following would have to happen in order for an electron in energy level 3 to move to energy level 4? 35. To what element does the following electron configuration correspond? 1s 2 2s 2 2p The atomic mass of an element is shown below. How many neutrons does this element contain?
7 37. What predominant feature characterizes noble gases? 38. What happens when energy is emitted when an atom returns to the ground state? 39. Lithium has 3 electrons. What is the electron configuration of lithium? 40. The atomic mass of an element is shown below. How many neutrons does this element contain? 41. If an element is located in the middle of the periodic table, into what category would it most likely fit? 42. Answer true or false for each of the statements below: all the elements are alkali metals the number of electrons increases from left to right all the elements have empty p shells the number of electron shells increases from right to left
8 43. List the atomic radius for each of the elements listed below: cobalt (Co) arsenic (As) scandium (Sc) bromine (Br) 44. Which family of elements contains a full outer shell of electrons?
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CHAPTER REVIEW. 3. What category do most of the elements of the periodic table fall under?
CHAPTER REVIEW EVIEW ANSWERS 1. alkaline-earth metals 2. halogens 3. metals. electron affinity 5. actinides 6. answers should involve the transmutation of one element to another by a change in the number
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CHAPTER 8 THE PERIODIC TABLE
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Elements in the periodic table are indicated by SYMBOLS. To the left of the symbol we find the atomic mass (A) at the upper corner, and the atomic num
. ATOMIC STRUCTURE FUNDAMENTALS LEARNING OBJECTIVES To review the basics concepts of atomic structure that have direct relevance to the fundamental concepts of organic chemistry. This material is essential