Biology Unit Review For Final NAME: 1. What did the following people do: Hooke Van LeeHoenok Pasteur Schleiden and Schwann Redi 2. If the objective lens of a microscope is labeled 10X and the ocular lens is labeled 10X, what is the total magnification of the microscope? 3. Calculate the size of 2300um object in mm.
4. For our school microscopes list the magnifying power and F.O.V. Power Magnifying Power F.O.V Low Medium High 5. Label the following. 6. What is the difference between an SEM and TEM.
7. Why do you use the fine adjustment when viewing a microscope under high power? 8. What is the function of the following organelles? Be brief. Nucleus Nucleolus Mitochondria Ribosomes Smooth ER Rough ER Vacuole Lysosome
Chloroplast Cell Wall Cell Membrane Golgi Body Cytoplasm 9. What is the structure of the cell membrane? Draw a picture. 10. During facilitated diffusion how do materials travel across the cell membrane? 11. How does diffusion differ from facilitated diffusion? 12. What is the difference between active and passive transport. Be sure to mention something about how it could travel across the concentration gradient.
13. Describe osmosis. 14. What is endocytosis, and what is exocytosis? 15. What is the difference between a semi-permeable and selectively permeable membrane? 16. What do the terms hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic mean.
17. A semi permeable membrane is put in a container. Two solutions are poured into each side of the container that is separated by the membrane. The membrane allows potassium ions to cross but not sodium ions. Draw arrows to illustrate the movement of particles across this membrane. Potassium 24 g/l Potassium 12 g/l Sodium 7 g/l Sodium 5 g/l Semi Permeable Membrane 18. If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution what will happen to the cell? 19. If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution what will happen to the cell? 20. If a cell is placed in an isotonic solution what will happen?
21. Give an example of phagocytosis. Draw and Label the example. 22. Why does a cell want a high surface area to volume ratio? 23. What is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell? 24. Where is most of the tissue in a plant? 25. Draw and label the 2 systems in a plant. 26. What are the differences between phloem and xylem tissue?
27. What are 4 different ways in which a plant cell can specialize? 28. Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis. Balance it. 29. During photosynthesis what opens up in the leaf to allow gas in. What cells are involved in the opening? If carbon dioxide levels are low what would happen to the openings? If it was really hot and dry what would happen to the openings? 30. At what time of day does it has to be for photosynthesis to happen? 31. Write the equation for cellular respiration. Balance it. 32. Do plants and animals both use cellular respiration? 33. What would the leaves look like of plants that live in hot and dry conditions?
34. Cuticles stop evaporation from plants because of the wax they produce. If a plant did not have cuticle tissue what would happen to it? 35. Why do plants that live in hot and dry conditions keep their stomata closed longer? 36. In what tissue does photosynthesis take place? 37. Why would palisade tissue cells have more chloroplasts? 38. What is spongy mesophyll tissue? 39. On what side of the leaf would the palisade tissue be? On the top or the bottom? 40. What is in the vascular bundle? 41. The primary function of the xylem is? 42. The primary function of the phloem is? 43. What are lenticels?
44. What is the attraction of water molecules called? Why is this important for water transportation in plants? 45. What is root pressure? 46. How is water transported up in the xylem? Is it pulled or pushed? What drives this transport? 47. Why is turgidity important to plant cells? 48. Explain how sugar is transported in plants. 49. What role do companion cells play in sugar transport? 50. What is phototropism?
51. Draw a picture of a plant that is leaning toward the light coming in a window, make sure to show the changes in the cells on the shadowed and lit side. What does auxin do to the cells in stem? 52. What is gravitropism? 53.List some other mechanisms that plants will respond to when growing.