The Reproductive System The Female Reproductive System Part 2
Female Reproductive System Ovaries Produce female gametes (ova) Secrete female sex hormones Estrogen and progesterone Accessory ducts include Uterine tubes (oviducts, fallopian tubes) Uterus Maintains zygote development Vagina Receives male gametes
Peritoneum Uterosacral ligament Perimetrium Rectouterine pouch Rectum Posterior fornix Cervix Anterior fornix Vagina Anus Urogenital diaphragm Greater vestibular (Bartholin s) gland Suspensory ligament of ovary Infundibulum Uterine tube Ovary Fimbriae Uterus Round ligament Vesicouterine pouch Urinary bladder Pubic symphysis Mons pubis Urethra Clitoris External urethral orifice Hymen Labium minus Labium majus Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.10
Ovaries Each about twice as large as an almond Ovarian ligaments
Suspensory ligament of ovary Ovarian blood vessels Mesosalpinx Mesovarium Broad ligament Mesometrium Ovarian ligament Body of uterus Ureter Uterine blood vessels Isthmus Uterosacral ligament Lateral cervical (cardinal) ligament Lateral fornix Cervix (a) Uterine (fallopian) tube Fundus of uterus Ovary Lumen (cavity) of uterus Endometrium Myometrium Perimetrium Internal os Cervical canal External os Vagina Ampulla Isthmus Infundibulum Fimbriae Round ligament of uterus Wall of uterus Uterine tube Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 27.12a
Ovaries Follicles About 400,000 present at birth Some develop into mature ova at sexual maturity Maturation of a follicle occurs about every 28 days Ovulation
Degenerating corpus luteum (corpus albicans) Germinal epithelium Primary follicles Tunica albuginea Cortex Oocyte Granulosa cells Late secondary follicle Mesovarium and blood vessels Vesicular (Graafian) follicle Antrum Oocyte Ovarian ligament Medulla Zona pellucida Theca folliculi Ovulated oocyte Corona radiata Corpus luteum Developing corpus luteum (a) Diagrammatic view of an ovary sectioned to reveal the follicles in its interior Figure 27.11a
Female Duct System Uterine tubes Uterus Vagina
Broad ligament Suspensory ligament of ovary Ovarian blood vessels Mesosalpinx Mesovarium Mesometrium Ovarian ligament Body of uterus Ureter Uterine blood vessels Isthmus Uterosacral ligament Lateral cervical (cardinal) ligament Lateral fornix Cervix (a) Uterine (fallopian) tube Fundus of uterus Ovary Lumen (cavity) of uterus Endometrium Myometrium Perimetrium Internal os Cervical canal External os Vagina Ampulla Isthmus Infundibulum Fimbriae Round ligament of uterus Wall of uterus Uterine tube Figure 27.12a
Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes Extend from uterus to near ovary End as infundibulum Post-ovulation Cilia create currents, move ovum into uterine tube Fertilization normally takes place within tube Ectopic pregnancy Pelvic inflammatory disease
Uterus Structure Body Main region Fundus Rounded superior region Isthmus Narrowed inferior region Layers Serosa Myometrium Endometrium
Broad ligament Suspensory ligament of ovary Ovarian blood vessels Mesosalpinx Mesovarium Mesometrium Ovarian ligament Body of uterus Ureter Uterine blood vessels Isthmus Uterosacral ligament Lateral cervical (cardinal) ligament Lateral fornix Cervix (a) Uterine (fallopian) tube Fundus of uterus Ovary Lumen (cavity) of uterus Endometrium Myometrium Serosa Internal os Cervical canal External os Vagina Ampulla Isthmus Infundibulum Fimbriae Round ligament of uterus Wall of uterus Uterine tube Figure 27.12a
Lumen of uterus Epithelium Capillaries Uterine glands Venous sinusoids Lamina propria of connective tissue Spiral (coiled) artery Straight artery Endometrial vein Smooth muscle fibers Radial artery Arcuate artery Uterine artery (b) Figure 27.13b
Uterus Cervix Narrow neck, or outlet Projects into the vagina Common site for cancer
Vagina Muscular tube from uterus (cervix) to outside the body Birth canal Organ of copulation Pathway for menstrual flow Lined by mucous membrane Acidic secretions retard bacterial growth Immune cells
Broad ligament Suspensory ligament of ovary Ovarian blood vessels Mesosalpinx Mesovarium Mesometrium Ovarian ligament Body of uterus Ureter Uterine blood vessels Isthmus Uterosacral ligament Lateral cervical (cardinal) ligament Lateral fornix Cervix (a) Uterine (fallopian) tube Fundus of uterus Ovary Lumen (cavity) of uterus Endometrium Myometrium Perimetrium Internal os Cervical canal External os Vagina Ampulla Isthmus Infundibulum Fimbriae Round ligament of uterus Wall of uterus Uterine tube Figure 27.12a
Hormonal Function of Ovaries Endocrine function Estrogen and progesterone production Development of reproductive organs Secondary sexual characteristics Affect protein anabolism Affect fluid and electrolyte balance
Other Hormones FSH and LH Produced by pituitary gland Human chorionic gonadotropin Produced by placenta
External Genitalia Vulva Skin folds surrounding vaginal orifice Clitoris Erectile tissue Homologous to male penis Sexual arousal
Accessory Organ Mammary glands Present in both males and females Modified sweat glands Glandular alveoli capable of hormone stimulated milk production
Accessory Organ Mammary glands Breast cancer