Recruiting Physiotherapists in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom and Ireland

Recruiting Physiotherapists in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom and Ireland Demand for Physiotherapists in Calgary Physiotherapists have been identified as a high-demand occupation in Calgary, based on the Calgary Labour Demand Forecast 2012. 1 In 2010, there were an estimated 1,300 physiotherapists in the Calgary labour force. Between 2010 and 2020, demand for these workers is expected to increase by over 61 per cent, resulting in demand for approximately 2,100 workers in 2020. Employers will likely face difficulties recruiting qualified workers for both newly-created jobs and existing positions that become vacant. During the global economic slowdown of 2007-2009, 47 per cent of physiotherapist employers in Calgary recruited physiotherapists for vacant positions. Of those employers, nearly half (47 per cent) reported that vacancies remained unfilled for over four months. 2 The combination of growing demand and limited supply are likely to result in shortages of physiotherapists in Calgary over the next decade. In order to meet the high demand for physiotherapists, Calgary employers may need to access labour markets outside of Calgary, including international labour markets, to meet a portion of their hiring needs. To facilitate targeted recruiting efforts, Calgary Economic Development (CED) has created this guide to identify the best cities and regions for recruiting workers in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom and Ireland. Top cities and regions for recruiting are recommended based on the size of the occupational labour force and the likelihood that workers will migrate out of the area. Top Locations for Recruiting in Canada The three largest labour markets for physiotherapists in Canada are Montréal, Toronto and Vancouver, each of which has a labour force that exceeds 1,000 workers. The next largest labour force is in Ottawa with about 850 workers. For each CMA, an out-migration probability index score 3 has been estimated that gives an indication of the likelihood that workers in a city will make a long-distance move out of that city. Out-migration probability index scores are similar across all cities in Canada with only Winnipeg and Edmonton having slightly lower scores than those of other cities. 1 See Calgary Labour Demand Forecast 2012 2 See Alberta Wage and Salary Survey 2009 3 An out-migration probability index of workers is estimated based on a set of factors that are indicators of future migration. Factors include historical migration patterns, demographics of the occupational labour force, local economic conditions, median income, and the presence of foreign workers in the labour force. 1

Younger workers have a higher probability of making an inter-provincial move. Among toprecommended cities, Montréal has the highest percentage of physiotherapists under age 35 (42 per cent), although language barriers may preclude some physiotherapists in Montréal from relocating to Calgary. Other recommended cities with a relatively young labour force are Ottawa and Edmonton, each with 41 per cent under age 35, and Toronto, with 40 per cent of workers under age 35. Immigrants and past inter-provincial migrants are more likely to relocate and Toronto has the highest number of immigrant physiotherapists at approximately 7 per cent of the labour force. Average annual wages of physiotherapists in Calgary are marginally higher than that of in the top-recommended cities in Canada. The mean hourly pay for physiotherapists in Calgary was $37.54 in 2011, compared with $37.14 per hour in Toronto and $35.30 per hour in Vancouver. Information describing the labour force for physiotherapists in the top-recommended Canadian cities is presented in Table 1. See Table 2 for additional wage information in the top recommended cities. Table 1 Recruiting Indicators for Physiotherapists in Canada, by CMA Rank Census Metro Area Employment (2010) 4 Average Wage Per Hour Emigration Probability Index Under Age 35 (2010) Percent of Occupational Labour Force International or Non- Immigrants Inter-Provincial Permanent to Canada Migrants Residents (5 Year Period) 5 2001-2006 (2006) 1 Montréal 2,512 n.a. 101 42% 6% 2% 0% 2 Toronto 2,391 37.14 101 40% 11% 7% 0% 3 Vancouver 1,329 35.30 101 31% 9% 3% 0% 4 Ottawa 851 36.67 101 41% 14% 3% 0% 5 Québec 604 n.a. 101 38% 0% 0% 0% 6 Edmonton 738 37.04 100 41% 8% 3% 0% 7 Hamilton 525 35.93 101 36% 6% 0% 2% 8 Halifax 408 33.15 101 38% 8% 0% 0% 9 Winnipeg 739 31.13 100 35% 11% 3% 0% 10 St. John's, NL 176 n.a. 101 35% 9% 0% 0% Calgary 1,322 37.54 100 42% 23% 3% 0% *See footnote 3 for additional information about the Emigration Probability Index. Note: Data is measured for Census Metropolitan Areas unless otherwise noted. Figures for Calgary may differ from information presented earlier in this report describing labour demand for the Calgary Economic Region. Sources: Labour Force Survey, 2006 Census of Canada, RDA Global, Labour Market Information - HRSDC WorkingInCanada.gc.ca 4 Figures for employment in Calgary are for the Calgary Economic Region. Figures for other cities are for the census metropolitan area (CMA) 5 International and inter-provincial migration statistics are analyzed based on data collected in the 2001 and 2006 Census. The data required to analyze this migration pattern for the most recent 5 year period is not available at the time of this analysis. 2

Table 2 Wages for Physiotherapists in Canada, by CMA Census Metro Area Provincial Wages Recent Wage Range (CAD) or Salary, 2005 6 Average Reference Low Wage High Wage Average Wage Year Montréal n.a. n.a. n.a. 48,477 49,123 Toronto 29.60 37.14 41.38 2010* 62,074 59,259 Vancouver 29.90 35.30 39.07 2011* 62,524 58,129 Ottawa 32.26 36.67 41.00 2010 62,074 59,259 Québec n.a. n.a. n.a. 48,477 49,123 Edmonton 32.73 37.04 47.85 2011 62,935 62,101 Hamilton 23.46 35.93 40.55 2010 62,074 59,259 Halifax 23.50 33.15 34.15 2010 57,679 54,996 Winnipeg 23.15 31.13 39.44 2011 51,595 50,318 St. John's, NL n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Calgary 24.22 37.54 43.61 2011 68,049 69,796 Note: Data is measured for Census Metropolitan Areas unless otherwise noted. *Wage data reflects provincial average. Sources: 2006 Census, Labour Market Information - HRSDC WorkingInCanada.gc.ca Top Locations for Recruiting in the United States In the United States, the occupation most closely aligned with is: SOC 29-1123: Physical Therapists. Earnings of physiotherapists in the US are higher than that of workers in Calgary. Physiotherapists in the US had average annual salaries of USD $77,990 in 2010 which is higher than that of Calgary, where workers earned an average of CAD $69,796 per year in 2009. 7 Among the top-recommended cities, only St. Louis has average annual wages that are lower than that of Calgary. The top 10 cities listed in Tables 3 and 4 are recommended for recruiting, provided that Alberta employers are able to meet workers salary expectations. There are three top-recommended US cities that have a labour force exceeding 5,000 physiotherapists: Los Angeles (L.A.), Chicago and Boston. Younger workers are more likely to make a long-distance move and of the top three cities, Chicago has the youngest average age and the highest percentage of workers under age 35. There are approximately 2,200 physiotherapists in Phoenix and these workers have the highest out-migration probability index score, which is calculated based on analysis of data from the American Community Survey which measures migration histories of workers. The top-recommended cities with the highest out-migration probability score are Phoenix, Dallas-Fort Worth, and Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL. 6 Calgary median annual salary is calculated based on average hours worked per week and median hourly wage rate reported in the 2009 Alberta Wage and Salary Survey. The average annual salary is the actual figure from the survey. figures for other cities in Table 2 are from HRSDC. 7 See Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Database and Alberta Wage and Salary Survey 2009. 3

Cities with high unemployment rates include L.A., at 10.7 per cent, and Tampa-St. Petersburg with 10.3 percent unemployment, however physiotherapists are a high-demand occupation in the US and are unlikely to face difficulties finding employment. Table 3 Out-Migration Indicators of Physiotherapists in Top 10 US Cities, 2010 Rank Metro Area Number of Pct. of who are Non-US Citizens Age Pct. Of Under Age 35 Out- Migration Probability Index* Unemployment Rate 1 Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA 6,140 11% 41 35% 114 10.7 2 Chicago, IL 5,590 8% 39 41% 113 9.6 3 Boston, MA-NH 5,010 3% 41 34% 112 5.7 4 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX 3,490 4% 40 36% 116 7.4 5 Phoenix, AZ 2,260 9% 39 38% 120 7.7 6 Detroit, MI 3,780 16% 41 32% 112 9.5 7 Houston-Brazoria, TX 2,430 9% 41 30% 116 7.6 8 Washington, DC/MD/VA 2,890 8% 41 35% 114 5.4 9 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 1,960 9% 41 31% 116 10.3 10 St. Louis, MO-IL 2,190 3% 40 34% 114 8.2 United States 180,280 5% 41 34% 114 8.2 *The Out-Migration Probability Index gives an indication of the number of workers in the target occupation in each metropolitan area that have made an interregional move in the past 5 years. The index also reflects factors that may affect worker migration, such as historical migration patterns, demographics of the occupational labour force, local economic conditions, median income, and the presence of foreign workers in the labour force. US Average Out-Migration Probability = 100 (for all US workers in all occupations). Table 4 Wages of Physiotherapists in Top Ranked Cities for Recruiting in the United States, 2010 Metropolitan Statistical Area Hourly Wage** (USD) Salary** (USD) Lower 10% Salary by Quartile (USD) Lower 25% Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA 6,140 40.11 83,440 58,320 69,860 83,040 95,230 111,310 Chicago, IL 5,590 38.80 80,710 51,040 64,930 79,950 95,500 118,170 Boston, MA-NH 5,010 35.57 73,990 52,930 62,390 73,690 85,770 95,230 Dallas-Fort Worth, TX 3,490 43.29 90,050 57,160 70,550 84,470 101,120 136,140 Phoenix, AZ 2,260 37.51 78,010 45,280 62,520 77,230 91,210 115,650 Detroit, MI 3,780 35.57 73,980 37,530 61,610 75,350 90,740 110,910 Houston-Brazoria, TX 2,430 38.90 80,910 61,010 68,500 79,130 91,420 108,910 Washington, DC/MD/VA 2,890 40.42 84,070 60,660 71,180 83,790 97,000 112,080 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL 1,960 38.05 79,150 54,200 67,460 78,790 91,350 106,650 St. Louis, MO-IL 2,190 33.11 68,860 48,910 57,770 68,970 79,390 90,460 United States 180,280 37.50 77,990 53,620 64,230 76,310 90,350 107,920 Calgary (in $ CAD) 1,322 $37.54 $69,796 n.a. **Source for Calgary wage and salary figures is the 2009 Alberta Wage and Salary Survey. Results are updated every 2 years. At the time of this analysis 2011 figures were not yet published. US Data Sources: Bureau of Labour Statistics Occupational Employment Database, American Community Survey, US Census 2010. Analysis by RDA Global. Upper 25% Upper 10% 4

Top Locations for Recruiting in the United Kingdom and Ireland In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the occupation most closely related to physiotherapists is: UK/IE SOC 3221 Physiotherapists. In 2010, there were approximately 46,000 physiotherapists in the UK labour force and approximately 2,600 physiotherapists in the Irish Labour Force. Average annual income for physiotherapists in the UK was nearly 32,000 in 2010 (approximately CAD $51,000). In Ireland, physiotherapists may earn salaries ranging from a low of near 38,000 (CAD $52,000) for lessexperienced workers, to a high of about 50,000 (CAD $68,000) for veteran physiotherapists. Salaries for managers or senior physiotherapists may be higher than these. See Table 5 for a summary of the salary range for physiotherapists in Ireland. 8 In the UK, the top regions for recruiting are London, the surrounding South East Region (which includes a part of Greater London as well as Brighton, Oxford, Portsmouth, and Southampton) and the North West Region (which includes Manchester, Liverpool, Preston, and Blackpool). The highest level of historical out-migration is from the London region, while the region with the largest group of non-british citizens is Wales (38 per cent). Foreign workers represent a growing share of people migrating out of the UK; as of 2010, non-british citizens represented 65 per cent of long-term migrants leaving the UK, up from 43 per cent in 2005. 9 Irish physiotherapists have an out-migration score that is similar to that of the average of all occupations in Ireland. About 10 per cent of workers are non-irish citizens. The Irish economy has been strongly affected by the global economic recession that began in 2008 and a lack of employment opportunities in Ireland is pushing some workers to seek work abroad. Since 2008 there has been a moratorium on recruitment for healthcare workers in Ireland. As of November, 2011, Ireland had one of the highest levels of unemployment in the European Union at 14.6 per cent. Overall out-migration from Ireland is estimated to have reached 76,400 in the year between April 2010 and April 2011, an increase of 11,100 (or 16.9 per cent) above the 65,300 recorded in the year to April 2010. 10 Regional data is not available on the physiotherapist labour force in Ireland. A national recruiting strategy in Ireland can be effective, due to the small geographic size of the country and recruiting may be conducted from either Dublin or Cork, Ireland s two largest cities. 11 8 Salary figures from the Ireland Health Sector Consolidated Salary Scales, effective 1/1/2010. 9 Source: United Kingdom International Passenger Survey (IPS); Estimates of long-term international migration, rolling annual data to Q4 2010. 10 See CSO Population and Migration Estimates, April 2011 11 Regional labour force data and data on wages for physiotherapists are not available in Ireland. 5

Foreign Credential Recognition When recruiting physiotherapists in the UK and Ireland, Alberta employers are advised to consult the College of Physical Therapists of Alberta to determine which workers are most likely to meet the requirements to work in Alberta. Information on foreign credential recognition for geoscientists in the UK and Ireland is available from the Alberta Department of Human Services at: http://www.albertacanada.com/immigration/working/occupations.aspx Table 5 Salaries of Physiotherapists in Ireland, by Position, 2010 Low High Euro CAD Euro CAD Calgary 2009 Physiotherapist 37,743 $51,525 50,033 $68,302 $69,796 Physiotherapist, Senior 50,134 68,440 59,208 80,828 n.a. Clinical Specialist Physiotherapist 55,564 75,853 64,638 88,240 n.a. Physiotherapist Manager 60,641 82,784 73,713 100,629 n.a. Source: Irish Health Sector Consolidated Salary Scales, effective 1/1/2010. http://www.hse.ie/eng/staff/benefits_services/ pay/payscalesjan2010.pdf. Average month-end 2010 annual exchange rate: 1=$1.3652 CAD. 6

Table 6 Recruiting Indicators for Physiotherapists - UK and Ireland, 2010 Rank Region/ Country Major Cities Number of Percentage of who are Non- National Citizens Percentage of who are Non-EU Citizens Age* Pct. Of Under Age 35 Out- Migration Probability Index** Income 2010 (GBP) Income 2010 (CAD) Income 2010 (GBP) 1 London Greater London 5,800 32% 5% 35 45% 111 33,861 $53,869 36,508 $58,080 2 South East Brighton, Oxford, Portsmouth, 5,400 0% 0% 40.5 36% 108 29,043 46,204 29,359 46,706 Southampton 3 North West Manchester, Liverpool, Preston, 5,100 0% 0% 36.5 47% 107 29,686 47,227 34,075 54,209 Blackpool 4 Scotland Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen 7,700 5% 0% 37 25% 104 30,320 48,235 31,941 50,814 5 South West Bristol, Bournemouth, 3,900 7% 0% 36 41% 107 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Plymouth 6 Eastern Greater London, Cambridge, Norwich, Peterborough, Ipswich 3,800 11% 6% 40 31% 106 n.a. n.a. 25,352 40,332 7 Leeds, Sheffield, Yorkshire & Bradford, Humberside Wakefield, Hull 3,400 0% 0% 40.5 25% 104 31,486 50,090 31,691 50,416 8 Wales Cardiff, Swansea 2,600 38% 6% 33.5 56% 106 n.a. n.a. 34,669 55,154 9 East Midlands Nottingham-Derby, Leicester, Northampton Birmingham, Coventry Income 2010 (CAD) 2,500 18% 18% 39 41% 106 32,620 51,894 33,384 53,110 West 10 2,500 4% 4% 40 32% 106 27,761 44,164 29,369 46,722 Midlands Total UK 46,300 10% 3% 38 37% 107 30,558 $48,614 31,785 $50,566 Total Ireland 2,600 9% n.a. 50 9% 100 See Table 5 Calgary 1,322 n.a. 42% n.a. $69,796 *British data source reports median age figures, while Irish and US data sources report mean age figures. ** Out-Migration index scores for the UK are not directly comparable with those of cities in the US or Ireland. Sources: Quarterly British Labour Force Survey, Survey of Hours and Earnings (UK, 2010), Central Statistics Office Ireland (2010), Analysis by RDA Global. 7