Opel Ampera Extended-Range Electric Vehicle Concept with Future Roland Matthé Adam Opel AG Automotive Propulsion Mobility Innovations 3 rd International AMI Congress 5th June 2012 Leipzig
Opel and GM Milestones in Electric Propulsion Electric Propulsion System Development 2000 HydroGen1 2007 HydroGen4 1987 1991 1996 2000 2007 2010/11 2012 2020 1987 Sunraycer 1991 Impuls 1996 EV1 2010 Volt 2011 Ampera 2012 RAK e (concept) 1990 Impact (concept) 1997 S10 Electric 2-Mode Hybrids
Million barrels per day World Petroleum Production by Source 120 Uncertainty about availability 100 Unconventional oil 80 Natural gas liquids 60 Crude oil: fields yet to be found 40 20 0 Oil: $ 10 trillion cumulative investments required 2011 2035 3% 10% 87% Upstream Transport Refining 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Year Crude oil: fields yet to be developed Crude oil: currently producing fields Source: World Energy Outlook International Energy Agency, 2011
Advanced Propulsion Technology Strategy Improve vehicle fuel economy and emissions Displace petroleum IC engine and transmission improvements Hybrid electric vehicles (including plug-in HEV) Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles Battery electric vehicles/e-rev Energy Diversity Petroleum Alternative fuels (CNG, LPG) Electricity Hydrogen
Paradigm Shift: Tomorrow s Vehicles are Powered Electrically Opel RAK e (BEV) Opel Ampera (E-REV) Opel HydroGen4 (FCEV)
Limiting Factors for Battery Development
Battery Range 100 km Eco drive style, no HVAC 80 km Eco drive style, with HVAC Sporty drive style, with HVAC 40 km 60 km Sporty drive style, with HVAC at extreme ambient temperatures
Future of Battery Electric Vehicles Electric range will remain a limiting factor Time for recharging is significant Solution for city driving Köln Bonn Koblenz Wiesbaden Marburg 80 km 40 km Frankfurt 150 km Mainz Rüsselsheim Darmstadt Würzburg Trier Heidelberg Saarbrücken Karlsruhe Stuttgart
Comparison E-REV vs. BEV E-REV Power Electric energy Gasoline Daily driving distance 60 km Long distance BEV Power Electric energy Daily driving distance 60 km Long distance
Comparison E-REV vs. PHEV E-REV Power Electric energy Gasoline Daily driving distance 60 km Long distance PHEV Power Elec. energy Gasoline Daily driving distance 60 km Long distance
Battery System Energy Requirement Electric Vehicle Mode Range, Useable Energy 25% 20% 15% 80% of daily driving are 50 km or less require about 8 kwh of useable energy 10% 5% 0% 0-1 2-4 5-10 11-20 21-50 51-100 > 100 km Source: Mobilität in Deutschland, 2002
Opel Ampera Electric Drive System
Opel Ampera Electric Vehicles with Extended Range State of charge Parking Battery Mode (Engine off) = Charge depletion Extended Range Mode (Engine generator on) = Charge sustaining Charge Mode Electric on-board charger connected to grid Parking 100% Regenerative braking Engine will be off at certain times Time Electric vehicle with 60 km electric range in urban driving Full performance in battery mode: Top speed 160 km/h & 10 sec for 0 to 100 km/h
Opel Ampera Extended-Range Electric Vehicle (E-REV) Max. power: 111 kw Max. torque: 370 Nm Top speed: 160 km/h Acceleration (0-100 km/h): < 10 s Energy content (battery): 16 kwh Charging time: 4 6 h @ 230 V Range (battery-electric): 40 80 km (total): >500 km
Opel Ampera Drive System Electric drive unit Clutches Generator Geared final drive Traction motor Two electric motors Traction: 111 kw, 370 Nm Generator: 54 kw Planetary gear Geared final drive Three clutches Planetary gear set Axle differential
Opel Ampera Drive System 1.4 Liter DOHC I-4 Engine Power: Max. engine speed: Displacement: 63 kw @ 4800 rpm 4800 rpm 1.4 L Compression ratio: 10.5 : 1
Opel Ampera Electric Drive System Battery Electric Driving (Low Speed) Electric energy flow High-voltage battery Mechanical energy flow Secondary electric motor/ generator Power electronics No energy flow Clutch open Clutch closed C3 Primary electric motor C2 Internal combustion engine C1 Planetary gearbox
Opel Ampera Electric Drive System Battery Electric Driving (High Speed) Electric energy flow High-voltage battery Mechanical energy flow Secondary electric motor Power electronics No energy flow Clutch open Clutch closed C3 Primary electric motor C2 Internal combustion engine C1 Planetary gearbox
Opel Ampera Electric Drive System Extended-Range Driving (Low Speed) Electric energy flow High-voltage battery Mechanical energy flow Generator Power electronics No energy flow Clutch open Clutch closed C3 Primary electric motor C2 Internal combustion engine C1 Planetary gearbox
Opel Ampera Electric Drive System Extended-Range Driving (High Speed) Electric energy flow High-voltage battery Mechanical energy flow Secondary electric motor/ generator Power electronics No energy flow Clutch open Clutch closed C3 Primary electric motor C2 Internal combustion engine C1 Planetary gearbox
Opel Ampera Electric Drive System Regenerative Braking Electric energy flow High-voltage battery Mechanical energy flow Secondary electric motor/ generator Power electronics No energy flow Clutch open Clutch closed C3 Generator C2 Internal combustion engine C1 Planetary gearbox
Operation Modes for all Driving Conditions Battery Mode Extended-Range Mode Default Normal Mode Quick response Sport Mode Battery reserve Reserve battery energy for EV-zone Mountain Mode Hold Mode Umweltzone
Opel Ampera Drive System Li-ion Battery System No. of cells: 288 Liquid thermal system Energy content: 16 kwh (> 10 kwh useable) Power discharge: > 115 kw Nominal voltage: 360 V Charging time: 4 6 h @ 230 V Warranty: 8 years / 160,000 km System weight: 198 kg
VITM Electrical Architecture Charge Cord Charge Port Battery Disconnect Unit Including heater control Rechargeable Energy Storage System Voltage Current Temperature Module Manual Service Disconnect and Fuse AC CM Vehicle 12 V DC HVAC Engine On Board Charge Module Auxiliary Power Module Gen erat or Traction Inverter Mot or Battery Controller Voltage Temp Sub Module Voltage Temp Sub Module Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS) Battery Sections Voltage Temp Sub Module Voltage Temp Sub Module
Vehicle Development with Battery Focus Final calibration of battery control software Mechanical verification of battery installed in vehicle
00:00:00 00:05:42 00:11:24 00:17:06 00:22:48 00:28:30 00:34:12 00:39:54 00:45:36 00:51:18 00:57:00 01:02:42 01:08:24 01:14:06 01:19:48 01:25:30 01:31:12 01:36:54 01:42:36 01:48:18 01:54:00 00:00:00 00:03:57 00:07:54 00:11:51 00:15:48 00:19:45 00:23:42 00:27:39 00:31:36 00:35:33 00:39:30 00:43:27 00:47:24 00:51:21 00:55:18 00:59:15 01:03:12 01:07:09 01:11:06 01:15:03 01:19:00 vehicle speed [km / h] distance driven [km] vehicle speed [km / h] distance driven [km] Driving Style Electric Range in real world operation Wiesbaden to Koblenz and return - 2 different drive styles 180 160 140 120 speed WI to KO - highway - dynamic driving style 90 80 70 60 Aggressive drive style Rush hour @ highway A3 50 km in CD & 50 km in CS mode 100 50 80 60 40 20 0 distance CD mode time [hh:mm:ss] distance CS mode 40 30 20 10 0 180 160 140 120 100 Speed KO to WI - country road - relaxed driving style Distance in CD mode 90 80 70 60 50 80 40 Moderate drive style Weekend traffic No grade (along river Rhine) 86 km in CD & 20 km in CS mode 60 40 20 0 Distance in CS mode 30 20 10 0 time [hh:mm:ss]
Use Pattern of Extended-Range Electric Vehicles Average daily driving 1/3 range extender mode 2/3 electric mode On average, the E-REV driver refuels gas every 1,500 km Source: Data from Chevrolet Volt customer in the USA, via OnStarOn average
Summary The Opel Ampera propulsion system provides the customer with all benefits of electric drive and overcomes range anxiety Electrification of automobile will play a major role to increase vehicle efficiency and energy diversity The Opel Ampera Extended-Range Electric Vehicle a concept for the future available today!