With Focus on Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

Transcription

1 GM s Electrification Strategy With Focus on Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles International Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology and Vehicle Development Forum Hosted by MOST and IPHE George P. Hansen Director, Fuel Cell Commercialization Asia Pacific, General Motors Shanghai, China September 22, 2010

2 All Options in Play The Power of AND Goal 80% reduction from 1990 level by 2050 Cellulosic biomass ramps to high volume; BEVs / EREVs make 40% of VMT electric; FCEVs penetrate to 40% of parc by 2050 LDV parc mostly transitioned to electric drive and ZEV solutions US grid GHG modeled at 80% lower than 2008 levels Hydrogen from cellulosic biomass or clean electricity Start soon with early options Finish with strongest long-term solution

3 GM s Advanced Propulsion Technology Strategy Hydrogen fuel cell-electric Improve vehicle fuel economy and emissions Displace petroleum Hybrid-electric vehicles (including plug-in HEV) IC engine and transmission improvements Battery-electric vehicles/e-rev Electrification of the propulsion system Time Energy Diversity Petroleum (conventional and alternative sources) Alternative fuels (Ethanol, Biodiesel, CNG, LPG) Electricity (conventional and alternative sources) Hydrogen

4 On-Board Energy Storage Weight and Volume of Energy Storage System for 500 km Range Diesel Compressed Hydrogen 700 bar 6 kg H 2 = 200 kwh chemical energy Lithium Ion Battery 100 kwh electrical energy System Fuel System Fuel System Cell 43 kg 125 kg 830 kg 33 kg 6 kg 540 kg 46 L 260 L 670 L 37 L 170 L 360 L

5 Application Map the Power of AND, not OR High Load Stop-and-go Duty Cyc cle Drive Cycle Continuous Light Load City Intra-urban Highway-cycle Highway

6 Today s Electrification Opportunities Portfolio of Solutions for a Full Range of Vehicles Mild Hybrid Full Hybrid PHEV EREV BEV FCEV BAS 2-Mode 2-Mode Voltec EV Drive FC Propulsion System Electricity ZEV Fuel Hydrogen Hybrid 2-Mode PHEV EREV BEV FCEV Electrification

7 Chevrolet Volt Electric Vehicle with Range Extending Capability Overcoming RANGEAnxiety Total Range is 340 miles

8 Daily Mileage (Example: Germany) 25% 20% 15% 80% of daily driving 50 km or less 10% 5% 0% > 100 km Source: Mobilität in Deutschland, 2002

9 Propulsion System Cost EV Cost E-REV Range / km

10 EN-V Electric Network Vehicle For Personal Urban Mobility

11 Chevrolet Equinox Fuel Cell Over 2,000,000 km logged GM has deployed the world s largest fleet of fuel cell electric vehicles to date for market testing 3 US locations, Europe and Asia 119 vehicles deployed to various customers Has been used for extensive testing under real driving conditions Cars loaned for average of 3 months at a time Use of OnStar for customer care and feedback Data will be used in next generation vehicle development

12 GM s Next Generation Fuel Cell Vehicles Fully functional 4-passenger crossover vehicle Meeting US Federal Safety and ZEV requirements km/h in 12 s, 160 km/h max speed 420-km range (latest version) Freeze durable over vehicle life Chevrolet branded

13 GM/SAIC EXPO FCEV Collaboration GM/SAIC are providing the jointly developed Shanghai FCV based on SAIC s Roewe 750 model Shanghai FCV is used currently as VIP shuttle at Shanghai EXPO 2010 Vehicle uses modified Fuel Cell Propulsion System out of the Chevrolet Equinox FC

14 GM s Next Generation Fuel Cell Propulsion Systems ½ Size ½ Weight Equinox Fuel Cell Next Generation (Gen 2)

15 Gen 2 Objectives All customer requirements with respect to Performance and Durability are met Wide temperature operating range (-40ºC +50ºC) Product Lifetime > 10 years Significant product cost reductions through design simplifications Design supports bandwidth of vehicle applications Ready for market introduction ti in 2015

16 Gen 2 Application Bandwidth Power Electronics Fuel Cell System Co Axial Drive Unit Integrated on cradle

17 Gen 2 Design Evolution Fuel Cell System Equinox Fuel Cell Gen 2 Net Power 93 kw 85-92kW Max Excursion Temp 86C 95C Durability 1500-hrs 5500-hrs Cold Operation Start from -25C Start from -40C Mass 240 Kg <130 Kg Sensors/Actuators Stack Subsystem: Plates Composite Stamped Stainless Steel UEA 80g Platinum / FCS <30g Platinum / FCS Air Subsystem & Humidification Tube-style Humidifier sensor based RH control GM designed Humidifier model based RH control Design Integration Semi-Integrated Highly Integrated for Thermal Performance

18 GM Fuel Cell System Durability Progression Fuel Cell Sy ystem Durabi ility (miles) 140, , ,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 In-situ voltage recovery Start stop degradation mitigation Internally developed MEA Model based humidification control Improvements identified for full automotive 10 year / 125k miles 0 Equinox Fuel Cell Field Demonstration Gen1 Upgrades to Gen1 Gen2 and 3 Field Today Identified Upgrades to Equinox Fuel Cell Proving Ground Today First Production Introduction 2015 timeframe 2015 Production Intent System to deliver automotive durability standards

19 GM Fuel Cell System Cost Reduction Fuel Cell System Cost System Integration Manufacturing Best Practices Conventional Powertrain Tech Transfer Electrode Design for Lower Platinum ½ the mass ½ the part numbers 4.4x BOP Stack Balance of Plant Fuel Cell Stack 80g Pt 30g Pt <10g Pt 1.4x 1.0x Project Driveway 500/year Commercial introduction 10k/year Gen 1 500/year Gen 2 10k/year Gen Subsequent 3 Generations 3 100k/year 1000k/year Today 2015 timeframe

20 GM Fuel Cell System Research Initiatives Precious metal catalyst /electrode materials, designs and processes Target <10g of Pt per vehicle Low-Cost membrane materials Non PFSA based materials that have cost advantage at lower volumes Novel cell design and membrane synthesis techniques that allow for high-volume continuous processes Low-cost bipolar plate materials Low-Nickel content stainless steels Elimination and/or simplification of plate coating

21 Platinum Reduction Roadmap Key Platinum Pt Alloy (e.g. PtNi) Affordable Core <5 <5 <5 nm nm nm >20nm h d l Pt Nanoparticles Pt-Alloy Pt-Alloy-Shell (Equinox) Nanoparticles Nanoparticles Cathode Catalyst Technology Demonstration Maturity Pt Required (gm Pt/vehicle) Pt Cost ($/vehicle) $1200/troy oz Pt Pt-Alloy-Shell Large Nanoparticles Vehicles Stacks Single Cells Beaker 80 <30 < $3000 <$1200 <$600 $ Pathways are well established to Pt levels that are cost competitive with Pathways are well established to Pt levels that are cost competitive with anticipated catalytic converter precious metal costs

22 Energy implications of 700 bar storage systems 350 bar 700 bar 4kg Hydrogen 6.2kg Hydrogen 133 kwh 207 kwh + 10 % compression energy + 55% energy content t Most compression energy is expended at lower pressures 10% additional compression energy to get from 350 bar to 700 bar get from 350 bar to 700 bar leads to 55% increase in energy content

23 Hydrogen Storage Vessels: Type III vs. Type IV Compared to Type III Vessels, Type IV Vessels have 20% lower weight with identical volumetric storage density higher potential regarding long term fatigue and durability y( (little/no liner cracking) lower cost carbon fibers (lower modulus of elasticity) Vessel Cost p.a.)

24 Letter of Understanding Signed 08SEP09 Automotive Industry Support for Battery & Fuel Cell Technology Battery and fuel cell vehicles complement each other 2015 FCEV commercialization anticipated Hydrogen infrastructure with sufficient density required by 2015 Built up from metropolitan areas via corridors into area-wide coverage Stations integrated into branded conventional stations, meet SAEJ2601 requirements, and offer hydrogen at a reasonable price to the customers

25 Japan Timing (FCCJ Fuel Cell Commercialization Conference of Japan) Commercialization Scenario for FCVs and H2 Stations H2 Sta ation Numbe er Phase 1 Technology Demonstration JHFC-2 Phase 2 Technology & Market Demonstration Post JHFC Phase 3 Early Commercialization Starting Period Expansion Period Phase 4 Full Commercialization Profitable business Period Solving technical issues and promotion of review regulations (Verifying & reviewing development progress as needed) Verifying utility of FCVs and H2 stations from socio-economic viewpoint Expanding production and sales of FCVs while maintaining convenience of FCV users Reducing costs for H2 stations and hydrogen fuel Continuously y conducting technology development and review of regulations Contribute to diversity of energy sources and reduction of CO2 emissions Vehicle Number Approx. 1,000 H2 stations* Approx. 2 million FCVs* Determine specifications of commercial type H2 stations Begin building commercial type H2 stations Year Costs for H2 station ti construction ti and hydrogen reach targets, making the station business viable. (FCV 2,000 units/station) Period in which preceded H2 station ti building is necessary Increase of FCV numbers through introduction of more vehicle models Note: Vertical axis indicates the relative scale between vehicle number & station number. * Precondition: Benefit for FCV users (price/convenience etc.) are secured, and FCVs are widely and smoothly deployed

26 Advanced Propulsion Technology Cost Reduction Enabled through Generational Learning Significant cost reduction of new technology is enabled through generational designs based on in-use experience 100% 75% Cost % 50% 25% Gen1 Gen2 Gen3 Time & Volume

27 Summary GM is committed to Advanced Propulsion Technologies No one solution - today and tomorrow the power of AND Conventional Improvements Electrification (Hybrid, PHEV, EREV, BEV, Fuel Cell EV) GM s Next Generation program (Gen2) targets 2015 introduction Bandwidth of application options Automotive durability Significant product cost reduction through design simplifications and platinum loading reductions Research initiatives to close remaining gaps on cost are underway With hydrogen stations according to SAE J2601A (-40ºC precooling) refueling will be comparable to today s gasoline vehicles. Type4 70MPa compressed hydrogen storage tanks have significant advantages over Type3 35MPa tanks for commercialization Key stakeholders need to work together aggressively to provide infrastructure, regulations and to implement incentives

28