District heating in Denmark 100 years history in 15 minutes Visit by Boston Green Ribbon Commission Administration 16 June 2016 Lars Gullev Chair, DBDH CEO, VEKS
Table of contents District Heating (DH) = District Energy (DE) Introduction of Danish Board of District Heating. District Heating (DH) in Denmark History 1903-1979 What consequences had the heat Supply Act for the expansion of DH in Denmark? What is the secret behind this amazing development? Is DH complicated? Where are we today? What can we expect in the future?
DBDH Unites the energy Promoting district energy for a sustainable city transformation. Organization for leading actors in the District Heating and Cooling (DHC) Sector. Established in 1978 today 65 members. Magazine HOT COOL. www.dbdh.dk. Photo: CTR Peak Load Station by the Copenhagen Airport
DBDH The District Heating Industry Manufactures Consulting engineers - Utilities
Table of contents Introduction of Danish Board of District Heating. District Heating (DH) in Denmark History 1903-1979 What consequences had the heat Supply Act for the expansion of DH in Denmark? What is the secret behind this amazing development? Is DH complicated? Where are we today? What can we expect in the future?
1903
100 years DH history 1897-1903 Impossible to find areas for landfills inside the boundaries of the municipality of Frederiksberg. Construction of a new hospital.
100 years DH history 1903-1914 The first steps to construct a DH system in the centre of Copenhagen was taken just after 1903. The customers were CPH City Hall, hospitals and public baths. Heat production was based on CHP.
100 years DH history 1945 DH systems were until now primarily established in the larger cities. The DH companies were municipality-owned.
100 years DH history 1945-1960 Increasing welfare in the Danish society. Water-based heating systems are replacing stoves and fireplaces. New company structure: Groups of citizens join together and establish consumer cooperatives - inspired by the countryside 75 years ago.
100 years DH history 1945-1960 What is the driver for the development? Market Price difference between gas oil and fuel oil is a kick-off for the expansion of DH in Denmark.
100 years DH history Oil crisis in 1973 and 1979 1973 The war in the Middle-East resulted in increasing oil prices. Oil supplies to Denmark were reduced. About 92 % of the energy consumption in Denmark was at that time based on imported oil.
100 years DH history 1979 The first Heat Supply Act in the world with focus on: Energy supply system based on different fuels. Improving the reliability of energy and fuel supply. Increasing the overall energy efficiency.
What consequences had the Heat Supply Act for the expansion of district heating in Denmark? the heat Act?
Focus on Combined Heat and Power (CHP) What is that?
Heating installations in dwellings 1000 units 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 34 % 63 % 500 0 1981 1990 2000 2010 2014 Oil burner District heating Natural gas burner Others Danish Energy Agency Page 16
What is the secret behind this amazing development?
District Heating Adds Real Value District Heating Lower Price Jobs Less CO 2 Energy efficiency
Is district heating complicated?
Technically DH is NOT Complicated Storage DH is fuel agnostic! Pipes, pumps, valves... Heat demand Like your own boiler a lot bigger and a lot smarter!! Moving free heat to a useful place Extremely well proven technology!!
Where are we today?
Today 113 years after the beginning. Main Results: Lowest energy consumption per GDP-unit in EU. Highest contribution to electricity from new renewables (non-hydro RE) in the world. Most efficient clean coal technology world wide. Leading nation of advanced energy solutions (DH and CHP, wind turbines, biomass plants, energy saving technologies ) Front Cover of Hot Cool 3/2009 (Focus: System Integrator on Urban Infrastructure)
The Danish Example De-linking Economic Growth from Energy Consumption Financial Crisis
Energy consumption for heating in dwellings Index 1990=100 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 80 Climate adjusted 75 1990 '95 '00 '05 '10 '14 Heated floor space Final energy consumption Final energy consumption per m2 123 % 98 % 80 % Danish Energy Agency
CHP share of thermal power and district 100% heating production 80% 60% 70 % 60 % 40% 20% 0% 1990 '95 '00 '05 '10 '14 District heating Electricity, shares of thermal production Danish Energy Agency
Fuel consumption for district heating production, percentage distribution 100% 20 % 50 % 50% 0% 1990 '95 '00 '05 '10 '14 Heat pumps and electric boilers Renewable energy Waste, non-renewable Coal Natural gas Oil Danish Energy Agency
What can we expect in the future?
100 % CO 2 neutral DH in CPH in 2025 VEKS Partnership between 12 municipalities 350,000 tax-payers 170,000 end users 9,000 TJ (2,500 GWh) 40 km Køge Bay DH in Greater Copenhagen 19 municipalities 4 integrated systems 500,000 end users 34,500 TJ (9,600 GWh)
Summary DH and DHC cannot solve all the modern society s climate and environmental problems, but.
Summary no modern society can solve the growing climate and environmental challenges without involving DH and DHC as an integral part of the infrastructure.
Thank you Further information: www.dbdh.dk www.veks.dk lg@veks.dk