Status of the district heating and cooling infrastructures in Italy

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Rolf Strickland
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1 Status of the district heating and cooling infrastructures in Italy Sabine Mannarino Associazione Italiana Riscaldamento Urbano - AIRU, P.za Luigi di Savoia 22, Milano

2 Guidelines from EU Directives The new Directive EED (2012/27/EU) recognizes to highefficiency cogeneration and DHC infrastructures a significant role for saving primary energy. Efficient DHC means a system using at least 50 % of renewable energy, or 50 % of waste heat, or 75 % cogenerated heat, or 50 % of a combination of such energies and heat. A wide diffusion and implementation of these infrastructures in cities and towns has a huge potential to strongly reduce the dependence on energy imports, to mitigate the climate change and to overcome the economic crisis.

Efficient DHC means a system using at least 50 % of renewable energy, or 50 % of waste heat, or 75 % cogenerated heat, or 50 % of a

3 Italian Implementation The energy efficiency is the first priority. Art. 7 of EED (art. 7 of d.lgs.102/14): energy efficiency obligation scheme created 60% of energy saving (2020) by White Certificates system Development Ministry will report the scheme results and evaluate whether to increase WC system or define new energy efficiency mechanisms Art. 9 of EED (art.9 of d.lgs. 102/14): Many problems related to the definitions and to the boundaries of the metering systems Art. 14 of EED (art. 10 of d.lgs. 102/14): Full implementation, with the additional set of empowering roles to the Energy Authority which will have to Define quality standards for DH Define criteria for price calculation (and publication) Analyze TPA conditions

to increase WC system or define new energy efficiency mechanisms Art. 9 of EED (art.9 of d.lgs.

4 Italian Implementation A big problem with the definition of efficient district heating EED Text a district heating or cooling system using at least 50 % renewable energy, 50 % waste heat, 75 % cogenerated heat or 50 % of a combination of such energy and heat. Text of the Italian Government a district heating or cooling system using at least 50 % renewable energy or, 50 % waste heat or, 50 % of a mix of the above, or 75 % cogenerated heat. is finally solved.

5 Climatic zones in Italy Concerning the rational use of energy and energy savings (Italian law D.P.R. 412/93), the country is divided into six climatic sub-zones, on the base of the different number of degree days in the various areas with reference to the average indoor temperature of 20 C

412/93), the country is divided into six climatic sub-zones, on the base

6 Status of DHC systemsin Italy Most of the Italian DHC systems are efficient systems, as defined by UE Directive, or rather they use an integration of RES and high efficiency combined heat and power (CHP).

UE Directive, or rather they use an integration of

7 The ItalianDHC systems 200 DHCsystems space heating302mm 3 1,120,000equiv.flats 9200 GWh t delivered energy 6560 GWh e power energy from CHP 541,213 TEP energy saving 1,778,037tonslessemissionsof CO 2.

8 Space heatingbydhc systems in the last 40 yearsin Italy Volumes heated by DH - million of m Evolution of space heating ANNI

million of m3 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994

9 ItalianDHC: The contributionof RES Energia primaria utilizzata nei sistemi di produzione (ktep) Rifiuti Biomassa Carbone Energia elettrica (EP) Geotermia Biogas Gasolio e olio comb. Gas Bioliquidi Recupero Solare The natural gas is the main source Urban solid waste 11%, coal 2% (so far used by the Brescia plant only), biomass 7% and fuel oil 1,9%, biogas 2,9%, biofuels 1,6% and geothermal 1%. The urban solid waste has realized the overtaking of the fuel oil 1995 and it has been since then the second source used by the DHC systems in Italy. The other RES (geothermal and industrial recovery) are still marginal, totalizing altogether around 1%

Gas Bioliquidi Recupero Solare The natural gas is the main source Urban solid waste 11%, coal 2% (so far used by the Brescia plant only), biomass 7% and fuel oil

10 ItalianDHC: spaceheatingby user Volumetria teleriscaldata distinta per tipologia d'utenza Anno 2013 Industriale Terziario Residenziale

11 Regionaldistributionof spaceheating 140 Distribuzione geografica degli impianti di teleriscaldamento Anno 2013 Volumetria riscaldata - milioni di m The DHC systems are concentrated in Northern Italy with almost all of the district heated volume (252 millions of m 3, equal to 97% of the total volume) concentrated in six northern regions: Lombardia, Piemonte, Emilia Romagna, Veneto, Trentino Alto Adige e Valle d Aosta

with almost all of the district heated volume (252 millions of m 3, equal to 97% of the total volume)

12 Potenza elettrica e termica - MW Production capacity of plants Type and power of the installed technologies feeding DH systems Year 2013 NO HOBs indicated NO Electric Power is indicated for systems which are not dedicated to DH (Termoelectric plants, WTEs) 0 potenza elettrica potenza termica Prevailing type of units: CHP plants feed by fossil fuels Several WtE plants Excluding some very localized historical plants located in the area of Lardarello, Ferrara remains the only case in the northern regions of geothermal RES feeding by more than 50% the DHC system

Electric Power is indicated for systems which are not dedicated to DH (Termoelectric plants, WTEs) 0 potenza elettrica potenza termica Prevailing

13 DH -Market

14 Thanks for your attention

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