If n is odd, then 3n + 7 is even.



Similar documents
Full and Complete Binary Trees

Basic Proof Techniques

MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION. Mathematical Induction. This is a powerful method to prove properties of positive integers.

Chapter 3. Cartesian Products and Relations. 3.1 Cartesian Products

SOLVING POLYNOMIAL EQUATIONS

Notes from February 11

Doug Ravenel. October 15, 2008

Solutions to Homework 6 Mathematics 503 Foundations of Mathematics Spring 2014

Introduction. Appendix D Mathematical Induction D1

WRITING PROOFS. Christopher Heil Georgia Institute of Technology

Indiana State Core Curriculum Standards updated 2009 Algebra I

Handout #1: Mathematical Reasoning

9.2 Summation Notation

WHAT ARE MATHEMATICAL PROOFS AND WHY THEY ARE IMPORTANT?

Warm up. Connect these nine dots with only four straight lines without lifting your pencil from the paper.

6 EXTENDING ALGEBRA. 6.0 Introduction. 6.1 The cubic equation. Objectives

= = 3 4, Now assume that P (k) is true for some fixed k 2. This means that

Sample Induction Proofs

of Nebraska - Lincoln

CHAPTER 3. Methods of Proofs. 1. Logical Arguments and Formal Proofs

Math Circle Beginners Group October 18, 2015

SECTION 10-2 Mathematical Induction

Collatz Sequence. Fibbonacci Sequence. n is even; Recurrence Relation: a n+1 = a n + a n 1.

The Factor Theorem and a corollary of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

1 Introductory Comments. 2 Bayesian Probability

Integer roots of quadratic and cubic polynomials with integer coefficients

3. Mathematical Induction

Zeros of Polynomial Functions

Factoring Polynomials

If A is divided by B the result is 2/3. If B is divided by C the result is 4/7. What is the result if A is divided by C?

MTH124: Honors Algebra I

Lecture Notes on Polynomials

Welcome to Math Video Lessons. Stanley Ocken. Department of Mathematics The City College of New York Fall 2013

Arkansas Tech University MATH 4033: Elementary Modern Algebra Dr. Marcel B. Finan

PYTHAGOREAN TRIPLES KEITH CONRAD

JUST THE MATHS UNIT NUMBER 1.8. ALGEBRA 8 (Polynomials) A.J.Hobson

Math 55: Discrete Mathematics

Congruent Number Problem

FACTORING CERTAIN INFINITE ABELIAN GROUPS BY DISTORTED CYCLIC SUBSETS

Properties of Real Numbers

SOLUTIONS FOR PROBLEM SET 2

Math 55: Discrete Mathematics

Trigonometric Functions and Equations

The program also provides supplemental modules on topics in geometry and probability and statistics.

Revised Version of Chapter 23. We learned long ago how to solve linear congruences. ax c (mod m)

a 1 x + a 0 =0. (3) ax 2 + bx + c =0. (4)

6.2 Permutations continued

Direct Translation is the process of translating English words and phrases into numbers, mathematical symbols, expressions, and equations.

Mathematical Induction. Lecture 10-11

So let us begin our quest to find the holy grail of real analysis.

TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY. Prime Factorization. A History and Discussion. Jason R. Prince. April 4, 2011

Answer Key for California State Standards: Algebra I

Row Echelon Form and Reduced Row Echelon Form

NOT AN OFFICIAL SCORE REPORT. Summary of Results

Investigation of Chebyshev Polynomials

Linear Equations in One Variable

We can express this in decimal notation (in contrast to the underline notation we have been using) as follows: b + 90c = c + 10b

SYSTEMS OF PYTHAGOREAN TRIPLES. Acknowledgements. I would like to thank Professor Laura Schueller for advising and guiding me

Discrete Mathematics: Homework 7 solution. Due:

Algebra 2 Notes AII.7 Functions: Review, Domain/Range. Function: Domain: Range:

Continued Fractions and the Euclidean Algorithm

An Innocent Investigation

The Prime Numbers. Definition. A prime number is a positive integer with exactly two positive divisors.

How To Factorize Of Finite Abelian Groups By A Cyclic Subset Of A Finite Group

Toothpick Squares: An Introduction to Formulas

Number Theory Hungarian Style. Cameron Byerley s interpretation of Csaba Szabó s lectures

parent ROADMAP MATHEMATICS SUPPORTING YOUR CHILD IN HIGH SCHOOL

Pythagorean Theorem: Proof and Applications

MATH 22. THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM of ARITHMETIC. Lecture R: 10/30/2003

Algebra I. In this technological age, mathematics is more important than ever. When students

A Brief Introduction to Mathematical Writing

5 Homogeneous systems

Verifying Specifications with Proof Scores in CafeOBJ

Year 12 Pure Mathematics. C1 Coordinate Geometry 1. Edexcel Examination Board (UK)

DIVISORS IN A DEDEKIND DOMAIN. Javier Cilleruelo and Jorge Jiménez-Urroz. 1 Introduction

Variables in Mathematics Education

0.8 Rational Expressions and Equations

As we have seen, there is a close connection between Legendre symbols of the form

Summation Algebra. x i

Vocabulary. Term Page Definition Clarifying Example. biconditional statement. conclusion. conditional statement. conjecture.

Adversary Modelling 1

Mathematical Induction. Mary Barnes Sue Gordon

6.3 Conditional Probability and Independence

Some facts about polynomials modulo m (Full proof of the Fingerprinting Theorem)

Section 4.2: The Division Algorithm and Greatest Common Divisors

Taylor and Maclaurin Series

No Solution Equations Let s look at the following equation: 2 +3=2 +7

Stanford Math Circle: Sunday, May 9, 2010 Square-Triangular Numbers, Pell s Equation, and Continued Fractions

Factoring Polynomials

March 29, S4.4 Theorems about Zeros of Polynomial Functions

GREATEST COMMON DIVISOR

CONTENTS 1. Peter Kahn. Spring 2007

Solutions for Practice problems on proofs

z 0 and y even had the form

SOLVING SEXTIC EQUATIONS. Raghavendra G. Kulkarni

Free Pre-Algebra Lesson 55! page 1

Polynomials and Factoring

MATH 289 PROBLEM SET 4: NUMBER THEORY

Survey of the Mathematics of Big Data

Transcription:

Proof:

Proof: We suppose...

that 3n + 7 is even.

that 3n + 7 is even. Since n is odd, there exists an integer k so that n = 2k + 1.

that 3n + 7 is even. Since n is odd, there exists an integer k so that n = 2k + 1. By substituting for n and using algebra, we get 3n + 7 = 3(2k + 1) + 7

that 3n + 7 is even. Since n is odd, there exists an integer k so that n = 2k + 1. By substituting for n and using algebra, we get 3n + 7 = 3(2k + 1) + 7 3n + 7 = 6k + 3 + 7

that 3n + 7 is even. Since n is odd, there exists an integer k so that n = 2k + 1. By substituting for n and using algebra, we get 3n + 7 = 3(2k + 1) + 7 3n + 7 = 6k + 3 + 7 3n + 7 = 6k + 10

that 3n + 7 is even. Since n is odd, there exists an integer k so that n = 2k + 1. By substituting for n and using algebra, we get 3n + 7 = 3(2k + 1) + 7 3n + 7 = 6k + 3 + 7 3n + 7 = 6k + 10 3n + 7 = 2(3k + 5).

that 3n + 7 is even. Since n is odd, there exists an integer k so that n = 2k + 1. By substituting for n and using algebra, we get 3n + 7 = 3(2k + 1) + 7 3n + 7 = 6k + 3 + 7 3n + 7 = 6k + 10 3n + 7 = 2(3k + 5). Since k is an integer, 3k + 5 is also an integer because integers are closed under addition and multiplication.

that 3n + 7 is even. Since n is odd, there exists an integer k so that n = 2k + 1. By substituting for n and using algebra, we get 3n + 7 = 3(2k + 1) + 7 3n + 7 = 6k + 3 + 7 3n + 7 = 6k + 10 3n + 7 = 2(3k + 5). Since k is an integer, 3k + 5 is also an integer because integers are closed under addition and multiplication. If we let q be the integer 3k + 5, then by substitution we have shown 3n + 7 = 2q.

that 3n + 7 is even. Since n is odd, there exists an integer k so that n = 2k + 1. By substituting for n and using algebra, we get 3n + 7 = 3(2k + 1) + 7 3n + 7 = 6k + 3 + 7 3n + 7 = 6k + 10 3n + 7 = 2(3k + 5). Since k is an integer, 3k + 5 is also an integer because integers are closed under addition and multiplication. If we let q be the integer 3k + 5, then by substitution we have shown 3n + 7 = 2q. Therefore, if n is an odd integer, we have shown that 3n + 7 is even.

that 3n + 7 is even. Since n is odd, there exists an integer k so that n = 2k + 1. By substituting for n and using algebra, we get 3n + 7 = 3(2k + 1) + 7 3n + 7 = 6k + 3 + 7 3n + 7 = 6k + 10 3n + 7 = 2(3k + 5). Since k is an integer, 3k + 5 is also an integer because integers are closed under addition and multiplication. If we let q be the integer 3k + 5, then by substitution we have shown 3n + 7 = 2q. Therefore, if n is an odd integer, we have shown that 3n + 7 is even.

Alternative proof: that 3n + 7 is even. Since n is odd, there exists an integer k so that n = 2k + 1. By substituting for n and using algebra, we get 3n + 7 = 3(2k + 1) + 7 = 6k + 3 + 7 = 6k + 10 = 2(3k + 5) = 2q, where q = 3k +5 is an integer because k is an integer, and integers are closed under addition and multiplication. Therefore, we have shown that 3n + 7 is even when n is an odd integer. QED

Writing Guidelines We do not consider a proof complete until there is a well-written proof.

Writing Guidelines We do not consider a proof complete until there is a well-written proof. 0. Do all of the thinking, work, and planning first. A Know-Show table or outline or notes or scratch work should be completed prior to writing so you can focus on quality writing, not math.

Writing Guidelines We do not consider a proof complete until there is a well-written proof. 0. Do all of the thinking, work, and planning first. A Know-Show table or outline or notes or scratch work should be completed prior to writing so you can focus on quality writing, not math. 1. Begin with a carefully worded statement of the theorem or result to be proven. State what you are about to prove. Below that write Proof and begin writing.

Writing Guidelines We do not consider a proof complete until there is a well-written proof. 0. Do all of the thinking, work, and planning first. A Know-Show table or outline or notes or scratch work should be completed prior to writing so you can focus on quality writing, not math. 1. Begin with a carefully worded statement of the theorem or result to be proven. State what you are about to prove. Below that write Proof and begin writing. 2. Begin the proof with a statement of assumptions. We assume (the hypothesis)... or Suppose (the hypothesis)...

Writing Guidelines We do not consider a proof complete until there is a well-written proof. 0. Do all of the thinking, work, and planning first. A Know-Show table or outline or notes or scratch work should be completed prior to writing so you can focus on quality writing, not math. 1. Begin with a carefully worded statement of the theorem or result to be proven. State what you are about to prove. Below that write Proof and begin writing. 2. Begin the proof with a statement of assumptions. We assume (the hypothesis)... or Suppose (the hypothesis)... 3. Use the pronoun we. Mathematicians are a loving community that does everything together. Do not use I, my, you or similar pronouns in writing proofs. It is our convention that we use the pronouns we and our and us.

Writing Guidelines Continued... 4. Use italics for variables when typing. 5. Display important equations and mathematical expressions. They should be centered and well-aligned. 6. Tell the reader when you are done. Give some form of QED: Quod Erat Demonstrandum - which was to be demonstrated. Use whatever symbol you like: or or or or $.