Q. After a person is injured a doctor will sometimes ask for a photograph to be taken of the patient s bone structure, e.g. in the case of a suspected broken arm. (i) Which type of electromagnetic radiation would be used to take the photograph? () Describe the properties of this radiation which enable it to be used to photograph bone structure. () (Total 3 marks) Q. Explain fully why pregnant women should not normally have X-rays of the lower body................ (Total 4 marks) Page of 0
Q3. (a) A student uses a microphone to send different sounds to an oscilloscope. The diagrams show five traces, A, B, C, D and E, on the oscilloscope. All the traces are drawn to the same scale. (i) Which three diagrams show traces with the same amplitude? Diagrams...,... and.... () Which two diagrams show traces with the same frequency? Diagrams... and.... () (b) The diagram shows the sound frequencies which some living things can hear. (i) What is the widest range of frequencies that a human child can hear?... () Page of 0
Why can some dog whistles be heard by dogs but not by humans?...... () (c) An ultrasound scan can be used to make a picture of a baby in its mother s womb. An ultrasound transmitter and detector are placed above the mother s womb. Ultrasound goes into the body of the mother and into the body of the baby. Use the correct words from the box to complete the sentences. detector reflection refraction sound substance transmitter (i) When the ultrasound crosses from one... to another, some ultrasound becomes an echo caused by.... This information is collected by the ultrasound... and made into a picture on a screen. (3) (Total 7 marks) Page 3 of 0
Q4. The ray diagram shows a converging lens being used as a magnifying glass. The diagram has been drawn to scale. (a) What name is given to the type of lens used as a magnifying glass?... () (b) Calculate the magnification produced by the lens. Write down the equation you use, and then show clearly how you work out your answer................... Magnification =... () (c) Describe the image produced by a magnifying glass.......... (3) (Total 6 marks) Page 4 of 0
Q5. The diagram shows a ray of light travelling through a glass block. (a) (b) Complete the diagram to show what happens to the ray of light when it comes out of the glass. Explain why this happens to the ray of light. () () (Total 4 marks) Page 5 of 0
Q6. Glass prisms are used in many optical devices. (a) The diagram shows what happens to a ray of light as it travels through a glass prism. To gain full marks for this question you should write your ideas in good English. Put them into a sensible order and use the correct scientific words. Use the words in the box to help you to explain why the ray behaves in this way. angle critical normal (3) Page 6 of 0
(b) Periscopes can be used to look over the heads of other people. A periscope contains two glass prisms. Complete the diagram to show the ray of light reaching the person s eye. (3) (Total 6 marks) Page 7 of 0
Q7. (a) The diagrams below show rays of light striking a mirror and a perspex block. Complete the paths of the three rays of light on the diagrams to show the rays leaving the mirror and the perspex block. (4) (b) The diagram below shows a beam of light striking a perspex block. (i) (iii) Continue the paths of the rays AB and CD inside the perspex block. Draw the wavefronts of the beam of light in the perspex. Explain why the beam behaves in the way you have shown.......... (7) Page 8 of 0
(c) The diagram below shows a ray of light striking a perspex-air surface from inside the perspex. The critical angle is 45º. Draw the path of the ray after it reaches the perspex-air boundary. () (Total 3 marks) Q8. Ultrasound can be used in industry for detecting internal cracks in metals. (a) State two features of ultrasound....... () (b) The diagram shows an ultrasound transmitter and detector fixed to the front of a metal block. The block has an internal crack. Page 9 of 0
The diagram below shows the screen of the oscilloscope connected to the detector. (i) Explain why pulse A and pulse B occur.......... () The metal block is 0 mm from front to back. What is the distance, in mm, from the front of the block to the internal crack? Distance =... mm () (Total 5 marks) Q9. The diagram shows the image IC formed by a lens, of an object OB a long way from it. The points F mark the focal points of the lens. (a) Describe, either by writing below or drawing on the diagram, how the size and position of the image changes: (i) when the object OB is moved towards the focal point F....... Page 0 of 0
when the object OB is moved past F to a point nearer the lens than the focal point....... (4) (b) Explain how a converging lens in a camera is used to produce sharp images on the film when the object is a long distance away from the camera, and when it is close to the camera................ (3) (Total 7 marks) Q0. Lenses are used in many optical devices. Complete the table below about the images formed by some optical devices. OPTICAL DEVICE NATURE OF IMAGE SIZE OF IMAGE POSITION OF IMAGE Eye real Projector Magnified camera Closer to lens than the object (Total 6 marks) Q. (a) The diagram shows two parallel rays of light, a lens and its axis. (i) Complete the diagram to show what happens to the rays. () Page of 0
Name the point where the rays come together.... () (iii) What word can be used to describe this type of lens?... () (b) The diagram shows two parallel rays of light, a lens and its axis. (i) Which point A, B, C, D or E shows the focal point for this diagram? Point... () Explain your answer to part (b)(i)....... () (iii) What word can be used to describe this type of lens?... () Page of 0
(c) Complete the following three sentences by crossing out the two lines in each box which are wrong film In a camera a converging lens is used to produce an image on a lens. screen The image is larger than smaller than the same size as the object. Compared to the distance of the image from the lens, the object is further away from nearer to the same distance from the lens. (3) (d) Explain the difference between a real image and a virtual image. (3) (Total 3 marks) Page 3 of 0
M. (i) X-rays or gamma rays for mark passes through flesh; stopped by bone/absorbed for mark each [3] M. idea that X-rays cause mutations gains mark but X-rays can cause/increase chance of mutations gains marks mutations usually harmful/produce abnormal growth serious effect on growing foetus/rapidly growing cells each for mark [4] M3. (a) (i) A, C and D any order but all three required and no others D and E either order but both required and no others (b) (i) 0000 (Hz) to 0 (Hz) accept 9980 (Hz) or vice-versa frequency (of dog whistle) too high (for humans to hear) / frequency above 0000 Hz accept it is ultrasound accept sound from the whistle is ultrasonic (c) (i) substance reflection correct order essential Page 4 of 0
detector [7] M4. (a) converging accept convex (b) 3 allow mark for substitution into the correct equation ie (c) bigger accept magnified upright virtual [6] M5. (a) ray shown refracted (to rhs or along normal) gains mark but ray shown refracted away from normal gains marks (b) idea that travels at a different speed gains mark (allow refracted / travels slower in air / air is less dense) (do not allow bent) but travels more quickly in air gains marks [4] Page 5 of 0
M6. (a) Quality of written communication: Correct use of of the words, angle, critical, normal and reflection any two from light is reflected / bounces off if angle between ray and normal angle of incidence is greater than critical angle idea that no refraction bending if ray at 90 (b) mark for reflection at X if ray would reach the lower prism mark for subsequent reflection at Y mark for subsequent ray emerging from prism in direction of front of eye accept dotted or dashed lines ignore any arrows 3 [6] M7. (a) Reflection correct Normal incidence correct in and out Correct refraction in Parallel ray out each for mark 4 (b) (i) Each ray correctly refracted in + = 7 Wavefronts perp sides Wavefronts closer (Cannot score wavefront marks if refracted rays clearly wrong) Page 6 of 0
(iii) Speed reduces Starting at B Then D each for mark (c) TIR correct gets marks Else rough reflection gets mark [3] M8. (a) any two points: do not credit features which are true of sound in general eg longitudinal waves humans cannot hear ultrasound it has a very high frequency / pitch do not credit just has a high frequency / pitch above the (upper) limit for humans / above 0 000 Hz (b) (i) ultrasound / waves are reflected...are bounced is insufficient, but...echo is acceptable Pulse A indicates / is the crack Pulse B indicates / is the back (of the block or crack) need to mention both A and B to get this mark 90 (mm) accept any answer in the range 88 9 (mm) [5] M9. (a) (i) Image distance increases Image size increases Remains inverted Remains real for mark each Page 7 of 0
Image distance decreases Image size decreases Becomes upright Becomes virtual for mark each (b) Move lens with respect to film Closer for distant objects Further for near objects for mark each 3 [7] M0. Eye Diminished/smaller than object Nearer the lens than object or on the retina for mark each Projector real Further from lens than object for mark each Camera real Smaller (than object) for mark each [6] ## (a) (i) rays continued to meet on the right hand side of the lens and beyond must be straight lines from the right hand side of the lens ignore details through the lens allow if no arrows meet exactly on the axis negate mark if contradictory arrow(s) added do not need to go beyond the focus for this mark (iii) (principal) focus or focal (point) converging or convex Page 8 of 0
(b) (i) A rays seem to come from this point or words to this effect or shows this on the diagram (iii) diverging or concave (c) film accept any unambiguous method of showing the correct response smaller than further away from (d) any three from: real image can be put on a screen allow film virtual image cannot be put on a screen / film virtual image is imaginary real image is formed where (real) rays cross / converge allow real image has light travelling through it virtual image is where virtual / imaginary rays (seem to) come from or virtual image is where rays seem to come from virtual image formed where virtual rays intersect / cross 3 [3] Page 9 of 0
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