Name: Class: Date: Earth Science Chapter 8 Section 2 Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which seismic waves travel most rapidly? a. P waves c. surface waves b. S waves d. tsunamis 2. Which one of the following statements is true about P waves? a. They travel only through solids. b. They travel faster than S waves. c. They are the most destructive type of seismic wave. d. They cannot be recorded on a seismograph. 3. Which seismic waves compress and expand rocks in the direction the waves travel? a. P waves c. surface waves b. S waves d. transverse waves 4. What is the minimum number of seismic stations that is needed to determine the location of an earthquake s epicenter? a. two c. four b. one d. three 5. A travel-time graph can be used to find the. a. focus of an earthquake b. strength of an earthquake c. damage caused by an earthquake d. distance to the epicenter of an earthquake 6. An earthquake s magnitude is a measure of the. a. size of seismic waves it produces b. amount of shaking it produces c. number of surface waves it produces d. damage it causes 7. The scale most widely used by scientists for measuring earthquakes is the. a. seismic scale c. moment magnitude scale b. Richter scale d. epicenter magnitude scale 8. What instrument records earthquake waves? a. seismogram c. Richter scale b. seismograph d. barometer 9. The amount of shaking produced by an earthquake at a given location is called the. a. intensity c. epicenter b. magnitude d. Richter magnitude 1
Name: 10. The trace that records an earthquake from seismic instruments is called a. a. seismograph c. richtergram b. seismogram d. magnitude Completion Complete each statement. 11. The seismic waves that travel through Earth s interior are waves. Short Answer: ON THE TEST, you will have to complete TWO SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS from ALL of the short answer questions that appear in the chapter. 12. What are the three types of seismic waves? 13. If you know the distance of an earthquake epicenter from three seismic stations, how can you find the exact location of the epicenter of the earthquake? 14. Describe the two types of measurements scientists use to describe earthquakes. 2
Name: Essay: ON THE TEST, you will have to complete ONE ESSAY QUESTION from ALL of the essay questions that appear in the chapter. 15. Describe how the three different types of seismic waves move and affect the movement of the material they pass over or through. 3
Earth Science Chapter 8 Section 2 Review Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: 8.4 2. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: 8.4 3. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: 8.4 4. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: 8.5 5. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: 8.5 6. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: 8.6 7. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: 8.6 8. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: 8.6 9. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: 8.6 10. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: 8.6 COMPLETION 11. ANS: body PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: 8.4 SHORT ANSWER 12. ANS: surface waves, P waves, and S waves PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: 8.4 13. ANS: On a map, draw a circle around each seismic station, making sure that the radius of each circle represents the distance of the epicenter from each station; the epicenter is the point where the three circles intersect. PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: 8.5 14. ANS: Intensity is the amount of damage an earthquake causes at a particular location, and magnitude is a measure of the size of seismic waves or the amount of energy released at the source of the earthquake. PTS: 1 DIF: L1 OBJ: 8.6 1
ESSAY 15. ANS: Surface waves travel along Earth s surface and move the ground from side to side, and in an up-and-down motion. P waves travel through Earth s interior. P waves compress and expand material through which they pass in the direction the waves travel, producing a temporary volume change in the material as the waves pass. P waves create a back-and-forth motion along the surface that makes the ground buckle and crack. P waves can travel through solids, liquids, and gases. S waves also travel through Earth s interior and shake material at right angles to their direction of motion, temporarily changing the shape of the material they pass through and making the ground shake up-and-down and sideways. S waves can only travel through solids. PTS: 1 DIF: L2 OBJ: 8.4 2