Phonics, Reading and Writing Instructions What is Phonics?

字母拼讀與讀寫指導 Phonics, Reading and Writing Instructions What is Phonics? the knowledge of letter-sound correspondence

What is Phonemic Awareness? the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words Difference between Phonics and Phonemic Awareness Phonemic awareness deals with sounds in spoken word. Phonics deals with the relationship between sounds and letters.

Why Phonics? English is an alphabetic language in which printed letters correspond to sounds. Phonics ability and phonemic awareness are necessary for young children to acquire the alphabetic principle. How does phonics help EFL learners? Reading (decoding and comprehension) Spelling (spelling and memorizing English words) Pronunciation

Disadvantages Not one to one correspondent: 1. tape, tap, tall, taro, ago, any, orange 2. to, too, two, true, threw, through, shoe 3. read, boat, ship, chip, this, think, phone 4. know, kite, lamb, write, watch, light, Wednesday Phonics Categories 1. Single consonants --- b, c, (21 consonants) 2. Short vowels --- a, e, i, o, u 3. Long vowels --- a_e, e _e, i _e, o _e, u _e 4. Vowel digraphs --- ai, ay, ea, ee, oa, oo 5. Diphthongs --- ou, oy, ow 6. r and l controlled vowels --- ar, er, ir, or, ur, -all, -ill, -ell,

7. Consonant digraphs --- ch, sh, th, wh, ph, wr, kn, qu, ng 8. Consonant cluster --- bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gr, pl, pr, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, spl, spr, st, tr, str, nk, nd, nt, 9. Others s --- sun / is / sure / treasure c --- cat / city a --- ago / baby / apple / car / ball / sea Sequence of Phonics Instruction Letter name & letter form letter sound (Mostly consonants & short vowels)

Phonics Instructions 1. Traditional a. Analytic / indirect / implicit method b. Synthetic / direct / explicit method 2. Constructive a. Spell based making words word study: picture sort & word sort b. Compare/contrast and analogy: eat, neat, meat Phonics Related Ability Reading with phonics: letter letter-sound correspondence blending Related ability: 1. Letter knowledge (pre-phonics level) 2. Letter-sound correspondence 3. Phonological awareness

Letter Knowledge Instruction Letter Names & Letter Forms -- Alphabet recognition Letter Sounds -- Phonemic awareness -- Phonics Meaningful Association -- Word recognition Chant & Song Reading Letter Names & Letter Forms -- Alphabet recognition 1. Introducing capital letters and small letters Focus on pronunciation /i/: b, c, d, e, g, p, t, v, z /ε/: f, l, m, n, s, x /e/: a, h, j, k /ai/: i, y /u/: q, u, w o and r

Letter Names & Letter Forms -- Alphabet recognition 2. Four Skill Activities: Listening: Point to (letters on the board) Show Me (using cards) Speaking: Speed Reading (class/group/pair) Poker Game Letter Names & Letter Forms -- Alphabet recognition 2. Four Skill Activities: Reading: Ordering Game (using cards, time keeping) Pair up (using cards, time keeping) Memory Game (using cards)

Letter Names & Letter Forms -- Alphabet recognition 2. Four Skill Activities: Writing instruction: Format (notebook & lines) 頂天立地 Say and Write (in class practice) Confusable Letter Pairs b, d, looking at me p, q, point to my shoes

1. Introducing letter sounds Cat & Dog Letter Sounds -- Phonemic awareness Avoid too much information and confusion: * a, a, a, /æ/, /æ/, /æ/. A, a, apple. a, /æ/, apple. Focus on pronunciation a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Letter Sounds -- Phonemic awareness 2. Phonemic awareness training Listen for the beginning sound: apple, ball, cat, dog, egg, fox

Letter Sounds -- Phonics skill 3. Phonics skill training: Manipulating the sound Making words Making words for EFL Beginners Use short vowels and consonants Begin with two-letter words Make CVC words Sequential consideration C, V V C C V C (Ex) c, a, t a t c a t End up with meaningful reading or ask students to make sentences with the words

CVC Words for Beginners abccab abedef bed dad abcdefgh bag abcdefghijk big fig kid Jack abcdefghijklmn man leg can abcdefghijklmnop mop cap pig abcdefghijklmnopqr red abcdefghijklmnopqrst bat hat rat abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvw sun van wig abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz six yo-yo zebra Sample Lessons of Making words, Word Sorting and Reading Letters: a i b c f g n t Make: in at cat fat bat bag big Sort for: in at ag ig Reading: I see a cat. I see a fat cat. I see a bag. I see a big bag. I see a fat cat in a big bag.

Changing a Hen to a Fox cat hen pig fox bug hen pen pin fin fix fox pig bug pig cat fox bug cat fox hen cat hen cat cat pig

pig bug pig cat fox bug cat rig dug big bat box hug hat rid dig wig hat bop dug rat rib pig win rat top dig rag rob pin fin pat mop big bag bob pen fit pet map bag big box ten fat pen mat bat dig fox hen cat hen cat cat pig Phonics Chants Letter sound chant -at, -at! c, -at, cat! I see a cat. -at,- at! b, -at, bat! I see a bat. -at,- at! h,- at, hat! I see a hat.

Phonics Chants Letter sound chant Show me, show me, show me a box. Here you are. x2 Ox, ox, in the box! Fox, fox, in the box! Show me, show me, show me a box. Here you are. x2 Phonics Songs http://www.kiddyhouse.com/songs/alpha/a.html Phonic Song A Ants on the apple a, a, a Ants on the apple a, a, a Ants on the apple a, a, a "a" is the sound of "A"

Phonics and RT R1 & R2: Cat, cat, cat. R1: A cat. R2: A fat cat. R3 & R4: I see a fat cat. R3 & R4: Hat, hat, hat. R3: A hat. R4: A big hat. R1 & R2: I see a big hat. All: Look, the fat cat is in the big hat! Phonics Tongue Twisters Fuzzy Wuzz http://www.starfall.com/n/twisters/fuzzywuzzy/load.htm?f Fuzzy Wuzzy was a bear. Fuzzy Wuzzy had no hair. Fuzzy Wuzzy wasn t very fuzzy, was he?

Phonics Tongue Twisters Peter Piper http://www.starfall.com/n/twisters/peterpiper/load.htm?f Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers; A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked; If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked? Seashells Phonics Tongue Twisters http://www.starfall.com/n/twisters/shellysells/load.htm?f http://www.enchantedlearning.com/rhymes/shesells.shtml She sells sea shells by the sea shore. And the shells she sells are surely sea shells. Since she sells shells by the sea shore, I'm sure the shells she sells are seashore shells.

Phonics Tongue Twisters Woodchuck http://www.starfall.com/n/twisters/woodchuck/load.htm?f http://www.enchantedlearning.com/rhymes/woodchuck.shtml How much wood would a woodchuck chuck, if a woodchuck could chuck wood? He would chuck as much wood as a woodchuck could, if a woodchuck could chuck wood. http://www.starfall.com/n/levelb/index/load.htm?f http://www.britishcouncil.org/kids http://www.enchantedlearning.com/ http://www.kizclub.com/ http://www.genkienglish.net/phonicsgame 2.htm ESL Writing Wizard

Effective Phonics Instruction 1. Constant Continuous Instruction Effective Phonics Instruction 2. Incorporating phonics in vocabulary instruction SEE, HEAR, SAY and WRITE the words ---- Using multi-sensory instruction Finger-pointing reading Letter- sound correspondence in reading and writing --- Say and write

Textbook Example 1 A bag cat Pat rabbit sad She is Pat. She has a cat. 1. a ag bag bag 2. a at cat cat 3. a at Pat Pat 4. a ra bbit rabbit 5. a ad sad sad 6. She is Pat. 7. She has a cat. a_e Textbook Example 2 brave Dave cake name race This is Dave. He is brave. 1. a_e ave brave brave 2. a_e ave Dave Dave 3. a_e ake cake cake 4. a_e ame name name 5. a_e ace race race 6. This is Dave. 7. He is brave.

Effective Phonics Instruction 3. Blending a, t at h, -at hat bas, -ket basket basket, -ball basketball Effective Phonics Instruction 4. Segmentation Onset and rime: c/at, n/ice Syllable segmentation: to-day; mon-key Spelling patterns: -ight fight, light, might, night, right, sight, tight Compound word: book/store, free/way, sea/food, side/walk school/bag, bed/time,

Effective Phonics Instruction 6. Meaningful reading: words, phrases, sentences, rhymes, songs and chants, tongue twisters, phonics readers, easy readers,.. Dad by Wiley Blevins Scholastic Phonics Readers I am Dad. I am sad. I am mad. I am a sad, mad Dad. Am I sad? Am I mad? I am a glad Dad.

I Have a Cold by Grace Maccarone Scholastic Hello Reader Level 1 I have a cold. My ears are stuffy. My nose is runny. My eyes are puffy. Ah-choo! Ah-choo! I sneeze and sneeze. I blow my nose. Excuse me, please.

萬芳國小英語科盧貞穎 jenny@wfes.tp.edu.tw Letters 1 Class: Number: Name: Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg apple ball cup dog elephant fox girl H hat Ii ink Jj juice Kk kite Ll lion Mm monkey Nn nose Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt ox pig queen rabbit snake turtle Uu umbrella Vv violin Ww watch Xx box Yy yo-yo Zz zebra

萬芳國小英語科盧貞穎 jenny@wfes.tp.edu.tw Phonics 1 Class: Number: Name: Rime ad ag am an ap at Words bad bag dam ban cap bat dad gag jam can gap cat fad rag Pam Dan lap fat had tag ram fan map hat mad wag Sam man nap mat pad yam pan rap pat sad ran sap rat van tap sat Peer Parent Teacher

萬芳國小英語科盧貞穎 jenny@wfes.tp.edu.tw Phonics 2 Class: Number: Name: Rime ed eg ell en et Words bed beg bell Ben bet fed keg cell den get led leg dell hen jet Ned Meg fell Ken let red peg Nell men net Ted sell pen pet wed tell ten set well then wet yell when yet Peer Parent Teacher

萬芳國小英語科盧貞穎 jenny@wfes.tp.edu.tw Phonics 3 Class: Number: Name: Rime id ig ill in ip it Words bid big ill Bin dip bit did dig bill fin hip fit hid fig fill kin lip hit kid gig hill pin nip kit lid jig kill tin rip lit mid pig mill thin sip pit rid rig pill win tip sit wig till zip wit will Peer Parent Teacher

萬芳國小英語科盧貞穎 jenny@wfes.tp.edu.tw Phonics 4 Class: Number: Name: Rime ob od op ot ox Words Bob cod bop cot ox cob mod cop dot box job nod hop got fox lob pod mop hot pox mob rod pop jot rob sod sop lot sob top not pot rot Peer Parent Teacher

萬芳國小英語科盧貞穎 jenny@wfes.tp.edu.tw Phonics 5 Class: Number: Name: Rime ub ug um un ut Words cub bug bum bun but dub dug gum fun cut hub hug hum gun gut nub mug mum pun hut rub pug sum run jut sub rug slum sun nut tub tug rut Peer Parent Teacher