Campus Sustainability Assessment and Related Literature

Campus Sustainability Assessment and Related Literature An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide Andrew Nixon February 2002 Campus Sustainability Assessment Review Project Telephone: (616) 387-5626 Environmental Institute Fax: (616) 387-2272 Western Michigan University campus.assessment@wmich.edu Kalamazoo, MI 49008

Campus Sustainability Assessment and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide Introduction Everywhere around the world, institutions of higher learning are awakening to the urgent challenges of sustainability. This is only a recent development. Twenty years ago environmental stewardship in higher education was largely limited to regulatory compliance and scattered, often ad-hoc recycling programs. Today, formal recycling programs are commonplace, and some higher education institutions are beginning to adopt the systematic, holistic approaches to sustainability management characteristic of many companies in the private sector. The literature on sustainability in higher education (SHE) has burgeoned similarly and increased in momentum over the past decade. In fact, almost all of this literature emerged after 1990, 70% of it within only the past 5 years. I have made a serious effort to be as exhaustive as possible in my review of the literature, but new literature related to SHE is emerging at such a rate that total comprehensiveness is virtually impossible. The 204 works included in this bibliography were selected for their potential value to individuals or groups interested in the campus sustainability assessment (CSA) process. As the CSA ultimately involves all aspects and issues of SHE, I have tried to include literature that collectively provides sufficient information (to the extent that the existing literature can) to guide a person through the entire CSA process. The bibliography accordingly includes all works in English concerning campus greening that I identified and consider substantial, a representative selection of works addressing education for sustainability, and select literature from the private sector concerning environmental and sustainability management systems (EMS, SMS) and assessment methodology. Additional information provided includes important organizations, multi-institutional initiatives and campus programs related to sustainability in higher education. Collectively, the information contained and referred to in this document provides a representative overview of sustainability in higher education today. Major themes and Issues I identified several common themes in the literature. The following items were most frequently cited as essential elements of successful campus greening initiatives: Involve staff throughout all stages of a campus greening initiative; Obtain institutional commitment financial support, staff time, information access, public statements of commitment, and policy are all crucial to a long-term strategy; Involve students this can have tremendous educational benefits; and Build positive relationships between stakeholders. CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

The following items were often emphasized in literature that focused on the CSA process: Affirm commitment from top management prior to conducting the CSA; Define the purpose, objectives and scope of the CSA at the outset; Include rationale and implementation strategies with recommended actions; Institutionalize the CSA process data gathering and review must occur at regular intervals to measure and assess progress; and Support the CSA process with sufficient resources and expertise otherwise, a comprehensive (broad-scope) CSA will likely be overwhelming, ineffective, and discouraging. In addition, several concerns were repeatedly raised in the literature, most of them related to deficiencies with information resources. For instance, many authors expressed both a need for literature discussing the practical aspects of carrying out a CSA and a central source for technical, regulatory and practical information related to CSAs and other aspects of sustainability management in higher education. Notes concerning format This document consists of the annotated bibliography, followed by a list of additional resources. The annotated bibliography is arranged alphabetically by author; works with no specified author are in most cases alphabetized by the institution(s) responsible for their publication. Many of these works are available on-line; in such cases hyperlinks have been provided. A list of keywords accompanies each reference (see table, below). Although this bibliography includes works that I feel make valuable contributions to the literature, some, in particular, stand out in terms of interest or utility. A next to a reference indicates these works. Works I found to be exceptionally valuable are indicated with a. Several works identified were unavailable in time to review. Reference information for these works is included in the bibliography, without accompanying annotations. Keywords used assessment assessment tool ACCC benchmarking best practice C 2 E 2 Campus Ecology Program case studies case study climate protection conference proceedings course-based projects curriculum declaration ecological landscaping education for sustainability (EFS) EMAS energy conservation sustainability management sustainability management systems (SMS) financial savings/returns food green building design greening the campus "green" purchasing guide/manual guidelines hazardous substances HE 21 Project HEFCE IISD indicators ISO 14000 office practices regulatory compliance reporting socially responsible investing (SRI) staff involvement student activism survey sustainability in higher education (SHE) sustainable development (SD) thesis project transportation U.S. EPA waste management water management CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 3

Acknowledgements This bibliography serves as part of my undergraduate thesis, which in turn is part of a larger project to review and evaluate the current state of CSA materials the Campus Sustainability Assessment Review Project (CSARP). I owe thanks to several individuals throughout North America and Europe, for assisting me in the literature identification process and for offering suggestions regarding the bibliography: Kelly Bagg, Joe Bagnall, Bob Blondin, Wynn Calder, Kenneth Dahlberg, Harold Glasser, Karyn Kaplan, Ryanne Oppedisano, Oliver Pralle, Anurandha S. Rao, Niko Roorda, John Rushforth, Walter Simpson, Jessica Stine, Jason Tallant, Peter Viebahn, and Julia Walton. 4 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

The Literature A l ab a s t e r, T o n y a nd D e re k B la i r ( 1 9 9 6 ). G R E E N I N G T H E U N I V E R S I T Y. E d uc a t i o n f o r S u st a i n ab i l i t y. J o h n Hu c k l e a n d S t e p he n S t e r l i ng, e ds. L o n d o n : E a r t h s c a n: 8 6-1 0 4. greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS) A l ab a s t e r, T o n y a nd J u li a W al t o n ( 1 9 9 7 ). P R A CT I C I NG W H A T T H E Y T E A CH : UN I V E R S I T I E S, I N D US T R Y A N D E N V IR O N M E N T A L R E P OR T I N G. I n du s t r ia l R e l a t i o n s L aw B u ll e t i n 6 4 : 1 1-1 5. greening the campus, sustainability management, reporting A l i K h a n, S h ir l e y ( 1 9 9 2 ). C O L L E G E S G O I NG G R E E N : A G U I DE T O E N V IR O N M E N T A L A C T IO N I N F U R T H E R E D U CA T I O N C O L L E G E S. L o n d o n: S c o t t i s h F u r t h e r Ed u c a t i o n Un i t. A st r e a m l i n e d d o c u m e n t o f f e r i n g a s s e s sm e n t c h e c k l i s t s a n d i d e a s f o r i m m e di a t e a n d lo n g - t e r m a c t i o n s t o g r e e n a c a m pu s, su p p o r t e d wi t h ex a m p le s f r o m c ol l e g es i n t h e Un i t e d K i n g d o m. greening the campus, assessment, guidelines A l i K h a n, S h ir l e y ( 1 9 9 8 ). P A R T N E R S HI P S FO R S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y : HI G HE R E D U CA T I O N 2 1 - L O C A L A G E ND A 2 1. L o n d o n: F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e. S e v e r a l c a s e s t u d ie s o f l o c a l a u t h o r i t y - hi g h e r e d u ca t i o n p a r t n e r s hi p s in t h e U n i t e d K in g d o m. sustainable development (SD), sustainability in higher education (SHE) A l i K h a n, S h ir l e y ( 1 9 9 9 ). T O W A R D S S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y : A G U I DE F O R C O L L E G E S. L o n d o n: F u rt h e r E d u c at i o n D e v e lo p m e nt A g e n c y ( F E D A ) ( n o w t h e L e a r ni n g an d S ki l l s D e v e lo p m e nt A g e n c y ). A cl e a r a n d co n c i se s e t o f g u i d e li n e s f o r ef f e c t i v e en v i r on m e n t a l m a n a g e m e n t in h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n. D r a w s e xt e n s iv e l y f r o m s e v e r a l F or u m fo r t he F u t u r e HE 2 1 P r o j ec t p u b l i c a t i o n s. greening the campus, sustainability management, assessment, guidelines A l le n, A a r o n S. ( 19 9 9 ). G R E E N I N G T H E C A M PU S : IN S T I T U T IO N A L E N V IR O N M E N T A L C H A NG E A T T U L A N E U N I V E R S I T Y ( t h e s i s). E n vi r o n me n t a l S t u di e s Pr o g r am. Tu l a n e U n i ve r s i t y. <http://www.tulane.edu/~greenclb/thesis> A n u n d e r g r a d u a t e t h e s i s e x a m i n i n g t h e p r o c es s o f i n s t i t u t io n a l e n v i r o n m e nt a l ch a n g e a t Tu l a n e U n iv e r s it y. Sy s t e m a t i c a l l y do c u m en t s ex a m p le s o f e n v ir o n m en t a l c h a n g e a t o t h e r i n s t i t u t io n s, a n d u s es t h es e t o i n f or m a nd s u pp o r t t h e co n c l u d i n g p r o p os a l " B l u e pr i n t f o r a G r e en T u la n e. " greening the campus, case study, thesis project A r c h e r, M i l l y, e t a l. ( 2 0 0 0 ). T H E N E W E N G L A N D L A B OR A T O RI E S P R O J E C T X L : A N E X P E R I M E NT I N L A B OR A T O RY R E G UL A T I ON. U ni v e r si t y o f V e rm o n t. <http://esf.uvm.edu/c2e2/library/xllessons.html> D e sc r i b es a n i n n o v a t i v e p i l ot p r oj e c t e s t a bl i s h ed i n 1 9 9 9 t o h el p c ol l e g es a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s in t h e U n it e d St a t e s a c h ie v e en v i r on m e n t a l p er f o r m a n c e r e s u lt s s u p e r i or t o w h a t t h e y c u r r en t l y a c h i ev e u n de r t he c u r r e n t R C R A r e g u la t o r y s y s t e m. Th e p r o j e c t, p a r t i c i pa t e d i n b y t h r ee N e w E n g la n d u n iv e r s it i e s, i s pa r t of P r oj e c t X L, a f e d er a l in i t i a t i v e a i m e d a t m a k i n g p u b li c h ea l t h a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i on r e g u l a t io n m or e e ff e c t iv e a nd e f fi c i e nt b y a l l o wi n g bu s i n es s e s a n d ot h e r i n st i t u t i o n s t o d ev e l o p n e w w a y s t o m ee t t he A g en c y ' s e n v ir o n m en t a l g o a l s. greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), regulatory compliance, hazardous substances, U.S. EPA, C 2 E 2 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 5

A s so c i a t e d C o l l e g e s o f t h e So u t h ( A C S ) ( 2 0 0 0 ). C A M PU S E N V IR O N M E N T A L S U R V E Y S. A C S. <http://www.colleges.org/~enviro/survey/index.html> A se t o f t h r ee o n - l i n e s u r v ey s i nt e n d ed f o r A C S m e m b er i n st i t u t i o n s, w i t h t h e p u r p os e o f f o s t e r i n g c o ll a b o r a t i v e e f f or t s a m o n g m e m b er i n st i t u t i o n s. S u r v e y s a d d r e ss c a r e e r pl a n n in g a nd p l a c e m e nt, c a m p u s op e r a t i o n s, a n d s t u d en t i nt e r e st i n e n v i r o n m e nt a l m a t t e r s. greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), assessment tool, survey A s so c i a t i o n o f C a na d i a n C o m mu n i t y C o l le g e s ( A C C C ) ( 1 9 9 9-2 0 0 0 ). E N E RG Y E F F IC I E N CY C A S E S T U DI E S. A C C C. <http://www.accc.ca/energyefficiency/best_practices/colleges_institutes.htm> S i x w e l l- d o c u m e n t ed c a se s t u d i e s h i g h li g h t in g s u c c e s sf u l en e r g y e f f ic i e n cy i n it i a t iv e s a t C a na d i a n h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n in s t i t u t i o ns. greening the campus, energy conservation, best practice, ACCC A s so c i a t i o n o f C a na d i a n C o m mu n i t y C o l le g e s ( A C C C ) ( 2 0 0 0 a ). I M P L E M E N T I N G E N E RG Y E F F IC I E N CY I M P RO V E M E N T S. A C C C. <http://www.accc.ca/energyefficiency/actions/implementing.htm> P r ov i d e s e x c el l e n t g u i de l i n es f o r i m p le m e n t i n g a n d f in a n c in g e ne r g y e f f i ci e n c y p r o je c t s a t a h i g h er e d u c a t i on i n st i t u t i o n, a n d di s c u ss e s cr i t i ca l r el a t e d i s s u e s. A v a l u a b l e r e s o u r c e fo r d ev e l o pi n g a n e n er g y a c t i o n p l a n. greening the campus, energy conservation, guide/manual, financial savings/returns, ACCC A s so c i a t i o n o f C a na d i a n C o m mu n i t y C o l le g e s ( A C C C ) ( 2 0 0 0 b ). E N E RG Y I N N OV A T I ON - E M B RA C I N G T H E F U T UR E : A M A N UA L F OR C A N A D I A N C O L L E G E S A N D I N S T I T U T E S. A C C C. <http://www.accc.ca/energyefficiency/actions/implementing.htm> P r ov i d e s r a t io n a l e a n d g u i d el i n e s f o r d e v e lo p i n g a n d i m p l em e n t in g a n e n e r g y e ff i c i en c y pr o g r a m a t a h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n in s t i t u t i o n. A v a l u a bl e r es o u r ce f o r d e v el o p i ng a n e n e r g y a c t i o n pl a n. greening the campus, energy conservation, sustainability management, guide/manual, ACCC Association of Canadian Community Colleges (ACCC) (2001). CO 2 CALCULATOR. ACCC. <http://www.accc.ca/energyefficiency/actions/calculator.htm> greening the campus, climate protection, energy conservation, assessment tool, ACCC A s so c i a t i o n o f C o mm o n w e a l t h U n i v e r s i t ie s ( A C U ) ( 1 9 9 3 ). T H E S W A NS E A D E C L A R A T IO N. I n t e r n a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e f o r S u s t ai n a b le D e ve l o p me n t ( I I S D ). <http://iisd1.iisd.ca/educate/declare.htm> D e cl a r a t i o n u r g i n g m e m be r s of t h e A s s oc i a t io n o f C o m m o n w e a l t h Un i v e r s i t i es ( A C U ) t o p u r su e a c o u r s e of s u st a i n a b l e de v e l op m e n t. S i m i l a r i n l a n g u a g e t o t h e Ha l i f a x D e cl a r a t i o n. sustainability in higher education (SHE), declaration, guidelines B a g n a l l, J o ( 2 0 0 0 a). T H E E C O C A M PU S A W A RD S C H E M E : A G U I DE T O T H E P I L OT P R O GR A M M E. Ne w M il l s, U K : Go i n g f o r Gr e e n. A n i n t r od u c t or y g u i d e t o t h e E c o C a m p u s A w a r d S c he m e, a r e ce n t en v i r on m e n t a l m a n a g e m e n t s y st e m a n d a wa r d sc h e m e d e s ig n e d f o r t h e h ig h e r e d u c a t i o n s e c t or. E co C a m pu s w il l b e p i l ot - t e st e d s o on a t 1 2 i n st i t u t i o n s a n d, i f p r o v e n s u c c es s f u l, m a y b e c om e t he s t a n d a r d E M S f o r hi g h e r e d u ca t i o n i n st i t u t i o n s i n t he U n it e d K i n g d om. greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), best practice 6 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

B a g n a l l, J o ( 2 0 0 0 b). H A N DB O O K F O R T H E E C O C A M PU S A W A RD S C H E M E : R E W A R D I N G P R O GR E S S T O W A R D S E N V IR O N M E N T A L S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y I N T H E F H E S E C T O R S. Ne w M il l s, U K : G o i ng f o r G r e e n. H a nd b o o k f o r p a r t ic i p a nt s i n t h e E c o C a m p u s A w a r d S c h em e, a r e c en t e nv i r o nm e n t a l m a na g e m en t s y st e m a n d a wa r d sc h e m e d e s ig n e d f o r t h e h ig h e r e d u c a t i o n s e c t or. E co C a m pu s w il l b e p i l ot t e st e d s o on a t 1 2 i ns t i t u t i o n s a n d, i f pr o v e n s u c ce s s f u l, m a y b e co m e t h e s t a n d a r d E M S f o r h i g h er e d u c a t i on i n st i t u t i o n s i n t he U n it e d K i n g d om. greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), guide/manual B a lc o m b e, J o na t h a n ( 2 0 0 0 ). T H E U S E O F A N I M A L S IN H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N: PR O BL E M S, A L T E R N A T IV E S, A N D R E C OM M E N DA T I O NS. Wa s h i ng t o n, D. C.: H u ma n e So c i e t y P r e s s. E x a m i n e s t h e e t h i ca l a nd p r a c t i c a l i s su e s co n c e r n i n g t h e u s e o f a n i m a l s fo r e du c a t io n a l p u r p os e s. C l ea r l y w r i t t e n a nd e x t e n s i v e l y do c u m en t e d. education for sustainability (EFS) B a rn e s, P h i l a n d Pa t r i c i a J e r m a n ( 1 9 9 9 ). D E V E L O P I NG A N E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT S Y S T E M F OR A M U L T I P L E - U N I V E R S I T Y C O N SO R T I UM. L u n d U n i v e r s i t y. <http://www.lu.se/green-campus/emsu99/papers/barnes_emsu99.html> D i sc u s s es t h e e s t a b l i s hm e n t o f t he S u st a i n a b l e Un i v e r s i t i es I n it i a t iv e ( SU I ), a c o ns o r t iu m o f t h r ee S o u t h C a r o l i na u n iv e r s it i e s t h a t a i m s t o i nc o r p or a t e s u s t a i n a b il i t y i n t o c u r r ic u l u m, o p er a t i on s, r e se a r c h, a n d c o m m u n i t y l i n k s. D es c r i be s t he i m pl e m e nt a t i on p r oc e s s a n d ch a l l en g e s e n c o u n t e r ed a l on g t he w a y. greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), sustainability management systems (SMS), conference proceedings B l o c h, Pa m, e t a l. ( 1 9 9 3 ). P O L L U T I O N P R E V E N T I ON S T R A T E G I E S F O R C O L L E G E C A M PU S E S : A C A S E S T U DY A T T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F M I C HI G A N. A n n A rb o r : U n i v e r s i t y o f Mi c h i g a n S c h o o l o f N a t u ra l R e s o u r c e s a nd E n vi r o n me n t. greening the campus, guidelines, assessment, case study B l y t h e, J o h n a n d Wy n n C a l d e r ( 1 9 9 9 ). G O I NG G R E E N A T L I V E R P O O L J O H N M O O RE S U N I V E R S I T Y. T h e D e c la r a t io n 3 ( 1 ). Un i v e rs i t y L e a d e r s f o r a Su s t a in a b l e F u t ur e ( UL S F ). <http://www.ulsf.org/pub_declaration_opsvol31.html> D e sc r i b es t h e g r e en i n g o f L iv e r p oo l J oh n M oo r e s U n i v er s i t y, a su s t a in a b i li t y le a d e r i n hi g h e r e d u c a t i on. F oc u s e s p a r t i c u l a r l y on a ca m p u s s u s t a i n a bi l i t y a s s es s m e nt p r oc e s s t h a t c u l m in a t e d i n t h e p u bl i c a t i o n of t h e J M U 1 9 9 7 E n v i r o n m e nt a l R e p o r t. greening the campus, assessment, best practice, case study B o we r s, C. A. ( 1 9 9 9 ). G R E E N I N G T H E U N I V E R S I T Y C U R RI C U L UM. S e c o nd N a t u r e. <http://www.secondnature.org/resource_center/resource_center.html> D i sc u s s es t h e n e e d f o r a n d so m e of t h e i n h er e n t c h a l le n g e s i n g r e e n in g t he f a cu l t y a n d u n i v e r s i t y c u r r i c u lu m c on t e n t. H i g h e r ed u c a t i o n, t h e a u t h o r a r g u e s, is l a r g e l y r e s p on s i b le f o r p e r pe t u a t i n g c u lt u r a l " m y t h s " fu n d a m e n t a l t o ou r e co l o g ic a l cr i s i s. I t t h e r ef o r e b e a r s t h e r e s p on s i b il i t y o f r e- c o nc e p t u a l i z in g t he a s pe c t s o f o u r c u lt u r e m o s t e s s e nt i a l t o m a k i n g a t r a n s i t io n t o m o r e e c o lo g i c a l l y s u st a i n a b l e cu l t u r a l p a t t e r ns. T hi s i s a f or m i d a b l e t a s k, h e a r g u e s, a n d w i l l r e q u ir e a c a l c u l a t e d s t r a t e g y. education for sustainability (EFS), curriculum CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 7

B u rn s, Su s a n ( 1 9 9 9 ). T H E N A T UR A L S T E P: A C O M PA S S FO R E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT S Y S T E M S. C o rp o r a t e E n vi r o n me n t a l S t r at e g y 6 ( 4 ) : 3 2 9-3 4 2. E x pl a i n s t h e f u n d a m e n t a l s o f T h e N a t u r a l St e p ( T N S ), a n i n cr e a s in g l y p o p u la r s u s t a i na b i l it y f r a m e w o r k f o r t h e p r i v a t e s ec t o r f o c u si n g on f o u r b a si c s ys t e m c o n d it i o n s f o r s u s t a i n a b il i t y. P r o v i d e s e x a m p l e s o f su c c e ss w i t h T N S i n t h e p r i v a t e s e c t o r. sustainable development (SD), sustainability management systems (SMS), ISO 14000 B u sh, B ar b a r a L. ( 1 9 9 2 ). M E A SU R I N G P O L L U T I O N P R E V E N T I ON P R O GR E S S : HO W D O W E G E T T H E RE F R OM H E R E? P o ll u t i o n P r e v e n t io n R e v i e w ( A u t u m n) : 4 3 1-4 4 3. D i sc u s s es d i ff e r e nt p o ll u t i on p r ev e n t io n m et r i c s a n d t h e ir a p pr o p r ia t e u s e s. H e l p fu l i n c h o os i n g a p pr o p r ia t e in d i c a t o r s f o r m e a s u r i n g en v i r on m e n t a l p er f o r m a n c e p r o g r e s s. sustainability management, assessment C a ld e r, W y n n ( 1 9 9 8 ). E N E RG Y D E R E G U L A T I O N M E E T S C A M PU S G R E E N I N G A T S U NY B U F FA L O. T h e D e c la r a t io n 2 ( 2 ). Un i v e rs i t y L e a d e r s f o r a Su s t a in a b l e F u t ur e ( UL S F ). <http://www.ulsf.org/pub_declaration_opsvol22.html> D e sc r i b es s e v e r a l c a m p u s g r ee n i n g s u c ce s s e s a t t h e S t a t e Un i v e r s i t y o f N ew Y o r k a t B u f f a l o, f o cu s i n g p a r t i c u l a r l y on e n er g y co n s e r v a t i on a n d t h e c h a l le n g e s o f de r e g u l a t i on. E nd s w it h a l i s t o f g e ne r a l c a m p u s g r ee n i n g s u g g e s t i on s. greening the campus, energy conservation, guidelines, best practice, case study C a mp u s C o n s o rt i u m f o r En v i r o n m e n t a l E xc e l l e n c e ( C 2 E 2 ) ( 2 0 0 0 a). E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT S Y S T E M S E L F- A S S E S S M E NT C H E CK L I S T, VE R SI O N 1. 0. Un i v e rs i t y o f V e r m o n t. <http://esf.uvm.edu/c2e2/ems_assessment/questionaire/cover.html> A n E M S a s s e s sm e n t t o o l d e v e lo p e d s p e c if i c a ll y f or c o ll e g e s a n d u n i v er s i t ie s, co n s i st i n g o f 3 3 q u es t i o ns p e r t a i n in g t o t h e e s s e nt i a l e l e m en t s of a n E M S ( p o l i cy, p la n n i ng, i m p l e m en t a t io n a nd o p er a t i on, c he c k i ng a n d c o r r e c t i v e a c t i o n, a n d m a n a g em e n t r e v i ew ). greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), assessment tool, C 2 E 2 C a mp u s C o n s o rt i u m f o r En v i r o n m e n t a l E xc e l l e n c e ( C 2 E 2 ) ( 2 0 0 0 b). T H E G R E E N B R I DG E V I S IO N. U n i v e r s i t y o f Ve r m o nt. <http://esf.uvm.edu/c2e2/greenbridge/index.html> D i sc u s s es t h e p r o po s e d d e v e lo p m e nt o f a n e xt e n s iv e c a m p u s g r e e ni n g k n o w l ed g e ba s e on t h e I n t e r n e t f o r U. S. a n d C a n a d ia n c ol l e g es a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s t h a t wi l l co o r d in a t e a n d pr o v i de a c ce s s t o i n fo r m a t i o n on a wi d e v a r i e t y o f t o p i cs, i nc l u d in g r eg u l a t o r y r e q u i r e m e n t s, b es t m a n a g e m e n t p r a c t i c es, a nd s u st a i n a b i l i t y e d u c a t i on. A p r o m is i n g a n d im p o r t a n t in i t i a t i v e. greening the campus, sustainability management, C 2 E 2 C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 1 9 9 3 ). E N V IR O N M E N T A L J U S T I C E A N D I N J US T I C E. Vi e n n a, V A : N a t i o n a l W i l dl i f e F e d e ra t i o n. A d dr e s s es t h e p r o bl e m s o f e nv i r o nm e n t a l i n ju s t i ce i n t h e co n t e xt o f h i g h er e d u c a t i on. I nc l u d es s u g g e s t io n s fo r c a m p u s e n v i r o n m e nt a l ju s t i ce p r oj e c t s, r e la t e d a r t i cl e s, i n s t it u t i on a l ca s e st u d i es, a nd a li s t of r e le v a n t r e s ou r c e s. greening the campus, environmental justice, case studies, Campus Ecology Program C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 1 9 9 4 ). C O M PO S T I NG. Vi e n n a, V A : N a t io n a l W i l d li f e Fe d e r at i o n. C o nt a i n s n u m er o u s a r t i cl e s di s c u ss i n g t h e pr i n c ip l e s a n d pr a c t ic e o f c o m po s t i ng, a nd o f fe r s s u g g e s t io n s fo r c om p o s t i n g pr o j e ct s o n c a m pu s. greening the campus, waste management, case studies, Campus Ecology Program 8 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 1 9 9 5 ). F O U R R S R E F US E, R E D UC E, R E U SE, A N D R E C Y C L E. V i e n n a, V A : Na t i o na l W il d l i fe F e de r a t io n. C o nt a i n s g u i de l i n es f o r d e s ig n i n g a n d i m p l em e n t in g c a m p u s w a s t e r e d u c t i o n p r o je c t s, n u m er o u s a r t i c l e s, i n st i t u t i o n a l c a s e s t u di e s, a n d a l i s t o f r e l e v a n t r es o u r ce s a nd c o nt a c t s. greening the campus, waste management, case studies, Campus Ecology Program C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 1 9 9 6 a ). A L T E R N A T IV E A ND S U S T A I N A BL E T R A NS P O R T A T I O N. V i e n n a, V A : Na t i o na l W il d l i fe F e de r a t io n. C o nt a i n s s e v er a l u s e f u l a r t ic l e s, i n s t i t u t io n a l c a s e s t u d ie s, a n d a l i s t o f r el e v a nt r e so u r c es a n d c o nt a c t s. greening the campus, transportation, case studies, Campus Ecology Program C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 1 9 9 6 b ). G R E E N S C A PE S. Vi e n n a, V A : N a t io n a l W i l d li f e Fe d e r at i o n. C o nt a i n s g u i de l i n es f o r e s t a b l i s hi n g a n a t iv e l a n d s c a p i n g p r o j ec t o n c a m pu s, nu m e r ou s a r t i c l es a n d i n st i t u t i o n a l c a s e s t u di e s, a n d a l i s t o f r e l e v a n t r es o u r ce s a nd c o nt a c t s. greening the campus, ecological landscaping, case studies, Campus Ecology Program C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 1 9 9 7 a ). C A M PU S W A T E R S H E D. Vi e n n a, V A : N a t io n a l W i l d li f e F e de r a t io n. C o nt a i n s a l is t o f r e c om m e n de d a ct i o n s, n u m e r o u s a r t ic l e s a n d in s t i t u t i o na l c a s e s t u d i e s, a n d a l is t o f r e co m m e nd e d r e s o u r c e s pe r t a in i n g t o c a m p u s w a t e r s h e d m a n a g e m e n t. greening the campus, water management, case studies, Campus Ecology Program C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 1 9 9 7 b ). S O C IA L L Y R E S PO N S I BL E I N V E S T I N G. Vi e n n a, V A : N a t i o n a l W i l dl i f e F e d e ra t i o n. P r ov i d e s r a t io n a l e a n d g u i d a n c e fo r e v a l u a t i n g a n i n st i t u t i o n ' s i n v es t m e nt p o li c i e s a n d p o r t fo l i o. C o nt a i n s s e v er a l u s e f u l a r t ic l e s, i n s t i t u t io n a l c a s e s t u d ie s, a n d a l i s t o f r el e v a nt r e so u r c es a n d c o nt a c t s. greening the campus, socially responsible investing (SRI), guidelines, case studies, Campus Ecology Program C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 1 9 9 8 ). E C O L O G I C A L B U I L D I N G D E S IG N. Vi e n n a, V A : N a t io n a l W i ld l i f e F e d e r a t i o n. C o nt a i n s s e v er a l u s e f u l a r t ic l e s a n d in s t i t u t i o na l c a s e s t u d i e s p e r t a i n i ng t o e c o l og i c a l b u i ld i n g d e s i g n, p r im a r i ly e n er g y - ef f i c ie n t de s i g n; a n e x c e ll e n t e n e r g y m a na g e m en t g u i d e en t i t le d " R e c i p e f o r a n E f f e c t i ve C a m p u s En e r g y C o n s e r v a ti o n Pr o g r a m " ; a n d a l i s t o f r el e v a nt r e so u r c es a n d c o n t a c t s. greening the campus, green building design, energy conservation, ecological landscaping, case studies, Campus Ecology Program C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 1 9 9 9 a ). B U Y IN G G R E E N T H E E A S Y W A Y. Vi e n n a, V A : N a t io n a l W i ld l i f e F e d e r a t i o n. C o nt a i n s s t e p- b y - st e p g u i d e li n e s f o r co n d u ct i n g a n e nv i r o nm e n t a l a s se s s m en t o f c a m pu s p u r c h a si n g p o li c y a n d p er f o r m a n c e, a n d f o r de v e l op i n g a n d im p l e m e n t i ng a l t e r n a t i v e s. A l s o p r o v i d e s n u m e r o u s r e la t e d a r t i cl e s a n d i ns t i t u t i o n a l c a se s t u d i e s, a n d a l i st o f r e l e v a n t r e s o u r c e s a n d c on t a c t s. greening the campus, "green" purchasing, assessment, guidelines, case studies, Campus Ecology Program C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 1 9 9 9 b ). H E A L T H Y F O O D F O R Y O U A N D T H E P L A NE T. Vi e n n a, V A : N a t i o n a l W i l dl i f e F e d e ra t i o n. C o nt a i n s a n in t r o du c t i on t o i s s u es o f d i e t a n d fo o d pr o d u ct i o n, a s ho r t li s t of g u id e l i ne s f or c a m p u s a c t i o n, n u m e r o u s u s e f u l a r t ic l e s a n d in s t i t u t i o na l c a s e s t u d i e s, a n d a l is t o f r e l ev a n t c o n t a c t s a n d r e so u r c es. greening the campus, food, guidelines, case studies, Campus Ecology Program CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 9

C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 2 0 0 0 ). C A M PU S E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT S Y S T E M S. V i e n n a, V A : Na t i o na l W il d l i fe F e de r a t io n. T h e f i r st p u bl i c a t i o n in t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s t o f oc u s sp e c i fi c a l ly o n e n v i r o n m e nt a l m a n a g em e n t s y s t em s i n h i g h er e d u c a t i on. D is c u s se s i m p o r t a n t e le m e n t s o f a c a m p u s E M S, a n d o ff e r s g u i d el i n e s f o r E M S i m pl e m e nt a t i on. I ss u e s a d d r es s e d i n c l u d e : cu l t i v a t i n g e n v ir o n m en t a l l e a d er s h i p, s e le c t i ng e n v i r o n m e n t a l/ s u s t a i n a bi l i t y p e r fo r m a nc e i nd i c a t o r s, a s s e ss i n g e n v i r o n m e nt a l pe r f o r m a n c e, s e t t i n g a p pr o p r ia t e g o a l s a n d ob j e c t i v e s, a n d i n t e g r a t i ng a n E M S in t o ex i s t in g m a n a g e m e n t fr a m e wo r k. A l s o i n cl u d e s i n t er v i e ws w i t h c a m p u s en v i r on m e n t a l m a n a g e m e n t st a f f, u s e fu l a r t i c l es, p ol i c y e x a m pl e s, a n d a n ex t e n si v e li s t of r e le v a n t r e s ou r c e s a n d c o n t a c t s. greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), guidelines, Campus Ecology Program C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 2 0 0 1). S T A T E O F T H E C A M PU S E N V IR O N M E N T : A N A T IO N A L R E P OR T C A R D O N E N V IR O N M E N T A L P E R FO R M A NC E A ND S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y I N H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N. Na t i o na l W il d l i fe F e de r a t io n. <http://www.nwf.org/campusecology/stateofthecampusenvironment.cfm> Findings of a survey of the state of environmental management in the U.S. higher education sector. Provides a national picture of environmental performance in higher education, identifies "best practice" in environmental management and performance, and suggests context-specific environmental management and performance benchmarks. greening the campus, sustainability management, assessment, best practice, benchmarking, survey, Campus Ecology Program C a na d a O f f i c e o f En e r g y E f f ic i e n c y ( 1 9 9 9 ). E N E RG Y M A N A G E M E NT A C T IO N P L A N T E M PL A T E A N D G U I DE L I N E S C O L L E G E S E C T O R. A s s o c ia t i o n o f C a n a d ia n C o m m u n it y C o ll e g e s ( A C C C ). <http://www.accc.ca/energyefficiency/actions/emap.htm> A n a t t r a c t i v e, e a sy - t o - u s e, s t a n da r d i z e d t e m p l a t e w i t h g u i de l i n es f o r m o n it o r i ng, e v a l u a t i n g a n d i m pr o v i ng e n er g y pe r f o r m a n c e. U s ed b y C a n a di a n in s t i t u t i o ns r e g i s t e r e d i n C a n a d a ' s C l i m a t e C ha n g e V o lu n t a r y C h a l l e n g e a n d R e g is t r y ( V C R, I n c. ) a n d i n s t i t u t io n s en r o l le d i n t h e A C C C E n e r g y E f fi c i e nc y P r o g r a m. greening the campus, sustainability management, energy conservation, guidelines, ACCC C a na d a O f f i c e o f En e r g y E f f ic i e n c y ( 2 0 0 0 ). B E N CH M A R KI N G A N D B E S T P R A CT I C E G U I DE S F O R C O L L E G E F A C IL I T Y M A N A G E R S A N D F I N A N C E O F F IC E R S. A s s o c ia t i o n o f C a n a d ia n C o mm u n i t y C o ll e g e s ( A C C C ). <http://www.accc.ca/energyefficiency/best_practices/colleges_institutes.htm> T w o c o m pa n i o n g u i de s d es i g n ed t o a s s i st C a na d i a n h i g he r e du c a t io n i ns t i t u t i o n s i n ca l c u la t i n g t h e ir e n er g y be n c h m a r k pe r f o r m a n c e a n d c o m p a r i n g t h e i r p e r fo r m a nc e w it h o ne a n ot h e r. P r e se n t s f i nd i n g s o f a p i l ot e n er g y be n c h m a r k i ng s u r v e y of 8 2 C a n a di a n in s t i t u t i o ns t o d e t e r m i n e e n e r g y b e nc h m a r k p e r f o r m a n c e fo r t he s e ct o r. A l s o i n c l u d e s su g g e st i o n s o n pl a n n in g a n e n e r g y m a n a g e m e n t p r og r a m a n d t i p s fo r a ch i e v in g g oo d a nd b e st p r a c t i c e. T h is b e nc h m a r k i n g i n i t ia t i v e h a s i m p o r t a n t i m pl i c a t i o n s f o r a s s e s si n g su s t a in a b i li t y in h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n. greening the campus, energy conservation, climate protection, benchmarking, guidelines, best practice C a na d a ' s C l i ma t e C h a n g e V o l un t a r y C h a ll e n g e a n d R e g i st r y, I n c. ( 1 9 9 8 ). A N A C T IO N P L A N F O R R E D UC I N G G R E E N H O U SE G A S E M I SS I O N S. VC R, In c. <http://www.vcr-mvr.ca/registry\out\c1029-1998-pln.pdf> A st a n d a r d i z ed t e m p l a t e f o r m o n i t o r i n g, e v a l u a t in g a nd r e du c i n g g r e en h o u se g a s e m i ss i o n s. U s ed b y C a na d i a n i n s t i t u t io n s r e g i s t e r e d i n C a n a d a ' s C l im a t e C h a n g e V o lu n t a r y C h a l l e n g e a n d R e g is t r y ( V C R, I n c. ), in s u pp l e m en t t o t h e O f f i ce o f E n e r g y E f fi c i e nc y s E n e r g y M a na g e m en t A ct i o n P l a n. greening the campus, climate protection, energy conservation, reporting, assessment tool 10 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

C a rl s o n, A n d re a ( 19 9 2 ). T H E N I R S E N E RG Y A U D IT M A N UA L : HO W T O A U D IT C A M PU S, C I T Y A N D O T H E R B U I L D I N G S. W as h i n g t o n, D. C. : N u c le a r In f o r ma t i o n a n d R e s o ur c e Se r v i c e ( N IR S ). A cl e a r, c o m pr e h e ns i v e, s t e p- b y - st e p g u i d e t o a ss e s s in g e ne r g y p e r f or m a n ce o f c a m p u s b u il d i n g e n er g y sy s t e m s. I nc l u d es a s se s s m en t c he c k l is t s a n d d et a i l ed w o r k s h e et s c ov e r i ng a l l a s p ec t s of a b u il d i n g e n e r g y s ys t e m, d e s ig n e d t o e a s i ly e s t i m a t e t h e c o s t s a n d s a v i ng s o f s u g g e s t e d r e co m m e nd a t i on s. greening the campus, energy conservation, assessment, guide/manual C a rr e l l, S u z an n e El i z a be t h ( 1 9 9 5 ). T U R NI N G D A T A I N T O I N F OR M A T IO N : IM P RO V I N G T H E A C C UR A C Y A N D E F F IC I E N CY O F W A S T E A U D IT D A T A ( ma s t e r s t he s i s ). E n vi r o n me n t a l S t ud i e s P r o g ra m. Wa t e r lo o, C a n a d a: U n iv e r s it y o f W a t e r l o o. A m a s t e r ' s t he s i s o n i m p r o v in g s ol i d wa s t e a s s e ss m e n t m e t ho d o l og y. D r a w s e x t e ns i v e ly f r om e n v i r o n m e n t a l a u d it i n g a n d wa s t e a u d i t i n g li t e r a t u r e f r o m t h e pr i v a t e s e ct o r, a n d u s e s ob s e r v a t i o ns f r om t h e l i t er a t u r e t o s y s t em a t i ca l l y a n a l yz e a nd i m pr o v e a n e a r l i e r w a s t e a u di t i n g m o d el f o r t h e U n iv e r s it y o f W a t er l o o. greening the campus, assessment, waste management, thesis project C h e r n u s he n k o, D a v id ( 1 9 9 6 ). G R E E N I N G C A M PU S E S : EN V IR O N M E N T A L C I T IZ E N S HI P F OR C O L L E G E S A N D U N I V E R S I T I E S. O t t a w a, C a na d a : A s s o c i a t i o n o f C a n a di a n C o m m u ni t y C o ll e g e s ( A C C C ). A we l l - or g a n iz e d, c o m p r e h e n si v e pr i m e r o n g r e e n in g t he c a m p u s, d r a w in g f r o m e xp e r i en c e s a t h ig h e r e d u c a t i on i n st i t u t i o n s t h r o u g h o u t C a n a d a a nd t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s. D i s cu s s i on o f e a c h s u s t a i n a b il i t y c a t e g o r y c o v er e d in c l u de s a n i n t r o d u c t i o n t o t h e k e y i s s u es, a l i s t o f c om m o n o b s t a c l e s a n d t h e i r s o lu t i o ns, c a m p u s g r e e ni n g op p o r t u n i t ie s a nd b e ne f i t s, e x a m p l e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s, a li s t of r e le v a n t r e so u r c es, a nd a ca s e st u d y o f s u c c e s s. A p pe n d i ce s i nc l u d e e x a m p l e de c l a r a t i o ns a n d p o l ic i e s, a p r im e r on c a m p u s en v i r on m e n t a l i ss u e s, a n d a l i st o f c o n t a c t s a n d I nt e r n et r e so u r c es. A v a i l a bl e i n 3. 5 d i sk e t t e f o r m a t f r o m t he I n t e r n a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e f o r S u s t a i n a b le D e v e l o p m e n t ( I I S D ). greening the campus, guide/manual, assessment, ACCC C l ar k, C h a r l e s C. ( 2 0 0 0 ). C A M PU S E S M O V E T O W A R D S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y. P r io r i t ie s 1 4 ( S p r in g ). A n e x c e ll e n t i n t r od u c t io n t o t h e c a m p u s s u st a i n a b i l i t y m o v e m e n t w r i t t e n fo r t r u s t e es a n d c h i ef e x ec u t i v e s. Su m m a r i z e s t h e hi s t o r y a n d a i m s o f t h e c a m p u s s u s t a i n a b il i t y m o v e m e n t a n d d is c u s se s t h e m a n y b e n ef i t s o f i ns t i t u t i o n a l c o m m i t m en t t o s u s t a i n a bi l i t y s t e wa r d s hi p. A l s o a d d r e ss e s se v e r a l c o m m o n co n c e r n s a bo u t su s t a in a b l e d e v el o p m en t i n h i g he r e du c a t io n, a n d s u g g e s t s s e v e r a l a c t i on s t r u s t e e s a n d o t h e r s e n io r a dm i n i st r a t or s c a n t a k e t o u s e t h e i r s t r a t e g i c p o s i t i o n s t o f u r t h e r s u s t a i n a bl e d e v e l o p m e n t a t t h ei r o wn i n st i t u t i o n s. greening the campus, sustainability in higher education (SHE), financial savings/returns C l e a n A ir - C o o l Pl a n e t ( 2 0 0 1 ). C L E A N A I R - C O O L P L A NE T C A S E S T U DI E S. <http://www.cleanair-coolplanet.org/solutions-education.htm> F o u r c a se s t u d i e s d o c u m e n t i ng c l im a t e p r o t ec t i o n m e a su r e s t a k e n b y HE I s. greening the campus, climate protection, energy conservation, case studies C l ug s t o n, R i c h a r d a n d Wy n n C a l d e r ( 1 9 9 9 ). C R I T I C A L D I M E N S I O NS O F S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y I N H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N. S u st a i n ab i l i t y a n d U n i ve r s i t y L i fe : En v i r o n m e n t a l E du c a t io n, C o mm u n i c a t i o n a n d S u s t ai n a b il i t y. Wa l t e r L e a l F i l ho, e d. B e rl i n : P e t e r L a n g : 3 1-4 6. sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus, case studies, ULSF CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 11

C o ll e g e a n d Un i v e rs i t y R e c y c l i n g C o u n c i l ( C U R C ) ( 2 0 0 0 ). R E P OR T I N G S T A ND A R D S P R O J E C T. B r o w n U ni v e r si t y. <http://www.brown.edu/departments/brown_is_green/curc> R e po r t i ng t e m p l a t es i n t e n d e d t o st a n d a r d i z e r e p or t i n g o f r e c y c le d m a t e r i a l s d a t a i n t h e U. S. a n d C a na d i a n h i g he r e du c a t io n s ec t o r s. greening the campus, waste management, reporting C O PE R N I C U S ( 19 9 7 ). U N I V E R S I T Y C H A RT E R FO R S U S T A I N A BL E D E V E L O P M E N T. C O PE R N I C U S. <http://www.copernicus-campus.org/sites/charter_index1.html> D e cl a r a t i o n of t h e A s s oc i a t io n o f E u r op e a n U n i v er s i t ie s ( C R E ), u r g i ng h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n t o s u bs c r i be t o a n d im p l e m e n t 1 0 p r in c i p le s o f a c t io n. Th e d ec l a r a t i o n h a d 2 8 6 E u r o p e a n s i g n a t o r i e s a s o f J u n e 2 0 0 1. sustainability in higher education (SHE), declaration, guidelines C o rn e l l W o r k a n d En v i r o n m e n t I n i t i a t i ve ( W EI ) ( y e a r un k n o wn ). W O R KP L A C E E C O - A U D IT I N G. C o r n e l l U ni v e r si t y. <http://www.cfe.cornell.edu/wei/ecoaudit%20generic2.htm> E x pl a i n s a n a s s e s sm e n t p r o c es s d es i g n ed t o e n g a g e e m pl o y e es d i r e c t l y i n a c o m pr e h e ns i v e e v a l u a t i o n o f a n o r g a n i z a t i o n' s s u s t a i na b i l it y p er f o r m a n c e, b r i ng i n g t o g e t h e r is s u e s o f t h e e nv i r o nm e n t, w o r k p l a ce h e a l t h, a n d wo r k e r p r o du c t i v i t y. T h e ef f e c t i v e n es s o f t h i s s u s t a i n a bi l i t y p e r fo r m a nc e m a na g e m en t f r a m e w or k h a s b e en d e m o n s t r a t e d i n t he p r iv a t e s e c t or, a nd m a y p r o v e u s ef u l in a n a c a d e m i c s e t t i n g a s w e ll. I nc l u d es g u id e l i ne s f or e s t a b l i sh i n g a w o r k p l a ce e c o- a u d it i n g p r o g r a m. assessment, staff involvement, guidelines C o rt e s e, A n t ho n y D. ( 1 9 9 9 ). E D U CA T I O N F O R S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y : TH E U N I V E R S I T Y A S A M O D E L O F S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y. S e c o nd N a t u r e. <http://www.secondnature.org/about/about_president_online.html> A le a d e r i n t h e s u s t a i na b i l it y i n h i g he r e du c a t io n m ov e m e nt s u m m a r i z e s h is v i ew s r eg a r d in g h ig h e r e d u c a t i on s r o l e in m o v i n g so c i e t y t o wa r d su s t a in a b i li t y. O u t l in e s t h e e ss e n t ia l e le m e n t s o f e d u c a t i o n f o r s u s t a i n a bi l i t y ( E F S), a nd s t r e s s e s t h e p e d a g o g i c a l a n d s t r a t e g i c s i g ni f i c a n c e of g r ee n i n g a n i n st i t u t i o n s p r a ct i c e s. education for sustainability (EFS), sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus C r e i g h t o n, S ar a h Ha m m o nd ( 1 9 9 6 ). U S I NG S T U DE N T P R O J E C T S T O G R E E N T HE U N I V E R S I T Y. G r e e n i n g o f t h e C am p u s. R o be r t J. K o e s t e r, e d. M u nc i e, I N : B a l l St a t e U n iv e r s it y : 4 3-4 8. A u t h o r of G r e e n i n g t h e I v o r y T o w e r d r a w s f r o m h er e x pe r i e nc e s a t T u ft s U ni v e r si t y t o s u b s t a nt i a t e s e v e r a l f a c t or s t ha t i nf l u e nc e t he s u cc e s s o f c ou r s e - b a s e d c a m pu s g r e e n i ng p r oj e c t s. greening the campus, course-based projects, assessment, staff involvement, conference proceedings C r e i g h t o n, S ar a h Ha m m o nd ( 1 9 9 8 ). G R E E N I N G T H E I V O RY T O W E R : IM P RO V I N G T H E E N V IR O N M E N T A L T R A CK R E C OR D O F U N I V E R S I T I E S, C O L L E G E S, A N D O T H E R I N S T I T U T IO N S. C a m b r id g e, M A : MI T P re s s. A co m p r eh e n s iv e g u i d e t o g r ee n i n g t h e c a m p u s, r ev e a l in g a m a t u r e u n de r s t a n d i n g o f t h e p ol i t i ca l a nd e c on o m i c r e a li t i e s o f a n i n st i t u t i o n. G e n e r a l d is c u s si o n of c a m p u s g r e e n in g a dd r e s se s h ow a n i n st i t u t i o n wo r k s, c o m m o n b a r r i e r s t o e n v i r o n m e nt a l pr o g r es s, el e m e nt s o f s u c ce s s f u l e n v i r o n m e n t a l a c t i o n, a n d g a t h e r i n g a p p r o pr i a t e d a t a f o r a s s e ss m e n t. I n di v i d u a l c ha p t e r s e x pl o r e s p e c if i c is s u e s i n d e t a i l. E x c e ll e n t g e n e r a l a nd i s su e - s pe c i f ic i n fo r m a t i o n r e l a t ed t o t h e ca m p u s s u s t a i n a bi l i t y a s se s s m en t p r o c e s s a p p ea r s t h r o u g h o u t t h e bo o k. greening the campus, sustainability management, assessment, guide/manual 12 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

C r e i g h t o n, S ar a h Ha m m o nd a n d A n t ho n y D. C o rt e s e ( 1 9 9 2 ). E N V IR O N M E N T A L L I T E R A C Y A N D A C T IO N A T T U F T S U N I V E R S I T Y. T h e C a m pu s a nd E n vi r o n me n t a l R e s po n s i bi l i t y. Da v i d J. E a g a n a n d D a v i d W. O r r, e d s. Ne w D ir e c t io n s in H i g h e r Ed u c a t i o n, n o. 7 7. S an F r an c i s c o : J o ss e y - B a s s Pu b l i sh e r s : 1 9-3 0. D e sc r i b es t h e g o a ls a n d a p p r o a c h es t o g r e e ni n g t h e u ni v e r si t y t a k e n b y t wo t r a i l b l a z i n g p r o g r a m s a t T u ft s U ni v e r si t y t h e T u f t s E n v i r on m e n t a l L it e r a cy I n st i t u t e ( T E L I ) a n d T u f t s C L E A N! ( C oo p e r a t i o n, L e a r n i n g, a n d E n v i r o n m e nt a l A w a r e ne s s N o w! ). A d d r e s s e s t h e c h a ll e n g es e n co u n t er e d i n c o n d u c t i n g a c a m p u s s u s t a i n a b il i t y a s s e ss m e n t, a n d t h e T u f t s C L E A N! t ea m ' s n o t e wo r t h y r e sp o n s e t o t h e s e c h a l le n g e s. greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), assessment, case study D a hl e, Ma r i a nn e a nd E r ic N e um a y e r ( 2 0 0 1 ). O V E RC O M I NG B A R RI E R S T O C A M PU S G R E E N I N G : A S U R V E Y A M O NG H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N I N S T I T U T IO N S IN L O N DO N, UK. I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u rn a l o f S u st a i n ab i l i t y i n H i g h e r E d uc a t i o n 2 ( 1 ) : 13 9-1 6 0. greening the campus, energy conservation, waste reduction, survey D a ut r e m o n t - S mi t h, J u l i an ( 2 0 0 1 ). C O L L E G E C A R BO N F O O T P R I N T S : A R E V IE W O F T H E L I T E R A T U RE A N D I T S I M P L I C A T IO N S FO R A L E W IS & C L A RK C A R BO N I N V E N T O R Y. P r e s e n t e d a t : W e s t C o a st R e g i o n a l R e t re a t, J u l y 2 0-2 2, 2 0 0 1, h o s t e d b y S e c o n d N a t u re. greening the campus, climate protection, assessment, conference proceedings D a ve y, El i z a be t h, e t a l. ( 2 0 0 1 ). C O N NE C T I NG C A M PU S L I F E T O G L O BA L C L I M A T E C H A NG E. G r e e n i n g o f t h e C am p u s I V : Mo v i n g t o t h e M ai n s t re a m. R o be r t J. K o e s t e r, e d. M u nc i e, I N : B a ll S t at e U ni v e r si t y : 1 6 8-17 2. greening the campus, climate protection, assessment, case study, conference proceedings D a wr a n t, J o n at h a n ( 1 9 9 7 ). Q P IR G M C G I L L ' S G U I DE T O O R G A N I Z I NG A N D C A R RY I N G O U T A W A S T E A U D IT A T A N E D U CA T I O NA L I N S T I T U T IO N. Si e r r a Y o u t h C o al i t i o n. <http://www.sierrayouthcoalition.org/en_ca/suscamp/inititiatives/guideto1.htm> A st e p - by - s t ep g u id e t o p e r fo r m i ng a la r g e - s c a l e s o l id w a st e s t r e a m a n a l ys i s, i n c l u d i n g g u i d el i n e s f o r f i na n c i ng, p u b l i c it y, r e c r u it m e n t, c o nd u c t in g t he a n a l y s i s, a n d r e p or t i n g t h e f i n d in g s. greening the campus, waste management, assessment, guide/manual DECLARATION OF THESSALONIKI (1997). United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). <http://www.unesco.org/iau/fre/tfsd_thessaloniki.html> sustainability in higher education (SHE), declaration, guidelines D e la k o w it z, B e r n d a n d A n k e Ho f f m an n ( 19 9 9 ). T H E H O C HS C H U L E Z I T T A U / G Ö R L I T Z : G E R M A N Y ' S F I R ST R E G IS T E R E D E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT S Y S T E M ( E MA S ) A T U N I V E R S I T Y L E V E L. L u nd U n iv e r s it y. <http://www.lu.se/green-campus/emsu99/papers/delakowitz_emsu99.html> C a se s t u d y o f t h e f i r s t G e r m a n h ig h e r e d u c a t i o n i n s t it u t i on t o c o m p le t e t h e f u l l c yc l e of E M S r e q u i r e m e n t s s p e c if i e d i n t he E u r o p e a n C o m m i s s i on ' s E c o - M a n a g e m e n t a n d A u d i t Sc h e m e ( E M A S ). greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), case study, conference proceedings E a g a n, Da v i d J. ( 19 9 2 ). C A M PU S E N V IR O N M E N T A L S T E WA R D S HI P. T h e C a m pu s a nd E n vi r o n me n t a l R e s po n s i bi l i t y. Da v i d J. E ag a n an d D av i d W. O r r, e d s. N e w D i r e c t i o ns i n H i g h e r Ed u c a t i o n, n o. 7 7. S an F r an c i s c o : J o s s e y - B a s s P u b l is h e r s: 6 5-7 6. A n e a r l y a r t ic l e a d v o c a t i n g t h e u s e o f c o u r s e - b a s e d st u d e nt p r oj e c t s t o g r e e n t h e ca m p u s. D r a w s f r om e x pe r i e nc e s wi t h t h e C a m p u s E n v i r o n m e nt a l St e w a r d s h i p I n i t i a t i v e, a c o u r se - b a se d c a m p u s g r ee n i n g p r o g r a m a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f W i s c on s i n a t M a d i s o n. greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), course-based projects, assessment, case study CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 13

E a g a n, Da v i d J., e t a l. ( 1 9 9 6 ). W O R KI N G ON S M A L L W I N S: IN V OL V I N G S T U DE N T S A N D S T A FF I N C O L L A B O R A T I V E, C A M PU S - F O C US E D E N V IR O N M E N T A L R E S E A R C H A N D A C T IO N. G r e e n i n g o f t h e C am p u s. R o be r t J. K o e s t e r, e d. M u nc i e, I N : B a l l St a t e U n i v e r s i t y : 4 9-5 6. D r a w i n g f r o m e x p e r i e n c es w i t h c o u r s e - ba s e d c a m p u s g r ee n i n g p r o je c t s a t t he U n iv e r s it y o f W i sc o n s in a t M a d i so n, t h e a u t h o r s e x p la i n ho w t he p u r s u i t o f s m a l l wi n s ca n b e a p ow e r f u l l e a r n i n g e x pe r i e nc e f or e v er y o n e i n v ol v e d. U n i q u e a m o n g si m i l a r l i t e r a t u r e i n t h a t m u c h o f t h e m a t e r i a l c o m e s d ir e c t ly f r om s t u d e n t s t h e m s e l v es. greening the campus, course-based projects, assessment, staff involvement, case study, conference proceedings E a g a n, Da v i d J. a nd D a vi d W. O r r, e d s. ( 1 9 9 2 ). T H E C A M PU S A ND E N V IR O N M E N T A L R E S PO N S I BI L I T Y. Ne w D ir e c t io n s in H i g h e r Ed u c a t i o n, n o. 7 7. S an F r an c i s c o : J o s s e y - B a s s P u bl i s h e r s. A co l l e ct i o n o f a r t i c l es c o v e r i n g a v a r i e t y o f t o p i c s o n ca m p u s g r e en i n g a n d ot h e r a s p e ct s o f s u st a i n a b i l i t y i n h i g h er e d u c a t i on, u su a l l y d i s cu s s e d i n t h e c on t e x t o f a n i n st i t u t i o n a l c a s e s t u dy. greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), best practice, case studies E a g a n, Da v i d J. a nd J u li a n K e n i r y ( 1 9 9 8 ). G R E E N I N V E S T M E NT, GR E E N R E T UR N : HO W P R A CT I C A L C O N SE R V A T I O N P R O J E C T S S A V E M I L L I O N S O N A M E RI C A ' S C A M PU S E S. Vi e n n a, V A : N a t io n a l W i l d li f e Fe d e r at i o n. D o cu m e n t s t h e f i n a n c i a l b e n ef i t s o f c a m p u s g r e e ni n g pr o j e ct s a t h i g he r e du c a t io n i ns t i t u t i o n s a c r os s t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s. greening the campus, financial savings/returns, best practice, case studies, Campus Ecology Program E d g e r l y - R o o k s, J a ni c e an d A my S h ac h t e r ( 1 9 9 7 ). C O U RS E - B A S E D C A M PU S E N V IR O N M E N T A L A S S E S S M E NT P R O J E C T S. G r e e n i n g o f t h e C am p u s I I : Th e N e x t S t e p. R o be r t J. K o e s t e r, e d. M u nc i e, I N : B a l l St a t e U n i v e r s i t y : 8 5-8 8. P r of e s s or s a t S a n t a C l a r a U ni v e r si t y sh a r e t h e i r o b s er v a t io n s fr o m di r e c t i n g co u r s e- b a s ed c a m p u s g r ee n i n g p r o je c t s. T h e a u t h or s c on c l u de t h a t s u ch e x pe r i e nc e s ca n b e h i g hl y r ew a r d in g f or s t u d e n t s a n d, g i v e n p r o p e r a t t e nt i o n t o b u i l d i ng r e sp e c t a n d t r u s t b e t w ee n s t a f f, a d m i ni s t r a t i o n a n d ca m p u s s u st a i n a b i l i t y l e a d e r s, h a v e s i g ni f i c a n t c a m p u s g r e e ni n g po t e n t i a l. greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), course-based projects, assessment, case study,, conference proceedings E i ns t e i n, D a ni e l Fi l i p p ( 1 9 9 5 ). T H E C A M PU S E C O L O G Y R E S E A R C H P R O J E C T : A N E N V IR O N M E N T A L E D U CA T I O N C A S E S T U DY ( ma s t e r s t he s i s ). I n st i t u t e f o r E n v ir o n m e n t a l S t ud i e s. Ma d i s o n : U ni v e r si t y o f W i sc o n s in - M a di s o n. <http://www.fpm.wisc.edu/campusecology/cerp/thesis/contents.htm> A m a s t e r ' s t he s i s d o c u m e n t i ng i n d e t a il t h e p l a nn i n g, i m p le m e n t a t i o n a n d e v a l u a t i o n o f a n i n no v a t iv e u n de r g r a d u a t e e n v ir o n m en t a l e d u c a t i o n t e a c hi n g m o d e l f o c u si n g on c a m p u s g r e e n in g p r o j e c t s, h el d a t t h e Un i v e r s i t y o f W is c o n si n a t M a d is o n. greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), course-based projects, assessment, case study, thesis project E n g e l J r., W il l i a m T. ( 1 9 9 9 ). E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT S Y S T E M ( E MS ) A N D P E TE G R E E N C A M PU S I N I T I A T I V E. Un i v e rs i t y o f F lo r i d a T R E EO C e nt e r. <http://www.treeo.ufl.edu/environment/presentation/index.htm> S l id e p r e s e n t a t i o n d i s cu s s i ng e n v i r o n m e n t a l m a n a g e m e nt s y st e m s a n d t h e i r r o l e i n h ig h e r e d u c a t i o n a n d t h e U n i v er s i t y o f F l o r i da i n p a r t ic u l a r. greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), conference proceedings 14 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

E n vi r o n me n t C a n a d a ( 2 0 0 0 ). W O R KI N G Y O U R W A Y T O A G R E E N O F F IC E : A G U I DE T O C R E A T I N G A N E N V IR O N M E N T A L L Y F R I E N D L Y O F F IC E. E n vi r o n me n t C a n a d a. <http://www.ns.ec.gc.ca/udo/office/office.html> A co m p r eh e n s iv e g u i d e t o g r ee n i n g a n of f i c e. A d dr e s s es p a pe r u se, s u p p l i es a n d e q u ip m e n t, f o od, e n er g y a n d w a t e r co n s e r v a t i on, t r a n s p or t a t io n, pu r c h a s i n g, a n d m a n a g e m e n t. greening the campus, office practices, assessment, guide/manual E S S E X R E P OR T : WO R KS H O P O N T HE P R I NC I P L E S O F S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y I N H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N ( 19 9 5 ). S e c o n d N at u r e. <http://www.secondnature.org/programs/starfish/biblio.nsf/www/vbsnpub> D o cu m e n t r e s u l t i n g f r o m a w or k s h op t h a t b r ou g h t t o g e t h e r 3 2 e d u c a t o r s a n d o t h er p r of e s s io n a l s f r om a c r o s s t h e U ni t e d S t a t es t o d i s c u s s t he p r in c i p le s o f s u s t a i n a bi l i t y, a n d h o w t o b es t i nc o r p or a t e t h em i n t o h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n. D i s c u s s e s t h e r o l e of h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n in a c hi e v i ng a su s t a in a b l e s o c ie t y, e d u c a t i on f o r s u s t a i n a bi l i t y ( E F S) c o nt e n t, t h e i n s t it u t i on a l ch a n g es n e ce s s a r y t o s u p p or t E F S, a nd s t r a t e g ie s f or i m pl e m e nt i n g t h e s e c h a ng e s. R e p o r t r e co m m e nd a t i on s b u i l d on t w o e a r li e r do c u m en t s, t h e T a l lo i r e s D e c la r a t io n a nd t h e B l u ep r i n t f o r a G r ee n C a m p u s, a n d w e r e p r e s en t e d t o t he U. S. P r es i d e nt ' s C o u n c il f o r S u s t a i n a bl e D ev e l o pm e n t. sustainability in higher education (SHE), education for sustainability (EFS), greening the campus, guidelines, conference proceedings F e rg u s o n, D a ve ( 2 0 0 0 ). D E M ON S T R A T I N G S T EL L A SO F T W A R E M O D E L I N G A S A B A S IS F O R C A M PU S E C O L O G I C A L F O O T P R I N T I N G ( un p u b li s h e d r e p o r t ). M u n c ie, I N: B a ll S t at e U n iv e r s it y. greening the campus, assessment F i lh o, Wa l t e r L e a l, e d. ( 1 9 9 9 ). S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y A N D U N I V E R S I T Y L I F E. En v i r o n m e n t a l E d uc a t i o n, C o m m u n ic a t i o n a n d S u s t a i n a bi l i t y S e r ie s. Ne w Y o r k : Pe t e r L a n g S c i e nt i f i c P u bl i s h e r s. A co l l e ct i o n o f c r it i c a l e s s a y s a nd c a se s t u d i e s f r o m N o r t h A m e r i c a n, E u r op e a n a n d A f r i c a n u n iv e r s it i e s a d d r es s i n g i s s u e s o f s u s t a i n a bi l i t y i n hi g h e r e d u ca t i o n. sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus, sustainability management, case studies Finlay, Jennifer, Rick Bunch and Brian Neubert (1998). G R E Y P I N ST R I P E S W I T H G R E E N T I E S: M B A P R O GR A M S W H E RE T H E E N V IR O N M E N T M A T T E R S. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute (WRI). education for sustainability (EFS), assessment, report, survey F i nl a y, J e n n if e r, R i c k B u n c h a n d K a v i t a P r ak a s h - M a n i ( 2 0 0 0 ). B E Y ON D G R E Y P I N ST R I P E S : P R E PA R I N G M B A S FO R S O C IA L A ND E N V IR O N M E N T A L S T E WA R D S HI P. Wa s h i ng t o n, D. C.: W o rl d R e s o u r c e s I ns t i t ut e ( WR I ). education for sustainability (EFS), assessment, report, survey F l in t, K a t e ( 2 0 0 1 ). I N S T I T U T IO N A L E C O L O G I C A L F O O T P R I N T A N A L Y S I S : A C A S E S T U DY O F T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W CA S T L E, A U S T R A L I A. I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u rn a l o f S u st a i n ab i l i t y i n H i g h e r Ed u c a t i o n 2 ( 1 ) : 4 8-6 2. greening the campus, assessment, case study CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 15

F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e ( 19 9 8 ). E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT S Y S T E M S G U I DE. L o n d o n: F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e. A sy s t e m a t i c g u i d e t o es t a b li s h i ng a n d i m p le m e n t i n g a n e n v i r o n m e n t a l m a n a g e m e nt s y st e m a t a c o ll e g e o r u ni v e r si t y. M a k e s a c a s e f or e s t a b l i sh i n g a n E M S ; o u t l i n es t h ei r h is t o r y a n d d e v e lo p m e nt t h r o u g h ou t t he p u bl i c a n d p r i v a t e s e c t o r s ; a n d di s c u ss e s 1 5 e s se n t i a l s t ep s f or i m pl e m e nt i n g a n E M S, i n cl u d i ng g u id e l i ne s f or p l a n n i n g, p r ep a r i ng, a nd i m pl e m e nt i n g a c a m p u s su s t a in a b i li t y a s s e s sm e n t. D r a w s s u b s t a nt i a l ly f r om I S O 1 4 0 0 1 a n d E M A S s t a nd a r d s. greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), guide/manual, ISO 14000, EMAS, HE 21 Project F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e ( 19 9 8-9 9 a ). B E S T P R A CT I C E B U L L E T I N S. L o n d o n: F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e. A se r i e s o f ei g h t i s s u e- s p e ci f i c b u l l et i n s h i g h li g h t in g b es t p r a c t i ce s i n c o l le g e s a n d u n i v e r s i t i es i n t h e U n it e d K i n g d om. E a c h b u l l e t in d i sc u s s es a n i s s u e a n d o f f e r s a ch e c k li s t of b e st p r a c t i c e i d e a s w i t h s u pp o r t in g i ns t i t u t i o n a l e x a m p l e s. ( B u l l e t in s : Bi o d i v e r s i t y, S u s t a i na b i l it y C om m u n ic a t i on s, C o m m u n i t y L e a r n i n g, R e so u r c e E f f ic i e n cy, P u r c h a si n g, W a s t e, T r a n s p o r t, S t u d e n t s ) greening the campus, best practice, case studies, HE 21 Project F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e ( 19 9 8-9 9 b ). T R A IL B L A Z E R S T O RI E S. L o n d o n: F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e. S i x e x c el l e n t c a s e s t u di e s hi g h l ig h t i ng b e st p r a c t i c es i n s u s t a i n a b le d e v e l o p m e n t a m o n g c o l l eg e s a n d u n iv e r s it i e s i n t he U n it e d K i n g d om. ( I n s t i t u t i o ns f e a t u r e d: C h el t e n ha m a nd G l ou c e s t e r C ol l e g e o f H i g h e r E d u c a t i o n, S u r r ey I n st i t u t e o f A r t a n d D es i g n, U n i v e r s i t y o f N o r t h L o n do n, Un i v e r s i t y o f E d in b u r g h, U ni v e r si t y of S u nd e r l a n d, a n d L iv e r p oo l J oh n M oo r e s U n i v er s i t y) greening the campus, sustainability in higher education (SHE), best practice, case studies, HE 21 Project F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e ( 19 9 9 ). H E 2 1 S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y I N D IC A T O RS M E N U. L o n d o n: F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e. A se t o f s u s t a i n a bi l i t y i n d ic a t o r s f o r c o l le g e s a n d u n i v e r s i t i es i n t h e Un i t e d K i n g d o m, d e v e lo p e d t h r o u g h a n e xt e n s iv e c on s u l t a t i o n p r o ce s s in v o l v i n g a w i d e r a n g e o f s t a k eh o l d er s f r o m 2 5 i n st i t u t i o n s. C o n si s t s o f 1 9 " h e a d l i n e" i n di c a t or s g en e r a l i n d ic a t o r s i n t e n d e d f o r s e n i or m a na g e m en t a nd 4 0, m o r e s p e ci f i c " o p e r a t i o na l " in d i c a t o r s i n t e nd e d fo r o pe r a t io n s st a f f. T h e h e a d l i n e i n d ic a t o r s m e nu a p pe a r s w i t h s e v e r a l m od i f i ca t i o ns i n A l i K h a n, 1 9 9 9. sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus, assessment, indicators, HE 21 Project F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e a nd S u st a i n ab l e De v e l o p m e n t E d u c a t i o n P a n e l ( 1 9 9 8 ). C U R RI C U L UM A U D IT S. L o n d o n: F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e. F o u r d o cu m e n t s r e po r t i ng t h e f i n di n g s o f a n a t i on a l su r v e y o f su s t a in a b i li t y cu r r i cu l u m i n e n g i n e e r i n g, d e s i g n, b u s i n e ss a n d t e a ch e r ed u c a t i o n pr o g r a m s a t c o l le g e s a n d u n i v e r s i t i es i n t h e U n it e d K i n g d om. S u r v e y f i n d in g s le d t o t h e d e v e lo p m e nt o f c o r e s u s t a i n a b il i t y l e a r ni n g sp e c i fi c a t io n s f o r t h e s a m e f o u r a r e a s. Q u es t i o nn a i r e f o r m s i n cl u d e d a r e p o t e nt i a l ly u s ef u l cu r r i cu l u m a s s e ss m e n t t o ol s. education for sustainability (EFS), curriculum, assessment, survey, HE 21 Project F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e, e t a l. ( 1 9 9 9 ). S U S T A I N A BL E D E V E L O P M E N T E D U CA T I O N S P E CI F I C A T I O N S. L o n d o n: F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e. U n de r g r a d u a t e s u s t a i n a bi l i t y c u r r i c u l u m s p ec i f i ca t i o ns c o v e r i n g t h e c o r e s u s t a i n a b il i t y l e a r ni n g a g en d a fo r b u s i n e ss, e ng i n e er i n g, d e s ig n a nd t e a c h e r e d u c a t i o n. T h e r e s u lt o f a n a t i o n a l c u r r i c u l u m s u r v e y of c o ll e g e s a n d u n i v er s i t ie s i n t h e U n i t ed K i ng d o m. U s e fu l c r i t e r ia f o r e v a lu a t i ng c u r r i c u la. education for sustainability (EFS), curriculum, guidelines, HE 21 Project G H G P r o t o c o l I n i t ia t i v e ( 2 0 0 0 ). G R E E N H O U SE G A S E M I SS I O N S C A L CU L A T IO N T O O L S. GH G P r o t o c o l I n i t i a t i ve. <http://www.ghgprotocol.org/standard/tools.htm> greening the campus, climate protection, assessment tool 16 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

G i lm o u r, B o b a n d He l e n M a n n s ( 2 0 0 1 ). A PR A CT I C A L G U I DE T O W A S T E M A N A G E M E NT F O R U N I V E R S I T I E S A N D C O L L E G E S. H e ad i n g t o n, UK : E nv i r o nm e n t al A s so c i a t i o n fo r U ni v e r si t i e s a n d C o l le g e s ( E A U C ). greening the campus, waste management, guidelines, assessment, best practice, case studies G l o b a l En v i r o n m e n t a l M an a g e me n t In i t i at i v e ( G E M I) ( 1 9 9 2 ). E N V IR O N M E N T A L S E L F- A S S E S S M E NT P R O GR A M ( E SA P ). GE M I. <http://www.gemi.org/sap_102.pdf> U s es t h e 1 6 E n v i r on m e n t a l M a n a g e m e n t P r i n c ip l e s o f t he I n t e r n a t i o n a l C h a m b e r of C o m m e r c e ( I C C ) a s b e n ch m a r k s f o r m e a su r i n g e n v ir o n m en t a l p e r f or m a n ce. P r o v i d es h e lp f u l i d e a s f o r a s s e ss i n g a n d d e v el o p i ng m a na g e m en t p r o g r a m s a n d i m p r o v i n g e n v ir o n m en t a l p e r f or m a n ce. T hi s a nd o t he r G E M I p u bl i c a t i o n s c o n t r i b u t ed t o t h e de v e l op m e n t o f a h i g he r e du c a t io n - s pe c i f ic E M S s e l f- a s se s s m en t g u i d e by t h e C a m pu s C on s o r t i u m fo r E nv i r o nm e n t a l E x ce l l e nc e. sustainability management systems (SMS), assessment, guidelines, C 2 E 2 G l o b a l En v i r o n m e n t a l M an a g e me n t In i t i at i v e ( G E M I) ( 1 9 9 3 ). T O T A L Q U A L I T Y E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT : TH E P R I M E R. GE M I. <http://www.gemi.org/tqe_101.pdf> A co n c i se g u id e t o t o t a l q u a l i t y e n v i r o n m e nt a l m a n a g em e n t ( T Q E M ). I nc l u d es g u id e l i ne s f or i m pl e m e nt i n g a T Q E M p r og r a m. sustainability management systems (SMS), guidelines G l o b a l R e p o r t i n g In i t i at i v e ( G R I ) ( 2 0 0 0 ). S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y R E P OR T I N G G U I DE L I N E S O N E C O NO M I C, EN V IR O N M E N T A L, A N D S O C IA L P E R FO R M A NC E. GR I. <http://www.globalreporting.org/guidelines> T h e f i r st g l ob a l fr a m e wo r k fo r c om p r e he n s i v e s u st a i n a b i l i t y r e po r t i ng. A p r o d u c t o f t h e G l o b a l R e po r t i ng I n it i a t iv e ( G R I ), l a u n ch e d by t h e C o a li t i o n f o r E n v i r o n m e nt a l l y R e s po n s i bl e E co n o m ie s ( C E R E S ). P r o v i d e s g u i d a n c e on t h e p r i nc i p l es o f s u s t a i n a b il i t y r e p o r t i n g, r e p or t c on t e n t, a n d d e v e l o p in g s u s t a i na b i l it y p er f o r m a n c e i n d i ca t o r s. sustainability management, reporting, indicators, guidelines G o o d C o mp a n y ( 2 0 0 1). S U S T A I N A BL E P A T HW A Y S T O O L K I T FO R U N I V E R S I T I E S A N D C O L L E G E S : SO C IA L A ND E N V IR O N M E N T A L I N D IC A T O RS F O R C A M PU S E S. Go o d C o m p a ny. <http://www.goodcompany.cc/toolkit> T h e f i r st e l a b o r a t e d s et o f s u s t a i n a b il i t y i n d i ca t o r s d e s ig n e d f o r a g e n er a l hi g h e r e d u ca t i o n s e t t i n g. T h e 2 3 in d i c a t o r s p r o p os e d sp a n t h r e e s p h e r e s o f i m p a c t en v i r on m e n t, hu m a n r e s o u r c e s, a n d c om m u n it y c or e a nd f u nc t i o n a n d a r e e a c h p r o v id e d wi t h de t a i le d d es c r i pt i o n s a n d m u l t ip l e - s t a g e b en c h m a r k s. T h i s i s t he f i r s t o f a s er i e s o f a nt i c i pa t e d C S A - r e l a t ed r e so u r c es b y G o o d C o m p a n y. greening the campus, assessment tool, indicators, benchmarks G r ay, K at h l e e n ( 1 9 9 6 ). O F F IC E G R E E N B U Y IN G G U I DE. Wa s h i ng t o n, D. C.: G r e e n S e a l, In c. D i sc u s s es t h e f u n da m e n t a l s of " g r e e n " o f f i ce p u r c h a s in g, a n d h ow t o d e v e lo p a n e f f ec t i v e " g r ee n " o f fi c e pu r c h a s i n g p r o g r a m. A l s o pr o v i de s d et a i l ed g u id a n c e a n d a s e t o f ch e c k li s t s f o r a s s e s si n g e n v i r o n m e n t a l p e r fo r m a nc e o f c u r r e n t pu r c h a s e s, p r o d u c t a lt e r n a t i v e s, a n d s u p pl i e r s. A p pe n d i ce s i n cl u d e a n e xt e n s iv e l is t o f o f f ic e p r o d u c t s r e co m m e nd e d a n d / o r c e r t i f i e d b y G r e e n S e a l. greening the campus, "green" purchasing, office practices, guide/manual, assessment G r e e n D e s t i n y C o u nc i l ( 2 0 0 0 ). G R E E N D E S T I N Y : R E A CH I N G C O N SE N S U S O N P E N N S T A T E ' S E C O L O G I C A L M I S SI O N. P e n n S t a t e U n i ve r s i t y. < http://www.bio.psu.edu/greendestiny/publications.shtml> sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus, sustainability management, case study CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 17

G r e e n D e s t i n y C o u nc i l ( f o r t hc o m i ng ). A W A KE N I N G T O L I F E : TH E U P P E R C L A SS M E N O R I E N T A T IO N G U I DE. Pe n n St a t e U n i v e r s i t y. <http://www.bio.psu.edu/greendestiny/projects.shtml> greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), guide/manual G r e e n S e a l, In c. an d U ni v e r si t y o f M a ry l a n d C e n t e r f o r G l o b a l C h a n g e ( 1 9 9 4 ). C A M PU S G R E E N B U Y IN G G U I DE. Wa s h i ng t o n, D. C.: G r e e n S e a l, In c. D i sc u s s es t h e f u n da m e n t a l s of " g r e e n " p u r c ha s i n g a n d h o w t o d e v e l o p a n e ff e c t iv e " g r e e n " p u r c h a s in g p r o g r a m. greening the campus, "green" purchasing, guide/manual H A L IF A X D E C L A R A T IO N, TH E ( 19 9 1 ). I n t e r n a t io n a l I n s t it u t e f o r Su s t a in a b l e D e v e l o p m e n t ( I IS D ). <http://iisd1.iisd.ca/educate/declare.htm> D e cl a r a t i o n pr o d u ce d b y t h e 1 9 9 1 C o n f er e n c e o n Un i v e r s i t y A c t i on f o r S u s t a i n a bl e D ev e l o pm e n t, w h ic h b r o u g h t t o g et h e r u n i v er s i t y p r e si d e n t s a n d s e n io r o ff i c i a l s f r o m g ov e r n m e n t s, t h e b u s i ne s s c o m m u n i t y, a nd N G Os f r om f i v e c o nt i n e nt s i n a n ef f o r t t o de t e r m i n e t h e r ol e o f h i g he r e du c a t io n i n i m pr o v i ng t h e c a p a c i t y o f c ou n t r ie s t o a d d r e s s su s t a in a b l e d e v el o p m en t i ss u e s. A n o t h e r do c u m en t t o e m er g e fr o m t h e H a l i f a x C o n fe r e n ce, C r e a t i n g a C o m m o n F u t u re : A n A c t io n P l a n f o r U n iv e r s it i e s, bu i l d s o n t h e de c l a r a t i o n' s s ev e n r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s. sustainability in higher education (SHE), declaration, guidelines H a rd i, Pe t e r a n d Te r r e nc e Z da n ( 19 9 7 ). T H E B E L L A G I O P R I NC I P L E S F O R A S S E S S M E NT. A s se s s i ng S u st a i n ab l e De v e l o p m e n t : P r in c i p le s i n P r a c t i c e. In t e r na t i o na l I ns t i t ut e f o r S u st a i n ab l e De v e l o p m e n t ( I I SD ). <http://iisd.ca/pdf/bellagio.pdf> T e n p r i nc i p l es f o r a s s es s i n g s u s t a i n a bl e d ev e l o pm e n t, r e s u l t i n g f r o m a n I I S D - le d i nt e r n a t i o n a l i n it i a t iv e t o s y n t h e s i z e i n si g h t s f r o m a l l s e c t or s c on c e r ni n g be s t pr a c t ic e i n a s s es s i n g s u s t a i n a bl e d e v e l o p m e n t. T h e pr i n c ip l e s a d d r es s f ou r a r e a s of c o nc e r n : e s t a b l i s hi n g a v i s io n a nd g o a l s, a s se s s m en t c on t e n t, t h e a s s es s m e nt p r oc e s s, a n d e s t a bl i s h in g a c a p a ci t y fo r o ng o i n g a s s es s m e nt. sustainable development (SD), assessment, guidelines, IISD H e in z F am i l y F o u n da t i o n ( 1 9 9 5 ). B L U E P R I N T F O R A G R E E N C A M PU S : TH E C A M PU S E A R T H S U M M I T I N I T I A T I V E S F OR H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N. C e n t e r f o r E n v i ro n m e nt a l C i t i z e n s h i p ( C EC ). <http://www.envirocitizen.org/cgv/blueprint/index.html> A se t o f c a m pu s g r e e n i ng r e co m m e nd a t i on s p r o d u c ed b y p a r t ic i p a nt s i n t h e m o m e nt o u s 1 9 9 4 C a m p u s E a r t h S u m m it h e ld a t Y a l e U n i v er s i t y. T h is w e ll - o r g a n i z ed d o cu m e n t p r o v i d e s r a t i on a l e f o r e a ch o f 1 0 r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s, a n d o u t li n e s i m p l em e n t a t i o n s t r a t e g i e s s p e ci f i c t o e a c h s t a k e h ol d e r g r ou p. greening the campus, guidelines H e in z e - Fr y, J a n e ( 1 9 9 4 ). G R E E N L I V E S, GR E E N C A M PU S E S. B e l m o nt, C A : W a ds w o r t h. A u n i q u e a c t iv i t y m a n u a l d e si g n e d f o r a c o ll e g e c o u r se, a dd r e s si n g en v i r on m e n t a l i ss u e s i n t he c o nt e x t o f i nd i v i du a l li f e s t y l e s a n d ca m p u s p r a ct i c e s. E a ch c h a p t e r c o v e r s o n e f o c u s a r ea a n d f o l lo w s t h e s a m e f o r m a t, sy s t e m a t i c a l l y g u i d i ng t h e s t u de n t t h r o u g h a se l f - a s s e s sm e n t a n d su b s e q u e n t ly a c a m p u s a s s e s sm e n t. A s s es s m e nt s t a g e s in c l u de c o ll e c t in g d a t a, id e n t if y i n g p r o bl e m s, d e v el o p i ng a n d e v a l u a t in g a lt e r n a t i v e p r o p os a l s, a n d c r e a t i n g a n a c t i o n pl a n. E x t e ns i v e b i b l io g r a ph y p r o v i d ed. greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), course-based projects, assessment, guide/manual 18 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

H e mi n g w ay, T o m ( 1 9 9 7 ). A S S E S S I N G Y O U R L O C A L F O O D S Y S T E M. S t ra t e g ie s, Po l i c y A p pr o a c he s, an d R e s o u r c e s f o r L o c a l F o o d S y s t e m P l a n ni n g an d O rg a n i z i n g : A R e so u r c e G u id e. K e n n e t h A. D a h l be r g, K a t e C l a n c y, R o b e r t L. W il s o n, J a n O ' D o nn e l l a n d To m H e mi n g w ay, e ds. W e s t e r n M i c hi g a n U n i v e r s i t y. <http://unix.cc.wmich.edu/~dahlberg> greening the campus, food, assessment, guidelines H e rr e m a ns, I re n e an d D av i d E. A l lw r i g ht ( 2 0 0 0 ). E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT S Y S T E M S A T N O R T H A M E RI C A N U N I V E R S I T I E S : WH A T D R I V E S G O O D P E R FO R M A NC E? I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u rn a l o f S u st a i n ab i l i t y i n H i g h e r E d uc a t i o n 1 ( 2 ) : 14-1 7. <http://www.ucalgary.ca/uofc/departments/uemc/education_and_training.htm> D i sc u s s es t h e f i n di n g s a n d im p l i ca t i o ns o f a s u r v e y of e n v i r o n m e n t a l m a n a g e m e nt s y st e m s a t N o r t h A m er i c a n c o l le g e s a n d u n i v e r s i t i es ; d r a w s r e l a t io n s h ip s b et w e e n E M S c h a r a c t e r is t i c s a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l p e r fo r m a nc e. greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), survey H i g h e r Ed u c a t i o n Fu n d i ng C o un c i l f o r En g l a nd ( H EF C E ), e t al. ( 19 9 6 a ). E N E RG Y M A N A G E M E NT S T U DY I N T H E H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N S E C T O R : NA T IO N A L R E P OR T. B r i s t o l, U K : H E F C E. D i sc u s s es t h e f i n di n g s o f a n a t i on a l en e r g y m a n a g e m e nt s u r v e y of c o ll e g e s a n d u n i v er s i t ie s i n t h e U n it e d K i n g d om. I nc l u d es a de t a i le d e ne r g y m a n a g e m e n t p r o g r a m im p l e m e n t a t i o n ch e c k li s t. F i r s t d o cu m e n t i n a t h r ee - p a r t s e r i e s a l s o in c l u di n g a n e n er g y m a n a g em e n t r e v i ew g u id e a nd e n er g y m a na g e m en t b en c h m a r k i n g s o f t w a r e. greening the campus, sustainability management, energy conservation, best practice, guidelines, HEFCE H i g h e r Ed u c a t i o n Fu n d i ng C o un c i l f o r En g l a nd ( H EF C E ), e t al. ( 19 9 6 b ). E N E RG Y M A N A G E M E NT S T U DY I N T H E H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N S E C T O R : MA N A G E M E NT R E V IE W G U I DE. B r is t o l, U K : H E F C E. A u s e f u l g u i de t o a s s e ss i n g e n e r g y m a na g e m en t a nd p e r f o r m a n c e, p r o v id i n g s t e p - b y - s t e p i ns t r u ct i o n s a n d s e v er a l a s s e s sm e n t t o o l s. S e co n d do c u m en t i n a t hr e e - pa r t se r i e s a l s o i n c lu d i n g a n a t i o n a l r e po r t o n e n e r g y m a na g e m en t a t c o l le g e s a n d u n i v e r s i t i es i n t h e Un i t e d K i n g d o m a n d e ne r g y m a n a g e m e n t b e nc h m a r k i n g s o f t wa r e. greening the campus, sustainability management, energy conservation, assessment, guide/manual, HEFCE H i g h e r Ed u c a t i o n Fu n d i ng C o un c i l f o r En g l a nd ( H EF C E ), e t al. ( 19 9 6 c ). E N E RG Y M A N A G E M E NT B E N CH M A R KI N G S O F T W A R E ( E MB S ) F O R W I N DO W S ( V e rs i o n 1. 0 ). B r i st o l, U K : H E F C E. A u s e r - fr i e n dl y c om p u t er p r og r a m f o r ca l c u la t i n g s i t e- s p e ci f i c e n e r g y p e r f o r m a n c e be n c h m a r k s. A v a lu a b l e a s s es s m e nt a n d i n f or m a t io n m a n a g e m e n t t o o l fo r e ne r g y m a n a g e m e n t p e r so n n e l a t a c o l le g e o r u n i v er s i t y. P a r t o f a s e t o f r e s o u r c e s a l s o in c l u di n g a n a t io n a l r e p o r t o n e n e r g y m a na g e m en t a t c o ll e g e s a n d u n i v er s i t ie s i n t h e U n i t ed K i ng d o m a n d a m a n a g e m e nt r e v i e w g u i d e. greening the campus, sustainability management, energy conservation, assessment, benchmarking, HEFCE H i g h e r Ed u c a t i o n Fu n d i ng C o un c i l f o r En g l a nd ( H EF C E ) ( 1 9 9 8 a ). E N V IR O N M E N T A L R E P OR T. H E FC E. <http://www.hefce.ac.uk/pubs/hefce/1998/98_61.htm> S u m m a r i z e s t he f i nd i n g s o f a p i l ot e n v i r o n m e n t a l a s s es s m e nt p r oj e c t i n v o lv i n g s i x hi g h e r e d u ca t i o n i n st i t u t i o n s i n t he U n it e d K i n g d om. A c o m p a n i o n t o t he e x ce l l e nt H E F C E E nv i r o nm e n t a l W o r k b o o k. greening the campus, assessment, HEFCE CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 19

H i g h e r Ed u c a t i o n Fu n d i ng C o un c i l f o r En g l a nd ( H EF C E ) ( 1 9 9 8 b ). E N V IR O N M E N T A L W O R KB O O K. B r i s t o l, U K : H E FC E. A c co m p a ny i n g w o r k bo o k t o a Hi g h e r E d u ca t i o n F u n di n g C o u n c il f o r E n g la n d ( H E F C E ) r e po r t s u m m a r i z i n g t h e f in d i n g s o f a p i lo t e nv i r o nm e n t a l a s se s s m en t p r o j e c t i n v ol v i n g s i x h i g h er e d u c a t i on i n st i t u t i o n s i n t he U n it e d K i n g d om. P a r t i c u l a r l y a p p r o p r i a t e f or m a na g e m en t a nd o p er a t i on s s t a f f. I n cl u d e s a n in s t i t u t i o na l s el f - a ss e s s m e n t wo r k s he e t. greening the campus, sustainability management, assessment, guide/manual H o g a n, B a r b an d T e d F l an i g a n ( 1 9 9 6 ). S T A T E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W Y O R K A T B U F FA L O : C O M PR E H E NS I V E E N E RG Y A ND R E S OU R C E M A N A G E M E NT, PR O FI L E # 1 2 4. S UN Y - B uf f a l o. <http://wings.buffalo.edu/ubgreen/content/programs/energyconservation/reportenergyconsv.html> A detailed examination of the outstanding energy and resource conservation program at the State University of New York at Buffalo. greening the campus, sustainability management, energy conservation, case study H o wa r d Hu g h e s M e d ic a l In s t i t u t e ( H H M I ) ( 2 0 0 0 ). M A N A G I N G H A Z A R D O U S W A S T E S I N A C A DE M I C R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T IO N S. HH M I. <http://www.hhmi.org/science/labsafe/projects/hazwaste.html> R e po r t s t h e fi n d i ng s o f a c om p r e he n s i v e p r oj e c t t o i de n t i fy a n d i m p le m e n t b e s t p r a ct i c e s f o r m a na g i n g h a z a r d o u s w a s t e s i n m a j or a c a d e m i c r e s ea r c h i n s t it u t i on s. E l e m e nt s o f a n ef f e c t i v e E M S f o r h a z a r d o u s w a s t e s, a n d a s e t of 1 4 " c o n se n s u s" b e st p r a c t i c es, e m e r g e d f r o m a w or k s h op e n g a g i n g r e pr e s e nt a t i v e s f r o m t he 1 0 p a r t ic i p a t i n g in s t i t u t i o ns, g ov e r n m e n t, a n d t h e p r i v a t e s e c t o r. Th e f in a l p h a s e w il l t es t t he e f fe c t i v e n e s s o f t h e p a r t i c ip a t i ng i n st i t u t i o n s h a z a r d o u s w a s t e m a na g e m en t p r og r a m s o v e r a 1 2 - m o n t h p e r i o d. A f i na l r ep o r t i s e xp e c t ed s o on. greening the campus, sustainability management, hazardous substances, guidelines, best practice H u c k l e, J o h n a n d St e p h e n S t e r l i n g, e d s. ( 1 9 9 5 ). E D U CA T I O N F O R S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y. L o n d o n : E a rt h s c an. sustainability in higher education (SHE), education for sustainability (EFS), greening the campus H u mb o l d t S t a t e U n iv e r s it y a nd C a li f o r ni a I nt e g r at e d Wa s t e M a n a g e m e n t B o a rd ( 1 9 9 4 ). R E C Y C L I N G A N D B E Y ON D : A M O D E L F O R C A M PU S C O M M U N I T IE S ( vi d e o c a s s e t t e r e c o r d in g ). A r c a t a, C A : Hu m b o ld t S t a t e Un i v e rs i t y. P r es e n t s a f iv e - s t e p p la n f or s o li d w a s t e r e d u c t i o n, m o d e le d a ft e r t h e w a s t e r e d u c t i o n pr o g r a m a t H u m b o l d t S t a t e U n iv e r s it y. greening the campus, waste management, guidelines I n st i t u t e f o r E n e rg y a nd E n vi r o n me n t a l R e s e a r c h H e i d e l b e r g, L t d. a n d I n s t i t u t e f o r E n vi r o n me n t a l I n f o r m a t ic s H am b u r g, L t d. ( 2 0 0 0 ). U M B E R T O ( Ve r s i o n 3. 5 e d u c ). H a mb u r g : I n st i t u t e f o r E n v ir o n m e n t a l I n f o rm a t i c s H a mb u r g, L t d. C o m p u t e r p r o g r a m fo r c a l c u l a t i n g, e v a lu a t i ng a n d m o n it o r i ng m a t e r i a l a n d e n e r g y f l ow s, de s i g ne d f or h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n in s t i t u t i o ns. S ev e r a l i n s t i t u t io n s in E u r o p e a l r e a dy u s e U m b er t o a s a n e n v i r o n m e nt a l m a na g e m en t t oo l. greening the campus, sustainability management, assessment tool I n t e r n a t i o n a l A s s o c i a t io n o f U n i ve r s i t i e s ( I A U ) ( 1 9 9 3 ). T H E K Y O T O D E C L A R A T IO N. IA U. <http://www.unesco.org/iau/tfsd_first.html#the KYOTO> sustainability in higher education (SHE), declaration, guidelines 20 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide