Campus Sustainability Assessment and Related Literature

Campus Sustainability Assessment and Related Literature An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide Andrew Nixon February 2002 Campus Sustainability Assessment Review Project Telephone: (616) 387-5626 Environmental Institute Fax: (616) 387-2272 Western Michigan University campus.assessment@wmich.edu Kalamazoo, MI 49008

Campus Sustainability Assessment and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide Introduction Everywhere around the world, institutions of higher learning are awakening to the urgent challenges of sustainability. This is only a recent development. Twenty years ago environmental stewardship in higher education was largely limited to regulatory compliance and scattered, often ad-hoc recycling programs. Today, formal recycling programs are commonplace, and some higher education institutions are beginning to adopt the systematic, holistic approaches to sustainability management characteristic of many companies in the private sector. The literature on sustainability in higher education (SHE) has burgeoned similarly and increased in momentum over the past decade. In fact, almost all of this literature emerged after 1990, 70% of it within only the past 5 years. I have made a serious effort to be as exhaustive as possible in my review of the literature, but new literature related to SHE is emerging at such a rate that total comprehensiveness is virtually impossible. The 204 works included in this bibliography were selected for their potential value to individuals or groups interested in the campus sustainability assessment (CSA) process. As the CSA ultimately involves all aspects and issues of SHE, I have tried to include literature that collectively provides sufficient information (to the extent that the existing literature can) to guide a person through the entire CSA process. The bibliography accordingly includes all works in English concerning campus greening that I identified and consider substantial, a representative selection of works addressing education for sustainability, and select literature from the private sector concerning environmental and sustainability management systems (EMS, SMS) and assessment methodology. Additional information provided includes important organizations, multi-institutional initiatives and campus programs related to sustainability in higher education. Collectively, the information contained and referred to in this document provides a representative overview of sustainability in higher education today. Major themes and Issues I identified several common themes in the literature. The following items were most frequently cited as essential elements of successful campus greening initiatives: Involve staff throughout all stages of a campus greening initiative; Obtain institutional commitment financial support, staff time, information access, public statements of commitment, and policy are all crucial to a long-term strategy; Involve students this can have tremendous educational benefits; and Build positive relationships between stakeholders. CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

The following items were often emphasized in literature that focused on the CSA process: Affirm commitment from top management prior to conducting the CSA; Define the purpose, objectives and scope of the CSA at the outset; Include rationale and implementation strategies with recommended actions; Institutionalize the CSA process data gathering and review must occur at regular intervals to measure and assess progress; and Support the CSA process with sufficient resources and expertise otherwise, a comprehensive (broad-scope) CSA will likely be overwhelming, ineffective, and discouraging. In addition, several concerns were repeatedly raised in the literature, most of them related to deficiencies with information resources. For instance, many authors expressed both a need for literature discussing the practical aspects of carrying out a CSA and a central source for technical, regulatory and practical information related to CSAs and other aspects of sustainability management in higher education. Notes concerning format This document consists of the annotated bibliography, followed by a list of additional resources. The annotated bibliography is arranged alphabetically by author; works with no specified author are in most cases alphabetized by the institution(s) responsible for their publication. Many of these works are available on-line; in such cases hyperlinks have been provided. A list of keywords accompanies each reference (see table, below). Although this bibliography includes works that I feel make valuable contributions to the literature, some, in particular, stand out in terms of interest or utility. A next to a reference indicates these works. Works I found to be exceptionally valuable are indicated with a. Several works identified were unavailable in time to review. Reference information for these works is included in the bibliography, without accompanying annotations. Keywords used assessment assessment tool ACCC benchmarking best practice C 2 E 2 Campus Ecology Program case studies case study climate protection conference proceedings course-based projects curriculum declaration ecological landscaping education for sustainability (EFS) EMAS energy conservation sustainability management sustainability management systems (SMS) financial savings/returns food green building design greening the campus "green" purchasing guide/manual guidelines hazardous substances HE 21 Project HEFCE IISD indicators ISO 14000 office practices regulatory compliance reporting socially responsible investing (SRI) staff involvement student activism survey sustainability in higher education (SHE) sustainable development (SD) thesis project transportation U.S. EPA waste management water management CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 3

Acknowledgements This bibliography serves as part of my undergraduate thesis, which in turn is part of a larger project to review and evaluate the current state of CSA materials the Campus Sustainability Assessment Review Project (CSARP). I owe thanks to several individuals throughout North America and Europe, for assisting me in the literature identification process and for offering suggestions regarding the bibliography: Kelly Bagg, Joe Bagnall, Bob Blondin, Wynn Calder, Kenneth Dahlberg, Harold Glasser, Karyn Kaplan, Ryanne Oppedisano, Oliver Pralle, Anurandha S. Rao, Niko Roorda, John Rushforth, Walter Simpson, Jessica Stine, Jason Tallant, Peter Viebahn, and Julia Walton. 4 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

The Literature A l ab a s t e r, T o n y a nd D e re k B la i r ( 1 9 9 6 ). G R E E N I N G T H E U N I V E R S I T Y. E d uc a t i o n f o r S u st a i n ab i l i t y. J o h n Hu c k l e a n d S t e p he n S t e r l i ng, e ds. L o n d o n : E a r t h s c a n: 8 6-1 0 4. greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS) A l ab a s t e r, T o n y a nd J u li a W al t o n ( 1 9 9 7 ). P R A CT I C I NG W H A T T H E Y T E A CH : UN I V E R S I T I E S, I N D US T R Y A N D E N V IR O N M E N T A L R E P OR T I N G. I n du s t r ia l R e l a t i o n s L aw B u ll e t i n 6 4 : 1 1-1 5. greening the campus, sustainability management, reporting A l i K h a n, S h ir l e y ( 1 9 9 2 ). C O L L E G E S G O I NG G R E E N : A G U I DE T O E N V IR O N M E N T A L A C T IO N I N F U R T H E R E D U CA T I O N C O L L E G E S. L o n d o n: S c o t t i s h F u r t h e r Ed u c a t i o n Un i t. A st r e a m l i n e d d o c u m e n t o f f e r i n g a s s e s sm e n t c h e c k l i s t s a n d i d e a s f o r i m m e di a t e a n d lo n g - t e r m a c t i o n s t o g r e e n a c a m pu s, su p p o r t e d wi t h ex a m p le s f r o m c ol l e g es i n t h e Un i t e d K i n g d o m. greening the campus, assessment, guidelines A l i K h a n, S h ir l e y ( 1 9 9 8 ). P A R T N E R S HI P S FO R S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y : HI G HE R E D U CA T I O N 2 1 - L O C A L A G E ND A 2 1. L o n d o n: F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e. S e v e r a l c a s e s t u d ie s o f l o c a l a u t h o r i t y - hi g h e r e d u ca t i o n p a r t n e r s hi p s in t h e U n i t e d K in g d o m. sustainable development (SD), sustainability in higher education (SHE) A l i K h a n, S h ir l e y ( 1 9 9 9 ). T O W A R D S S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y : A G U I DE F O R C O L L E G E S. L o n d o n: F u rt h e r E d u c at i o n D e v e lo p m e nt A g e n c y ( F E D A ) ( n o w t h e L e a r ni n g an d S ki l l s D e v e lo p m e nt A g e n c y ). A cl e a r a n d co n c i se s e t o f g u i d e li n e s f o r ef f e c t i v e en v i r on m e n t a l m a n a g e m e n t in h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n. D r a w s e xt e n s iv e l y f r o m s e v e r a l F or u m fo r t he F u t u r e HE 2 1 P r o j ec t p u b l i c a t i o n s. greening the campus, sustainability management, assessment, guidelines A l le n, A a r o n S. ( 19 9 9 ). G R E E N I N G T H E C A M PU S : IN S T I T U T IO N A L E N V IR O N M E N T A L C H A NG E A T T U L A N E U N I V E R S I T Y ( t h e s i s). E n vi r o n me n t a l S t u di e s Pr o g r am. Tu l a n e U n i ve r s i t y. <http://www.tulane.edu/~greenclb/thesis> A n u n d e r g r a d u a t e t h e s i s e x a m i n i n g t h e p r o c es s o f i n s t i t u t io n a l e n v i r o n m e nt a l ch a n g e a t Tu l a n e U n iv e r s it y. Sy s t e m a t i c a l l y do c u m en t s ex a m p le s o f e n v ir o n m en t a l c h a n g e a t o t h e r i n s t i t u t io n s, a n d u s es t h es e t o i n f or m a nd s u pp o r t t h e co n c l u d i n g p r o p os a l " B l u e pr i n t f o r a G r e en T u la n e. " greening the campus, case study, thesis project A r c h e r, M i l l y, e t a l. ( 2 0 0 0 ). T H E N E W E N G L A N D L A B OR A T O RI E S P R O J E C T X L : A N E X P E R I M E NT I N L A B OR A T O RY R E G UL A T I ON. U ni v e r si t y o f V e rm o n t. <http://esf.uvm.edu/c2e2/library/xllessons.html> D e sc r i b es a n i n n o v a t i v e p i l ot p r oj e c t e s t a bl i s h ed i n 1 9 9 9 t o h el p c ol l e g es a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s in t h e U n it e d St a t e s a c h ie v e en v i r on m e n t a l p er f o r m a n c e r e s u lt s s u p e r i or t o w h a t t h e y c u r r en t l y a c h i ev e u n de r t he c u r r e n t R C R A r e g u la t o r y s y s t e m. Th e p r o j e c t, p a r t i c i pa t e d i n b y t h r ee N e w E n g la n d u n iv e r s it i e s, i s pa r t of P r oj e c t X L, a f e d er a l in i t i a t i v e a i m e d a t m a k i n g p u b li c h ea l t h a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i on r e g u l a t io n m or e e ff e c t iv e a nd e f fi c i e nt b y a l l o wi n g bu s i n es s e s a n d ot h e r i n st i t u t i o n s t o d ev e l o p n e w w a y s t o m ee t t he A g en c y ' s e n v ir o n m en t a l g o a l s. greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), regulatory compliance, hazardous substances, U.S. EPA, C 2 E 2 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 5

A s so c i a t e d C o l l e g e s o f t h e So u t h ( A C S ) ( 2 0 0 0 ). C A M PU S E N V IR O N M E N T A L S U R V E Y S. A C S. <http://www.colleges.org/~enviro/survey/index.html> A se t o f t h r ee o n - l i n e s u r v ey s i nt e n d ed f o r A C S m e m b er i n st i t u t i o n s, w i t h t h e p u r p os e o f f o s t e r i n g c o ll a b o r a t i v e e f f or t s a m o n g m e m b er i n st i t u t i o n s. S u r v e y s a d d r e ss c a r e e r pl a n n in g a nd p l a c e m e nt, c a m p u s op e r a t i o n s, a n d s t u d en t i nt e r e st i n e n v i r o n m e nt a l m a t t e r s. greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), assessment tool, survey A s so c i a t i o n o f C a na d i a n C o m mu n i t y C o l le g e s ( A C C C ) ( 1 9 9 9-2 0 0 0 ). E N E RG Y E F F IC I E N CY C A S E S T U DI E S. A C C C. <http://www.accc.ca/energyefficiency/best_practices/colleges_institutes.htm> S i x w e l l- d o c u m e n t ed c a se s t u d i e s h i g h li g h t in g s u c c e s sf u l en e r g y e f f ic i e n cy i n it i a t iv e s a t C a na d i a n h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n in s t i t u t i o ns. greening the campus, energy conservation, best practice, ACCC A s so c i a t i o n o f C a na d i a n C o m mu n i t y C o l le g e s ( A C C C ) ( 2 0 0 0 a ). I M P L E M E N T I N G E N E RG Y E F F IC I E N CY I M P RO V E M E N T S. A C C C. <http://www.accc.ca/energyefficiency/actions/implementing.htm> P r ov i d e s e x c el l e n t g u i de l i n es f o r i m p le m e n t i n g a n d f in a n c in g e ne r g y e f f i ci e n c y p r o je c t s a t a h i g h er e d u c a t i on i n st i t u t i o n, a n d di s c u ss e s cr i t i ca l r el a t e d i s s u e s. A v a l u a b l e r e s o u r c e fo r d ev e l o pi n g a n e n er g y a c t i o n p l a n. greening the campus, energy conservation, guide/manual, financial savings/returns, ACCC A s so c i a t i o n o f C a na d i a n C o m mu n i t y C o l le g e s ( A C C C ) ( 2 0 0 0 b ). E N E RG Y I N N OV A T I ON - E M B RA C I N G T H E F U T UR E : A M A N UA L F OR C A N A D I A N C O L L E G E S A N D I N S T I T U T E S. A C C C. <http://www.accc.ca/energyefficiency/actions/implementing.htm> P r ov i d e s r a t io n a l e a n d g u i d el i n e s f o r d e v e lo p i n g a n d i m p l em e n t in g a n e n e r g y e ff i c i en c y pr o g r a m a t a h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n in s t i t u t i o n. A v a l u a bl e r es o u r ce f o r d e v el o p i ng a n e n e r g y a c t i o n pl a n. greening the campus, energy conservation, sustainability management, guide/manual, ACCC Association of Canadian Community Colleges (ACCC) (2001). CO 2 CALCULATOR. ACCC. <http://www.accc.ca/energyefficiency/actions/calculator.htm> greening the campus, climate protection, energy conservation, assessment tool, ACCC A s so c i a t i o n o f C o mm o n w e a l t h U n i v e r s i t ie s ( A C U ) ( 1 9 9 3 ). T H E S W A NS E A D E C L A R A T IO N. I n t e r n a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e f o r S u s t ai n a b le D e ve l o p me n t ( I I S D ). <http://iisd1.iisd.ca/educate/declare.htm> D e cl a r a t i o n u r g i n g m e m be r s of t h e A s s oc i a t io n o f C o m m o n w e a l t h Un i v e r s i t i es ( A C U ) t o p u r su e a c o u r s e of s u st a i n a b l e de v e l op m e n t. S i m i l a r i n l a n g u a g e t o t h e Ha l i f a x D e cl a r a t i o n. sustainability in higher education (SHE), declaration, guidelines B a g n a l l, J o ( 2 0 0 0 a). T H E E C O C A M PU S A W A RD S C H E M E : A G U I DE T O T H E P I L OT P R O GR A M M E. Ne w M il l s, U K : Go i n g f o r Gr e e n. A n i n t r od u c t or y g u i d e t o t h e E c o C a m p u s A w a r d S c he m e, a r e ce n t en v i r on m e n t a l m a n a g e m e n t s y st e m a n d a wa r d sc h e m e d e s ig n e d f o r t h e h ig h e r e d u c a t i o n s e c t or. E co C a m pu s w il l b e p i l ot - t e st e d s o on a t 1 2 i n st i t u t i o n s a n d, i f p r o v e n s u c c es s f u l, m a y b e c om e t he s t a n d a r d E M S f o r hi g h e r e d u ca t i o n i n st i t u t i o n s i n t he U n it e d K i n g d om. greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), best practice 6 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

B a g n a l l, J o ( 2 0 0 0 b). H A N DB O O K F O R T H E E C O C A M PU S A W A RD S C H E M E : R E W A R D I N G P R O GR E S S T O W A R D S E N V IR O N M E N T A L S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y I N T H E F H E S E C T O R S. Ne w M il l s, U K : G o i ng f o r G r e e n. H a nd b o o k f o r p a r t ic i p a nt s i n t h e E c o C a m p u s A w a r d S c h em e, a r e c en t e nv i r o nm e n t a l m a na g e m en t s y st e m a n d a wa r d sc h e m e d e s ig n e d f o r t h e h ig h e r e d u c a t i o n s e c t or. E co C a m pu s w il l b e p i l ot t e st e d s o on a t 1 2 i ns t i t u t i o n s a n d, i f pr o v e n s u c ce s s f u l, m a y b e co m e t h e s t a n d a r d E M S f o r h i g h er e d u c a t i on i n st i t u t i o n s i n t he U n it e d K i n g d om. greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), guide/manual B a lc o m b e, J o na t h a n ( 2 0 0 0 ). T H E U S E O F A N I M A L S IN H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N: PR O BL E M S, A L T E R N A T IV E S, A N D R E C OM M E N DA T I O NS. Wa s h i ng t o n, D. C.: H u ma n e So c i e t y P r e s s. E x a m i n e s t h e e t h i ca l a nd p r a c t i c a l i s su e s co n c e r n i n g t h e u s e o f a n i m a l s fo r e du c a t io n a l p u r p os e s. C l ea r l y w r i t t e n a nd e x t e n s i v e l y do c u m en t e d. education for sustainability (EFS) B a rn e s, P h i l a n d Pa t r i c i a J e r m a n ( 1 9 9 9 ). D E V E L O P I NG A N E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT S Y S T E M F OR A M U L T I P L E - U N I V E R S I T Y C O N SO R T I UM. L u n d U n i v e r s i t y. <http://www.lu.se/green-campus/emsu99/papers/barnes_emsu99.html> D i sc u s s es t h e e s t a b l i s hm e n t o f t he S u st a i n a b l e Un i v e r s i t i es I n it i a t iv e ( SU I ), a c o ns o r t iu m o f t h r ee S o u t h C a r o l i na u n iv e r s it i e s t h a t a i m s t o i nc o r p or a t e s u s t a i n a b il i t y i n t o c u r r ic u l u m, o p er a t i on s, r e se a r c h, a n d c o m m u n i t y l i n k s. D es c r i be s t he i m pl e m e nt a t i on p r oc e s s a n d ch a l l en g e s e n c o u n t e r ed a l on g t he w a y. greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), sustainability management systems (SMS), conference proceedings B l o c h, Pa m, e t a l. ( 1 9 9 3 ). P O L L U T I O N P R E V E N T I ON S T R A T E G I E S F O R C O L L E G E C A M PU S E S : A C A S E S T U DY A T T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F M I C HI G A N. A n n A rb o r : U n i v e r s i t y o f Mi c h i g a n S c h o o l o f N a t u ra l R e s o u r c e s a nd E n vi r o n me n t. greening the campus, guidelines, assessment, case study B l y t h e, J o h n a n d Wy n n C a l d e r ( 1 9 9 9 ). G O I NG G R E E N A T L I V E R P O O L J O H N M O O RE S U N I V E R S I T Y. T h e D e c la r a t io n 3 ( 1 ). Un i v e rs i t y L e a d e r s f o r a Su s t a in a b l e F u t ur e ( UL S F ). <http://www.ulsf.org/pub_declaration_opsvol31.html> D e sc r i b es t h e g r e en i n g o f L iv e r p oo l J oh n M oo r e s U n i v er s i t y, a su s t a in a b i li t y le a d e r i n hi g h e r e d u c a t i on. F oc u s e s p a r t i c u l a r l y on a ca m p u s s u s t a i n a bi l i t y a s s es s m e nt p r oc e s s t h a t c u l m in a t e d i n t h e p u bl i c a t i o n of t h e J M U 1 9 9 7 E n v i r o n m e nt a l R e p o r t. greening the campus, assessment, best practice, case study B o we r s, C. A. ( 1 9 9 9 ). G R E E N I N G T H E U N I V E R S I T Y C U R RI C U L UM. S e c o nd N a t u r e. <http://www.secondnature.org/resource_center/resource_center.html> D i sc u s s es t h e n e e d f o r a n d so m e of t h e i n h er e n t c h a l le n g e s i n g r e e n in g t he f a cu l t y a n d u n i v e r s i t y c u r r i c u lu m c on t e n t. H i g h e r ed u c a t i o n, t h e a u t h o r a r g u e s, is l a r g e l y r e s p on s i b le f o r p e r pe t u a t i n g c u lt u r a l " m y t h s " fu n d a m e n t a l t o ou r e co l o g ic a l cr i s i s. I t t h e r ef o r e b e a r s t h e r e s p on s i b il i t y o f r e- c o nc e p t u a l i z in g t he a s pe c t s o f o u r c u lt u r e m o s t e s s e nt i a l t o m a k i n g a t r a n s i t io n t o m o r e e c o lo g i c a l l y s u st a i n a b l e cu l t u r a l p a t t e r ns. T hi s i s a f or m i d a b l e t a s k, h e a r g u e s, a n d w i l l r e q u ir e a c a l c u l a t e d s t r a t e g y. education for sustainability (EFS), curriculum CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 7

B u rn s, Su s a n ( 1 9 9 9 ). T H E N A T UR A L S T E P: A C O M PA S S FO R E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT S Y S T E M S. C o rp o r a t e E n vi r o n me n t a l S t r at e g y 6 ( 4 ) : 3 2 9-3 4 2. E x pl a i n s t h e f u n d a m e n t a l s o f T h e N a t u r a l St e p ( T N S ), a n i n cr e a s in g l y p o p u la r s u s t a i na b i l it y f r a m e w o r k f o r t h e p r i v a t e s ec t o r f o c u si n g on f o u r b a si c s ys t e m c o n d it i o n s f o r s u s t a i n a b il i t y. P r o v i d e s e x a m p l e s o f su c c e ss w i t h T N S i n t h e p r i v a t e s e c t o r. sustainable development (SD), sustainability management systems (SMS), ISO 14000 B u sh, B ar b a r a L. ( 1 9 9 2 ). M E A SU R I N G P O L L U T I O N P R E V E N T I ON P R O GR E S S : HO W D O W E G E T T H E RE F R OM H E R E? P o ll u t i o n P r e v e n t io n R e v i e w ( A u t u m n) : 4 3 1-4 4 3. D i sc u s s es d i ff e r e nt p o ll u t i on p r ev e n t io n m et r i c s a n d t h e ir a p pr o p r ia t e u s e s. H e l p fu l i n c h o os i n g a p pr o p r ia t e in d i c a t o r s f o r m e a s u r i n g en v i r on m e n t a l p er f o r m a n c e p r o g r e s s. sustainability management, assessment C a ld e r, W y n n ( 1 9 9 8 ). E N E RG Y D E R E G U L A T I O N M E E T S C A M PU S G R E E N I N G A T S U NY B U F FA L O. T h e D e c la r a t io n 2 ( 2 ). Un i v e rs i t y L e a d e r s f o r a Su s t a in a b l e F u t ur e ( UL S F ). <http://www.ulsf.org/pub_declaration_opsvol22.html> D e sc r i b es s e v e r a l c a m p u s g r ee n i n g s u c ce s s e s a t t h e S t a t e Un i v e r s i t y o f N ew Y o r k a t B u f f a l o, f o cu s i n g p a r t i c u l a r l y on e n er g y co n s e r v a t i on a n d t h e c h a l le n g e s o f de r e g u l a t i on. E nd s w it h a l i s t o f g e ne r a l c a m p u s g r ee n i n g s u g g e s t i on s. greening the campus, energy conservation, guidelines, best practice, case study C a mp u s C o n s o rt i u m f o r En v i r o n m e n t a l E xc e l l e n c e ( C 2 E 2 ) ( 2 0 0 0 a). E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT S Y S T E M S E L F- A S S E S S M E NT C H E CK L I S T, VE R SI O N 1. 0. Un i v e rs i t y o f V e r m o n t. <http://esf.uvm.edu/c2e2/ems_assessment/questionaire/cover.html> A n E M S a s s e s sm e n t t o o l d e v e lo p e d s p e c if i c a ll y f or c o ll e g e s a n d u n i v er s i t ie s, co n s i st i n g o f 3 3 q u es t i o ns p e r t a i n in g t o t h e e s s e nt i a l e l e m en t s of a n E M S ( p o l i cy, p la n n i ng, i m p l e m en t a t io n a nd o p er a t i on, c he c k i ng a n d c o r r e c t i v e a c t i o n, a n d m a n a g em e n t r e v i ew ). greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), assessment tool, C 2 E 2 C a mp u s C o n s o rt i u m f o r En v i r o n m e n t a l E xc e l l e n c e ( C 2 E 2 ) ( 2 0 0 0 b). T H E G R E E N B R I DG E V I S IO N. U n i v e r s i t y o f Ve r m o nt. <http://esf.uvm.edu/c2e2/greenbridge/index.html> D i sc u s s es t h e p r o po s e d d e v e lo p m e nt o f a n e xt e n s iv e c a m p u s g r e e ni n g k n o w l ed g e ba s e on t h e I n t e r n e t f o r U. S. a n d C a n a d ia n c ol l e g es a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s t h a t wi l l co o r d in a t e a n d pr o v i de a c ce s s t o i n fo r m a t i o n on a wi d e v a r i e t y o f t o p i cs, i nc l u d in g r eg u l a t o r y r e q u i r e m e n t s, b es t m a n a g e m e n t p r a c t i c es, a nd s u st a i n a b i l i t y e d u c a t i on. A p r o m is i n g a n d im p o r t a n t in i t i a t i v e. greening the campus, sustainability management, C 2 E 2 C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 1 9 9 3 ). E N V IR O N M E N T A L J U S T I C E A N D I N J US T I C E. Vi e n n a, V A : N a t i o n a l W i l dl i f e F e d e ra t i o n. A d dr e s s es t h e p r o bl e m s o f e nv i r o nm e n t a l i n ju s t i ce i n t h e co n t e xt o f h i g h er e d u c a t i on. I nc l u d es s u g g e s t io n s fo r c a m p u s e n v i r o n m e nt a l ju s t i ce p r oj e c t s, r e la t e d a r t i cl e s, i n s t it u t i on a l ca s e st u d i es, a nd a li s t of r e le v a n t r e s ou r c e s. greening the campus, environmental justice, case studies, Campus Ecology Program C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 1 9 9 4 ). C O M PO S T I NG. Vi e n n a, V A : N a t io n a l W i l d li f e Fe d e r at i o n. C o nt a i n s n u m er o u s a r t i cl e s di s c u ss i n g t h e pr i n c ip l e s a n d pr a c t ic e o f c o m po s t i ng, a nd o f fe r s s u g g e s t io n s fo r c om p o s t i n g pr o j e ct s o n c a m pu s. greening the campus, waste management, case studies, Campus Ecology Program 8 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 1 9 9 5 ). F O U R R S R E F US E, R E D UC E, R E U SE, A N D R E C Y C L E. V i e n n a, V A : Na t i o na l W il d l i fe F e de r a t io n. C o nt a i n s g u i de l i n es f o r d e s ig n i n g a n d i m p l em e n t in g c a m p u s w a s t e r e d u c t i o n p r o je c t s, n u m er o u s a r t i c l e s, i n st i t u t i o n a l c a s e s t u di e s, a n d a l i s t o f r e l e v a n t r es o u r ce s a nd c o nt a c t s. greening the campus, waste management, case studies, Campus Ecology Program C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 1 9 9 6 a ). A L T E R N A T IV E A ND S U S T A I N A BL E T R A NS P O R T A T I O N. V i e n n a, V A : Na t i o na l W il d l i fe F e de r a t io n. C o nt a i n s s e v er a l u s e f u l a r t ic l e s, i n s t i t u t io n a l c a s e s t u d ie s, a n d a l i s t o f r el e v a nt r e so u r c es a n d c o nt a c t s. greening the campus, transportation, case studies, Campus Ecology Program C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 1 9 9 6 b ). G R E E N S C A PE S. Vi e n n a, V A : N a t io n a l W i l d li f e Fe d e r at i o n. C o nt a i n s g u i de l i n es f o r e s t a b l i s hi n g a n a t iv e l a n d s c a p i n g p r o j ec t o n c a m pu s, nu m e r ou s a r t i c l es a n d i n st i t u t i o n a l c a s e s t u di e s, a n d a l i s t o f r e l e v a n t r es o u r ce s a nd c o nt a c t s. greening the campus, ecological landscaping, case studies, Campus Ecology Program C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 1 9 9 7 a ). C A M PU S W A T E R S H E D. Vi e n n a, V A : N a t io n a l W i l d li f e F e de r a t io n. C o nt a i n s a l is t o f r e c om m e n de d a ct i o n s, n u m e r o u s a r t ic l e s a n d in s t i t u t i o na l c a s e s t u d i e s, a n d a l is t o f r e co m m e nd e d r e s o u r c e s pe r t a in i n g t o c a m p u s w a t e r s h e d m a n a g e m e n t. greening the campus, water management, case studies, Campus Ecology Program C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 1 9 9 7 b ). S O C IA L L Y R E S PO N S I BL E I N V E S T I N G. Vi e n n a, V A : N a t i o n a l W i l dl i f e F e d e ra t i o n. P r ov i d e s r a t io n a l e a n d g u i d a n c e fo r e v a l u a t i n g a n i n st i t u t i o n ' s i n v es t m e nt p o li c i e s a n d p o r t fo l i o. C o nt a i n s s e v er a l u s e f u l a r t ic l e s, i n s t i t u t io n a l c a s e s t u d ie s, a n d a l i s t o f r el e v a nt r e so u r c es a n d c o nt a c t s. greening the campus, socially responsible investing (SRI), guidelines, case studies, Campus Ecology Program C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 1 9 9 8 ). E C O L O G I C A L B U I L D I N G D E S IG N. Vi e n n a, V A : N a t io n a l W i ld l i f e F e d e r a t i o n. C o nt a i n s s e v er a l u s e f u l a r t ic l e s a n d in s t i t u t i o na l c a s e s t u d i e s p e r t a i n i ng t o e c o l og i c a l b u i ld i n g d e s i g n, p r im a r i ly e n er g y - ef f i c ie n t de s i g n; a n e x c e ll e n t e n e r g y m a na g e m en t g u i d e en t i t le d " R e c i p e f o r a n E f f e c t i ve C a m p u s En e r g y C o n s e r v a ti o n Pr o g r a m " ; a n d a l i s t o f r el e v a nt r e so u r c es a n d c o n t a c t s. greening the campus, green building design, energy conservation, ecological landscaping, case studies, Campus Ecology Program C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 1 9 9 9 a ). B U Y IN G G R E E N T H E E A S Y W A Y. Vi e n n a, V A : N a t io n a l W i ld l i f e F e d e r a t i o n. C o nt a i n s s t e p- b y - st e p g u i d e li n e s f o r co n d u ct i n g a n e nv i r o nm e n t a l a s se s s m en t o f c a m pu s p u r c h a si n g p o li c y a n d p er f o r m a n c e, a n d f o r de v e l op i n g a n d im p l e m e n t i ng a l t e r n a t i v e s. A l s o p r o v i d e s n u m e r o u s r e la t e d a r t i cl e s a n d i ns t i t u t i o n a l c a se s t u d i e s, a n d a l i st o f r e l e v a n t r e s o u r c e s a n d c on t a c t s. greening the campus, "green" purchasing, assessment, guidelines, case studies, Campus Ecology Program C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 1 9 9 9 b ). H E A L T H Y F O O D F O R Y O U A N D T H E P L A NE T. Vi e n n a, V A : N a t i o n a l W i l dl i f e F e d e ra t i o n. C o nt a i n s a n in t r o du c t i on t o i s s u es o f d i e t a n d fo o d pr o d u ct i o n, a s ho r t li s t of g u id e l i ne s f or c a m p u s a c t i o n, n u m e r o u s u s e f u l a r t ic l e s a n d in s t i t u t i o na l c a s e s t u d i e s, a n d a l is t o f r e l ev a n t c o n t a c t s a n d r e so u r c es. greening the campus, food, guidelines, case studies, Campus Ecology Program CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 9

C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 2 0 0 0 ). C A M PU S E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT S Y S T E M S. V i e n n a, V A : Na t i o na l W il d l i fe F e de r a t io n. T h e f i r st p u bl i c a t i o n in t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s t o f oc u s sp e c i fi c a l ly o n e n v i r o n m e nt a l m a n a g em e n t s y s t em s i n h i g h er e d u c a t i on. D is c u s se s i m p o r t a n t e le m e n t s o f a c a m p u s E M S, a n d o ff e r s g u i d el i n e s f o r E M S i m pl e m e nt a t i on. I ss u e s a d d r es s e d i n c l u d e : cu l t i v a t i n g e n v ir o n m en t a l l e a d er s h i p, s e le c t i ng e n v i r o n m e n t a l/ s u s t a i n a bi l i t y p e r fo r m a nc e i nd i c a t o r s, a s s e ss i n g e n v i r o n m e nt a l pe r f o r m a n c e, s e t t i n g a p pr o p r ia t e g o a l s a n d ob j e c t i v e s, a n d i n t e g r a t i ng a n E M S in t o ex i s t in g m a n a g e m e n t fr a m e wo r k. A l s o i n cl u d e s i n t er v i e ws w i t h c a m p u s en v i r on m e n t a l m a n a g e m e n t st a f f, u s e fu l a r t i c l es, p ol i c y e x a m pl e s, a n d a n ex t e n si v e li s t of r e le v a n t r e s ou r c e s a n d c o n t a c t s. greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), guidelines, Campus Ecology Program C a mp u s Ec o l o g y P r o g r a m ( 2 0 0 1). S T A T E O F T H E C A M PU S E N V IR O N M E N T : A N A T IO N A L R E P OR T C A R D O N E N V IR O N M E N T A L P E R FO R M A NC E A ND S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y I N H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N. Na t i o na l W il d l i fe F e de r a t io n. <http://www.nwf.org/campusecology/stateofthecampusenvironment.cfm> Findings of a survey of the state of environmental management in the U.S. higher education sector. Provides a national picture of environmental performance in higher education, identifies "best practice" in environmental management and performance, and suggests context-specific environmental management and performance benchmarks. greening the campus, sustainability management, assessment, best practice, benchmarking, survey, Campus Ecology Program C a na d a O f f i c e o f En e r g y E f f ic i e n c y ( 1 9 9 9 ). E N E RG Y M A N A G E M E NT A C T IO N P L A N T E M PL A T E A N D G U I DE L I N E S C O L L E G E S E C T O R. A s s o c ia t i o n o f C a n a d ia n C o m m u n it y C o ll e g e s ( A C C C ). <http://www.accc.ca/energyefficiency/actions/emap.htm> A n a t t r a c t i v e, e a sy - t o - u s e, s t a n da r d i z e d t e m p l a t e w i t h g u i de l i n es f o r m o n it o r i ng, e v a l u a t i n g a n d i m pr o v i ng e n er g y pe r f o r m a n c e. U s ed b y C a n a di a n in s t i t u t i o ns r e g i s t e r e d i n C a n a d a ' s C l i m a t e C ha n g e V o lu n t a r y C h a l l e n g e a n d R e g is t r y ( V C R, I n c. ) a n d i n s t i t u t io n s en r o l le d i n t h e A C C C E n e r g y E f fi c i e nc y P r o g r a m. greening the campus, sustainability management, energy conservation, guidelines, ACCC C a na d a O f f i c e o f En e r g y E f f ic i e n c y ( 2 0 0 0 ). B E N CH M A R KI N G A N D B E S T P R A CT I C E G U I DE S F O R C O L L E G E F A C IL I T Y M A N A G E R S A N D F I N A N C E O F F IC E R S. A s s o c ia t i o n o f C a n a d ia n C o mm u n i t y C o ll e g e s ( A C C C ). <http://www.accc.ca/energyefficiency/best_practices/colleges_institutes.htm> T w o c o m pa n i o n g u i de s d es i g n ed t o a s s i st C a na d i a n h i g he r e du c a t io n i ns t i t u t i o n s i n ca l c u la t i n g t h e ir e n er g y be n c h m a r k pe r f o r m a n c e a n d c o m p a r i n g t h e i r p e r fo r m a nc e w it h o ne a n ot h e r. P r e se n t s f i nd i n g s o f a p i l ot e n er g y be n c h m a r k i ng s u r v e y of 8 2 C a n a di a n in s t i t u t i o ns t o d e t e r m i n e e n e r g y b e nc h m a r k p e r f o r m a n c e fo r t he s e ct o r. A l s o i n c l u d e s su g g e st i o n s o n pl a n n in g a n e n e r g y m a n a g e m e n t p r og r a m a n d t i p s fo r a ch i e v in g g oo d a nd b e st p r a c t i c e. T h is b e nc h m a r k i n g i n i t ia t i v e h a s i m p o r t a n t i m pl i c a t i o n s f o r a s s e s si n g su s t a in a b i li t y in h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n. greening the campus, energy conservation, climate protection, benchmarking, guidelines, best practice C a na d a ' s C l i ma t e C h a n g e V o l un t a r y C h a ll e n g e a n d R e g i st r y, I n c. ( 1 9 9 8 ). A N A C T IO N P L A N F O R R E D UC I N G G R E E N H O U SE G A S E M I SS I O N S. VC R, In c. <http://www.vcr-mvr.ca/registry\out\c1029-1998-pln.pdf> A st a n d a r d i z ed t e m p l a t e f o r m o n i t o r i n g, e v a l u a t in g a nd r e du c i n g g r e en h o u se g a s e m i ss i o n s. U s ed b y C a na d i a n i n s t i t u t io n s r e g i s t e r e d i n C a n a d a ' s C l im a t e C h a n g e V o lu n t a r y C h a l l e n g e a n d R e g is t r y ( V C R, I n c. ), in s u pp l e m en t t o t h e O f f i ce o f E n e r g y E f fi c i e nc y s E n e r g y M a na g e m en t A ct i o n P l a n. greening the campus, climate protection, energy conservation, reporting, assessment tool 10 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

C a rl s o n, A n d re a ( 19 9 2 ). T H E N I R S E N E RG Y A U D IT M A N UA L : HO W T O A U D IT C A M PU S, C I T Y A N D O T H E R B U I L D I N G S. W as h i n g t o n, D. C. : N u c le a r In f o r ma t i o n a n d R e s o ur c e Se r v i c e ( N IR S ). A cl e a r, c o m pr e h e ns i v e, s t e p- b y - st e p g u i d e t o a ss e s s in g e ne r g y p e r f or m a n ce o f c a m p u s b u il d i n g e n er g y sy s t e m s. I nc l u d es a s se s s m en t c he c k l is t s a n d d et a i l ed w o r k s h e et s c ov e r i ng a l l a s p ec t s of a b u il d i n g e n e r g y s ys t e m, d e s ig n e d t o e a s i ly e s t i m a t e t h e c o s t s a n d s a v i ng s o f s u g g e s t e d r e co m m e nd a t i on s. greening the campus, energy conservation, assessment, guide/manual C a rr e l l, S u z an n e El i z a be t h ( 1 9 9 5 ). T U R NI N G D A T A I N T O I N F OR M A T IO N : IM P RO V I N G T H E A C C UR A C Y A N D E F F IC I E N CY O F W A S T E A U D IT D A T A ( ma s t e r s t he s i s ). E n vi r o n me n t a l S t ud i e s P r o g ra m. Wa t e r lo o, C a n a d a: U n iv e r s it y o f W a t e r l o o. A m a s t e r ' s t he s i s o n i m p r o v in g s ol i d wa s t e a s s e ss m e n t m e t ho d o l og y. D r a w s e x t e ns i v e ly f r om e n v i r o n m e n t a l a u d it i n g a n d wa s t e a u d i t i n g li t e r a t u r e f r o m t h e pr i v a t e s e ct o r, a n d u s e s ob s e r v a t i o ns f r om t h e l i t er a t u r e t o s y s t em a t i ca l l y a n a l yz e a nd i m pr o v e a n e a r l i e r w a s t e a u di t i n g m o d el f o r t h e U n iv e r s it y o f W a t er l o o. greening the campus, assessment, waste management, thesis project C h e r n u s he n k o, D a v id ( 1 9 9 6 ). G R E E N I N G C A M PU S E S : EN V IR O N M E N T A L C I T IZ E N S HI P F OR C O L L E G E S A N D U N I V E R S I T I E S. O t t a w a, C a na d a : A s s o c i a t i o n o f C a n a di a n C o m m u ni t y C o ll e g e s ( A C C C ). A we l l - or g a n iz e d, c o m p r e h e n si v e pr i m e r o n g r e e n in g t he c a m p u s, d r a w in g f r o m e xp e r i en c e s a t h ig h e r e d u c a t i on i n st i t u t i o n s t h r o u g h o u t C a n a d a a nd t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s. D i s cu s s i on o f e a c h s u s t a i n a b il i t y c a t e g o r y c o v er e d in c l u de s a n i n t r o d u c t i o n t o t h e k e y i s s u es, a l i s t o f c om m o n o b s t a c l e s a n d t h e i r s o lu t i o ns, c a m p u s g r e e ni n g op p o r t u n i t ie s a nd b e ne f i t s, e x a m p l e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s, a li s t of r e le v a n t r e so u r c es, a nd a ca s e st u d y o f s u c c e s s. A p pe n d i ce s i nc l u d e e x a m p l e de c l a r a t i o ns a n d p o l ic i e s, a p r im e r on c a m p u s en v i r on m e n t a l i ss u e s, a n d a l i st o f c o n t a c t s a n d I nt e r n et r e so u r c es. A v a i l a bl e i n 3. 5 d i sk e t t e f o r m a t f r o m t he I n t e r n a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e f o r S u s t a i n a b le D e v e l o p m e n t ( I I S D ). greening the campus, guide/manual, assessment, ACCC C l ar k, C h a r l e s C. ( 2 0 0 0 ). C A M PU S E S M O V E T O W A R D S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y. P r io r i t ie s 1 4 ( S p r in g ). A n e x c e ll e n t i n t r od u c t io n t o t h e c a m p u s s u st a i n a b i l i t y m o v e m e n t w r i t t e n fo r t r u s t e es a n d c h i ef e x ec u t i v e s. Su m m a r i z e s t h e hi s t o r y a n d a i m s o f t h e c a m p u s s u s t a i n a b il i t y m o v e m e n t a n d d is c u s se s t h e m a n y b e n ef i t s o f i ns t i t u t i o n a l c o m m i t m en t t o s u s t a i n a bi l i t y s t e wa r d s hi p. A l s o a d d r e ss e s se v e r a l c o m m o n co n c e r n s a bo u t su s t a in a b l e d e v el o p m en t i n h i g he r e du c a t io n, a n d s u g g e s t s s e v e r a l a c t i on s t r u s t e e s a n d o t h e r s e n io r a dm i n i st r a t or s c a n t a k e t o u s e t h e i r s t r a t e g i c p o s i t i o n s t o f u r t h e r s u s t a i n a bl e d e v e l o p m e n t a t t h ei r o wn i n st i t u t i o n s. greening the campus, sustainability in higher education (SHE), financial savings/returns C l e a n A ir - C o o l Pl a n e t ( 2 0 0 1 ). C L E A N A I R - C O O L P L A NE T C A S E S T U DI E S. <http://www.cleanair-coolplanet.org/solutions-education.htm> F o u r c a se s t u d i e s d o c u m e n t i ng c l im a t e p r o t ec t i o n m e a su r e s t a k e n b y HE I s. greening the campus, climate protection, energy conservation, case studies C l ug s t o n, R i c h a r d a n d Wy n n C a l d e r ( 1 9 9 9 ). C R I T I C A L D I M E N S I O NS O F S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y I N H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N. S u st a i n ab i l i t y a n d U n i ve r s i t y L i fe : En v i r o n m e n t a l E du c a t io n, C o mm u n i c a t i o n a n d S u s t ai n a b il i t y. Wa l t e r L e a l F i l ho, e d. B e rl i n : P e t e r L a n g : 3 1-4 6. sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus, case studies, ULSF CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 11

C o ll e g e a n d Un i v e rs i t y R e c y c l i n g C o u n c i l ( C U R C ) ( 2 0 0 0 ). R E P OR T I N G S T A ND A R D S P R O J E C T. B r o w n U ni v e r si t y. <http://www.brown.edu/departments/brown_is_green/curc> R e po r t i ng t e m p l a t es i n t e n d e d t o st a n d a r d i z e r e p or t i n g o f r e c y c le d m a t e r i a l s d a t a i n t h e U. S. a n d C a na d i a n h i g he r e du c a t io n s ec t o r s. greening the campus, waste management, reporting C O PE R N I C U S ( 19 9 7 ). U N I V E R S I T Y C H A RT E R FO R S U S T A I N A BL E D E V E L O P M E N T. C O PE R N I C U S. <http://www.copernicus-campus.org/sites/charter_index1.html> D e cl a r a t i o n of t h e A s s oc i a t io n o f E u r op e a n U n i v er s i t ie s ( C R E ), u r g i ng h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n t o s u bs c r i be t o a n d im p l e m e n t 1 0 p r in c i p le s o f a c t io n. Th e d ec l a r a t i o n h a d 2 8 6 E u r o p e a n s i g n a t o r i e s a s o f J u n e 2 0 0 1. sustainability in higher education (SHE), declaration, guidelines C o rn e l l W o r k a n d En v i r o n m e n t I n i t i a t i ve ( W EI ) ( y e a r un k n o wn ). W O R KP L A C E E C O - A U D IT I N G. C o r n e l l U ni v e r si t y. <http://www.cfe.cornell.edu/wei/ecoaudit%20generic2.htm> E x pl a i n s a n a s s e s sm e n t p r o c es s d es i g n ed t o e n g a g e e m pl o y e es d i r e c t l y i n a c o m pr e h e ns i v e e v a l u a t i o n o f a n o r g a n i z a t i o n' s s u s t a i na b i l it y p er f o r m a n c e, b r i ng i n g t o g e t h e r is s u e s o f t h e e nv i r o nm e n t, w o r k p l a ce h e a l t h, a n d wo r k e r p r o du c t i v i t y. T h e ef f e c t i v e n es s o f t h i s s u s t a i n a bi l i t y p e r fo r m a nc e m a na g e m en t f r a m e w or k h a s b e en d e m o n s t r a t e d i n t he p r iv a t e s e c t or, a nd m a y p r o v e u s ef u l in a n a c a d e m i c s e t t i n g a s w e ll. I nc l u d es g u id e l i ne s f or e s t a b l i sh i n g a w o r k p l a ce e c o- a u d it i n g p r o g r a m. assessment, staff involvement, guidelines C o rt e s e, A n t ho n y D. ( 1 9 9 9 ). E D U CA T I O N F O R S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y : TH E U N I V E R S I T Y A S A M O D E L O F S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y. S e c o nd N a t u r e. <http://www.secondnature.org/about/about_president_online.html> A le a d e r i n t h e s u s t a i na b i l it y i n h i g he r e du c a t io n m ov e m e nt s u m m a r i z e s h is v i ew s r eg a r d in g h ig h e r e d u c a t i on s r o l e in m o v i n g so c i e t y t o wa r d su s t a in a b i li t y. O u t l in e s t h e e ss e n t ia l e le m e n t s o f e d u c a t i o n f o r s u s t a i n a bi l i t y ( E F S), a nd s t r e s s e s t h e p e d a g o g i c a l a n d s t r a t e g i c s i g ni f i c a n c e of g r ee n i n g a n i n st i t u t i o n s p r a ct i c e s. education for sustainability (EFS), sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus C r e i g h t o n, S ar a h Ha m m o nd ( 1 9 9 6 ). U S I NG S T U DE N T P R O J E C T S T O G R E E N T HE U N I V E R S I T Y. G r e e n i n g o f t h e C am p u s. R o be r t J. K o e s t e r, e d. M u nc i e, I N : B a l l St a t e U n iv e r s it y : 4 3-4 8. A u t h o r of G r e e n i n g t h e I v o r y T o w e r d r a w s f r o m h er e x pe r i e nc e s a t T u ft s U ni v e r si t y t o s u b s t a nt i a t e s e v e r a l f a c t or s t ha t i nf l u e nc e t he s u cc e s s o f c ou r s e - b a s e d c a m pu s g r e e n i ng p r oj e c t s. greening the campus, course-based projects, assessment, staff involvement, conference proceedings C r e i g h t o n, S ar a h Ha m m o nd ( 1 9 9 8 ). G R E E N I N G T H E I V O RY T O W E R : IM P RO V I N G T H E E N V IR O N M E N T A L T R A CK R E C OR D O F U N I V E R S I T I E S, C O L L E G E S, A N D O T H E R I N S T I T U T IO N S. C a m b r id g e, M A : MI T P re s s. A co m p r eh e n s iv e g u i d e t o g r ee n i n g t h e c a m p u s, r ev e a l in g a m a t u r e u n de r s t a n d i n g o f t h e p ol i t i ca l a nd e c on o m i c r e a li t i e s o f a n i n st i t u t i o n. G e n e r a l d is c u s si o n of c a m p u s g r e e n in g a dd r e s se s h ow a n i n st i t u t i o n wo r k s, c o m m o n b a r r i e r s t o e n v i r o n m e nt a l pr o g r es s, el e m e nt s o f s u c ce s s f u l e n v i r o n m e n t a l a c t i o n, a n d g a t h e r i n g a p p r o pr i a t e d a t a f o r a s s e ss m e n t. I n di v i d u a l c ha p t e r s e x pl o r e s p e c if i c is s u e s i n d e t a i l. E x c e ll e n t g e n e r a l a nd i s su e - s pe c i f ic i n fo r m a t i o n r e l a t ed t o t h e ca m p u s s u s t a i n a bi l i t y a s se s s m en t p r o c e s s a p p ea r s t h r o u g h o u t t h e bo o k. greening the campus, sustainability management, assessment, guide/manual 12 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

C r e i g h t o n, S ar a h Ha m m o nd a n d A n t ho n y D. C o rt e s e ( 1 9 9 2 ). E N V IR O N M E N T A L L I T E R A C Y A N D A C T IO N A T T U F T S U N I V E R S I T Y. T h e C a m pu s a nd E n vi r o n me n t a l R e s po n s i bi l i t y. Da v i d J. E a g a n a n d D a v i d W. O r r, e d s. Ne w D ir e c t io n s in H i g h e r Ed u c a t i o n, n o. 7 7. S an F r an c i s c o : J o ss e y - B a s s Pu b l i sh e r s : 1 9-3 0. D e sc r i b es t h e g o a ls a n d a p p r o a c h es t o g r e e ni n g t h e u ni v e r si t y t a k e n b y t wo t r a i l b l a z i n g p r o g r a m s a t T u ft s U ni v e r si t y t h e T u f t s E n v i r on m e n t a l L it e r a cy I n st i t u t e ( T E L I ) a n d T u f t s C L E A N! ( C oo p e r a t i o n, L e a r n i n g, a n d E n v i r o n m e nt a l A w a r e ne s s N o w! ). A d d r e s s e s t h e c h a ll e n g es e n co u n t er e d i n c o n d u c t i n g a c a m p u s s u s t a i n a b il i t y a s s e ss m e n t, a n d t h e T u f t s C L E A N! t ea m ' s n o t e wo r t h y r e sp o n s e t o t h e s e c h a l le n g e s. greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), assessment, case study D a hl e, Ma r i a nn e a nd E r ic N e um a y e r ( 2 0 0 1 ). O V E RC O M I NG B A R RI E R S T O C A M PU S G R E E N I N G : A S U R V E Y A M O NG H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N I N S T I T U T IO N S IN L O N DO N, UK. I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u rn a l o f S u st a i n ab i l i t y i n H i g h e r E d uc a t i o n 2 ( 1 ) : 13 9-1 6 0. greening the campus, energy conservation, waste reduction, survey D a ut r e m o n t - S mi t h, J u l i an ( 2 0 0 1 ). C O L L E G E C A R BO N F O O T P R I N T S : A R E V IE W O F T H E L I T E R A T U RE A N D I T S I M P L I C A T IO N S FO R A L E W IS & C L A RK C A R BO N I N V E N T O R Y. P r e s e n t e d a t : W e s t C o a st R e g i o n a l R e t re a t, J u l y 2 0-2 2, 2 0 0 1, h o s t e d b y S e c o n d N a t u re. greening the campus, climate protection, assessment, conference proceedings D a ve y, El i z a be t h, e t a l. ( 2 0 0 1 ). C O N NE C T I NG C A M PU S L I F E T O G L O BA L C L I M A T E C H A NG E. G r e e n i n g o f t h e C am p u s I V : Mo v i n g t o t h e M ai n s t re a m. R o be r t J. K o e s t e r, e d. M u nc i e, I N : B a ll S t at e U ni v e r si t y : 1 6 8-17 2. greening the campus, climate protection, assessment, case study, conference proceedings D a wr a n t, J o n at h a n ( 1 9 9 7 ). Q P IR G M C G I L L ' S G U I DE T O O R G A N I Z I NG A N D C A R RY I N G O U T A W A S T E A U D IT A T A N E D U CA T I O NA L I N S T I T U T IO N. Si e r r a Y o u t h C o al i t i o n. <http://www.sierrayouthcoalition.org/en_ca/suscamp/inititiatives/guideto1.htm> A st e p - by - s t ep g u id e t o p e r fo r m i ng a la r g e - s c a l e s o l id w a st e s t r e a m a n a l ys i s, i n c l u d i n g g u i d el i n e s f o r f i na n c i ng, p u b l i c it y, r e c r u it m e n t, c o nd u c t in g t he a n a l y s i s, a n d r e p or t i n g t h e f i n d in g s. greening the campus, waste management, assessment, guide/manual DECLARATION OF THESSALONIKI (1997). United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). <http://www.unesco.org/iau/fre/tfsd_thessaloniki.html> sustainability in higher education (SHE), declaration, guidelines D e la k o w it z, B e r n d a n d A n k e Ho f f m an n ( 19 9 9 ). T H E H O C HS C H U L E Z I T T A U / G Ö R L I T Z : G E R M A N Y ' S F I R ST R E G IS T E R E D E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT S Y S T E M ( E MA S ) A T U N I V E R S I T Y L E V E L. L u nd U n iv e r s it y. <http://www.lu.se/green-campus/emsu99/papers/delakowitz_emsu99.html> C a se s t u d y o f t h e f i r s t G e r m a n h ig h e r e d u c a t i o n i n s t it u t i on t o c o m p le t e t h e f u l l c yc l e of E M S r e q u i r e m e n t s s p e c if i e d i n t he E u r o p e a n C o m m i s s i on ' s E c o - M a n a g e m e n t a n d A u d i t Sc h e m e ( E M A S ). greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), case study, conference proceedings E a g a n, Da v i d J. ( 19 9 2 ). C A M PU S E N V IR O N M E N T A L S T E WA R D S HI P. T h e C a m pu s a nd E n vi r o n me n t a l R e s po n s i bi l i t y. Da v i d J. E ag a n an d D av i d W. O r r, e d s. N e w D i r e c t i o ns i n H i g h e r Ed u c a t i o n, n o. 7 7. S an F r an c i s c o : J o s s e y - B a s s P u b l is h e r s: 6 5-7 6. A n e a r l y a r t ic l e a d v o c a t i n g t h e u s e o f c o u r s e - b a s e d st u d e nt p r oj e c t s t o g r e e n t h e ca m p u s. D r a w s f r om e x pe r i e nc e s wi t h t h e C a m p u s E n v i r o n m e nt a l St e w a r d s h i p I n i t i a t i v e, a c o u r se - b a se d c a m p u s g r ee n i n g p r o g r a m a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f W i s c on s i n a t M a d i s o n. greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), course-based projects, assessment, case study CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 13

E a g a n, Da v i d J., e t a l. ( 1 9 9 6 ). W O R KI N G ON S M A L L W I N S: IN V OL V I N G S T U DE N T S A N D S T A FF I N C O L L A B O R A T I V E, C A M PU S - F O C US E D E N V IR O N M E N T A L R E S E A R C H A N D A C T IO N. G r e e n i n g o f t h e C am p u s. R o be r t J. K o e s t e r, e d. M u nc i e, I N : B a l l St a t e U n i v e r s i t y : 4 9-5 6. D r a w i n g f r o m e x p e r i e n c es w i t h c o u r s e - ba s e d c a m p u s g r ee n i n g p r o je c t s a t t he U n iv e r s it y o f W i sc o n s in a t M a d i so n, t h e a u t h o r s e x p la i n ho w t he p u r s u i t o f s m a l l wi n s ca n b e a p ow e r f u l l e a r n i n g e x pe r i e nc e f or e v er y o n e i n v ol v e d. U n i q u e a m o n g si m i l a r l i t e r a t u r e i n t h a t m u c h o f t h e m a t e r i a l c o m e s d ir e c t ly f r om s t u d e n t s t h e m s e l v es. greening the campus, course-based projects, assessment, staff involvement, case study, conference proceedings E a g a n, Da v i d J. a nd D a vi d W. O r r, e d s. ( 1 9 9 2 ). T H E C A M PU S A ND E N V IR O N M E N T A L R E S PO N S I BI L I T Y. Ne w D ir e c t io n s in H i g h e r Ed u c a t i o n, n o. 7 7. S an F r an c i s c o : J o s s e y - B a s s P u bl i s h e r s. A co l l e ct i o n o f a r t i c l es c o v e r i n g a v a r i e t y o f t o p i c s o n ca m p u s g r e en i n g a n d ot h e r a s p e ct s o f s u st a i n a b i l i t y i n h i g h er e d u c a t i on, u su a l l y d i s cu s s e d i n t h e c on t e x t o f a n i n st i t u t i o n a l c a s e s t u dy. greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), best practice, case studies E a g a n, Da v i d J. a nd J u li a n K e n i r y ( 1 9 9 8 ). G R E E N I N V E S T M E NT, GR E E N R E T UR N : HO W P R A CT I C A L C O N SE R V A T I O N P R O J E C T S S A V E M I L L I O N S O N A M E RI C A ' S C A M PU S E S. Vi e n n a, V A : N a t io n a l W i l d li f e Fe d e r at i o n. D o cu m e n t s t h e f i n a n c i a l b e n ef i t s o f c a m p u s g r e e ni n g pr o j e ct s a t h i g he r e du c a t io n i ns t i t u t i o n s a c r os s t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s. greening the campus, financial savings/returns, best practice, case studies, Campus Ecology Program E d g e r l y - R o o k s, J a ni c e an d A my S h ac h t e r ( 1 9 9 7 ). C O U RS E - B A S E D C A M PU S E N V IR O N M E N T A L A S S E S S M E NT P R O J E C T S. G r e e n i n g o f t h e C am p u s I I : Th e N e x t S t e p. R o be r t J. K o e s t e r, e d. M u nc i e, I N : B a l l St a t e U n i v e r s i t y : 8 5-8 8. P r of e s s or s a t S a n t a C l a r a U ni v e r si t y sh a r e t h e i r o b s er v a t io n s fr o m di r e c t i n g co u r s e- b a s ed c a m p u s g r ee n i n g p r o je c t s. T h e a u t h or s c on c l u de t h a t s u ch e x pe r i e nc e s ca n b e h i g hl y r ew a r d in g f or s t u d e n t s a n d, g i v e n p r o p e r a t t e nt i o n t o b u i l d i ng r e sp e c t a n d t r u s t b e t w ee n s t a f f, a d m i ni s t r a t i o n a n d ca m p u s s u st a i n a b i l i t y l e a d e r s, h a v e s i g ni f i c a n t c a m p u s g r e e ni n g po t e n t i a l. greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), course-based projects, assessment, case study,, conference proceedings E i ns t e i n, D a ni e l Fi l i p p ( 1 9 9 5 ). T H E C A M PU S E C O L O G Y R E S E A R C H P R O J E C T : A N E N V IR O N M E N T A L E D U CA T I O N C A S E S T U DY ( ma s t e r s t he s i s ). I n st i t u t e f o r E n v ir o n m e n t a l S t ud i e s. Ma d i s o n : U ni v e r si t y o f W i sc o n s in - M a di s o n. <http://www.fpm.wisc.edu/campusecology/cerp/thesis/contents.htm> A m a s t e r ' s t he s i s d o c u m e n t i ng i n d e t a il t h e p l a nn i n g, i m p le m e n t a t i o n a n d e v a l u a t i o n o f a n i n no v a t iv e u n de r g r a d u a t e e n v ir o n m en t a l e d u c a t i o n t e a c hi n g m o d e l f o c u si n g on c a m p u s g r e e n in g p r o j e c t s, h el d a t t h e Un i v e r s i t y o f W is c o n si n a t M a d is o n. greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), course-based projects, assessment, case study, thesis project E n g e l J r., W il l i a m T. ( 1 9 9 9 ). E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT S Y S T E M ( E MS ) A N D P E TE G R E E N C A M PU S I N I T I A T I V E. Un i v e rs i t y o f F lo r i d a T R E EO C e nt e r. <http://www.treeo.ufl.edu/environment/presentation/index.htm> S l id e p r e s e n t a t i o n d i s cu s s i ng e n v i r o n m e n t a l m a n a g e m e nt s y st e m s a n d t h e i r r o l e i n h ig h e r e d u c a t i o n a n d t h e U n i v er s i t y o f F l o r i da i n p a r t ic u l a r. greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), conference proceedings 14 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

E n vi r o n me n t C a n a d a ( 2 0 0 0 ). W O R KI N G Y O U R W A Y T O A G R E E N O F F IC E : A G U I DE T O C R E A T I N G A N E N V IR O N M E N T A L L Y F R I E N D L Y O F F IC E. E n vi r o n me n t C a n a d a. <http://www.ns.ec.gc.ca/udo/office/office.html> A co m p r eh e n s iv e g u i d e t o g r ee n i n g a n of f i c e. A d dr e s s es p a pe r u se, s u p p l i es a n d e q u ip m e n t, f o od, e n er g y a n d w a t e r co n s e r v a t i on, t r a n s p or t a t io n, pu r c h a s i n g, a n d m a n a g e m e n t. greening the campus, office practices, assessment, guide/manual E S S E X R E P OR T : WO R KS H O P O N T HE P R I NC I P L E S O F S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y I N H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N ( 19 9 5 ). S e c o n d N at u r e. <http://www.secondnature.org/programs/starfish/biblio.nsf/www/vbsnpub> D o cu m e n t r e s u l t i n g f r o m a w or k s h op t h a t b r ou g h t t o g e t h e r 3 2 e d u c a t o r s a n d o t h er p r of e s s io n a l s f r om a c r o s s t h e U ni t e d S t a t es t o d i s c u s s t he p r in c i p le s o f s u s t a i n a bi l i t y, a n d h o w t o b es t i nc o r p or a t e t h em i n t o h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n. D i s c u s s e s t h e r o l e of h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n in a c hi e v i ng a su s t a in a b l e s o c ie t y, e d u c a t i on f o r s u s t a i n a bi l i t y ( E F S) c o nt e n t, t h e i n s t it u t i on a l ch a n g es n e ce s s a r y t o s u p p or t E F S, a nd s t r a t e g ie s f or i m pl e m e nt i n g t h e s e c h a ng e s. R e p o r t r e co m m e nd a t i on s b u i l d on t w o e a r li e r do c u m en t s, t h e T a l lo i r e s D e c la r a t io n a nd t h e B l u ep r i n t f o r a G r ee n C a m p u s, a n d w e r e p r e s en t e d t o t he U. S. P r es i d e nt ' s C o u n c il f o r S u s t a i n a bl e D ev e l o pm e n t. sustainability in higher education (SHE), education for sustainability (EFS), greening the campus, guidelines, conference proceedings F e rg u s o n, D a ve ( 2 0 0 0 ). D E M ON S T R A T I N G S T EL L A SO F T W A R E M O D E L I N G A S A B A S IS F O R C A M PU S E C O L O G I C A L F O O T P R I N T I N G ( un p u b li s h e d r e p o r t ). M u n c ie, I N: B a ll S t at e U n iv e r s it y. greening the campus, assessment F i lh o, Wa l t e r L e a l, e d. ( 1 9 9 9 ). S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y A N D U N I V E R S I T Y L I F E. En v i r o n m e n t a l E d uc a t i o n, C o m m u n ic a t i o n a n d S u s t a i n a bi l i t y S e r ie s. Ne w Y o r k : Pe t e r L a n g S c i e nt i f i c P u bl i s h e r s. A co l l e ct i o n o f c r it i c a l e s s a y s a nd c a se s t u d i e s f r o m N o r t h A m e r i c a n, E u r op e a n a n d A f r i c a n u n iv e r s it i e s a d d r es s i n g i s s u e s o f s u s t a i n a bi l i t y i n hi g h e r e d u ca t i o n. sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus, sustainability management, case studies Finlay, Jennifer, Rick Bunch and Brian Neubert (1998). G R E Y P I N ST R I P E S W I T H G R E E N T I E S: M B A P R O GR A M S W H E RE T H E E N V IR O N M E N T M A T T E R S. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute (WRI). education for sustainability (EFS), assessment, report, survey F i nl a y, J e n n if e r, R i c k B u n c h a n d K a v i t a P r ak a s h - M a n i ( 2 0 0 0 ). B E Y ON D G R E Y P I N ST R I P E S : P R E PA R I N G M B A S FO R S O C IA L A ND E N V IR O N M E N T A L S T E WA R D S HI P. Wa s h i ng t o n, D. C.: W o rl d R e s o u r c e s I ns t i t ut e ( WR I ). education for sustainability (EFS), assessment, report, survey F l in t, K a t e ( 2 0 0 1 ). I N S T I T U T IO N A L E C O L O G I C A L F O O T P R I N T A N A L Y S I S : A C A S E S T U DY O F T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W CA S T L E, A U S T R A L I A. I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u rn a l o f S u st a i n ab i l i t y i n H i g h e r Ed u c a t i o n 2 ( 1 ) : 4 8-6 2. greening the campus, assessment, case study CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 15

F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e ( 19 9 8 ). E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT S Y S T E M S G U I DE. L o n d o n: F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e. A sy s t e m a t i c g u i d e t o es t a b li s h i ng a n d i m p le m e n t i n g a n e n v i r o n m e n t a l m a n a g e m e nt s y st e m a t a c o ll e g e o r u ni v e r si t y. M a k e s a c a s e f or e s t a b l i sh i n g a n E M S ; o u t l i n es t h ei r h is t o r y a n d d e v e lo p m e nt t h r o u g h ou t t he p u bl i c a n d p r i v a t e s e c t o r s ; a n d di s c u ss e s 1 5 e s se n t i a l s t ep s f or i m pl e m e nt i n g a n E M S, i n cl u d i ng g u id e l i ne s f or p l a n n i n g, p r ep a r i ng, a nd i m pl e m e nt i n g a c a m p u s su s t a in a b i li t y a s s e s sm e n t. D r a w s s u b s t a nt i a l ly f r om I S O 1 4 0 0 1 a n d E M A S s t a nd a r d s. greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), guide/manual, ISO 14000, EMAS, HE 21 Project F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e ( 19 9 8-9 9 a ). B E S T P R A CT I C E B U L L E T I N S. L o n d o n: F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e. A se r i e s o f ei g h t i s s u e- s p e ci f i c b u l l et i n s h i g h li g h t in g b es t p r a c t i ce s i n c o l le g e s a n d u n i v e r s i t i es i n t h e U n it e d K i n g d om. E a c h b u l l e t in d i sc u s s es a n i s s u e a n d o f f e r s a ch e c k li s t of b e st p r a c t i c e i d e a s w i t h s u pp o r t in g i ns t i t u t i o n a l e x a m p l e s. ( B u l l e t in s : Bi o d i v e r s i t y, S u s t a i na b i l it y C om m u n ic a t i on s, C o m m u n i t y L e a r n i n g, R e so u r c e E f f ic i e n cy, P u r c h a si n g, W a s t e, T r a n s p o r t, S t u d e n t s ) greening the campus, best practice, case studies, HE 21 Project F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e ( 19 9 8-9 9 b ). T R A IL B L A Z E R S T O RI E S. L o n d o n: F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e. S i x e x c el l e n t c a s e s t u di e s hi g h l ig h t i ng b e st p r a c t i c es i n s u s t a i n a b le d e v e l o p m e n t a m o n g c o l l eg e s a n d u n iv e r s it i e s i n t he U n it e d K i n g d om. ( I n s t i t u t i o ns f e a t u r e d: C h el t e n ha m a nd G l ou c e s t e r C ol l e g e o f H i g h e r E d u c a t i o n, S u r r ey I n st i t u t e o f A r t a n d D es i g n, U n i v e r s i t y o f N o r t h L o n do n, Un i v e r s i t y o f E d in b u r g h, U ni v e r si t y of S u nd e r l a n d, a n d L iv e r p oo l J oh n M oo r e s U n i v er s i t y) greening the campus, sustainability in higher education (SHE), best practice, case studies, HE 21 Project F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e ( 19 9 9 ). H E 2 1 S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y I N D IC A T O RS M E N U. L o n d o n: F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e. A se t o f s u s t a i n a bi l i t y i n d ic a t o r s f o r c o l le g e s a n d u n i v e r s i t i es i n t h e Un i t e d K i n g d o m, d e v e lo p e d t h r o u g h a n e xt e n s iv e c on s u l t a t i o n p r o ce s s in v o l v i n g a w i d e r a n g e o f s t a k eh o l d er s f r o m 2 5 i n st i t u t i o n s. C o n si s t s o f 1 9 " h e a d l i n e" i n di c a t or s g en e r a l i n d ic a t o r s i n t e n d e d f o r s e n i or m a na g e m en t a nd 4 0, m o r e s p e ci f i c " o p e r a t i o na l " in d i c a t o r s i n t e nd e d fo r o pe r a t io n s st a f f. T h e h e a d l i n e i n d ic a t o r s m e nu a p pe a r s w i t h s e v e r a l m od i f i ca t i o ns i n A l i K h a n, 1 9 9 9. sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus, assessment, indicators, HE 21 Project F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e a nd S u st a i n ab l e De v e l o p m e n t E d u c a t i o n P a n e l ( 1 9 9 8 ). C U R RI C U L UM A U D IT S. L o n d o n: F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e. F o u r d o cu m e n t s r e po r t i ng t h e f i n di n g s o f a n a t i on a l su r v e y o f su s t a in a b i li t y cu r r i cu l u m i n e n g i n e e r i n g, d e s i g n, b u s i n e ss a n d t e a ch e r ed u c a t i o n pr o g r a m s a t c o l le g e s a n d u n i v e r s i t i es i n t h e U n it e d K i n g d om. S u r v e y f i n d in g s le d t o t h e d e v e lo p m e nt o f c o r e s u s t a i n a b il i t y l e a r ni n g sp e c i fi c a t io n s f o r t h e s a m e f o u r a r e a s. Q u es t i o nn a i r e f o r m s i n cl u d e d a r e p o t e nt i a l ly u s ef u l cu r r i cu l u m a s s e ss m e n t t o ol s. education for sustainability (EFS), curriculum, assessment, survey, HE 21 Project F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e, e t a l. ( 1 9 9 9 ). S U S T A I N A BL E D E V E L O P M E N T E D U CA T I O N S P E CI F I C A T I O N S. L o n d o n: F o ru m f o r t h e F u t ur e. U n de r g r a d u a t e s u s t a i n a bi l i t y c u r r i c u l u m s p ec i f i ca t i o ns c o v e r i n g t h e c o r e s u s t a i n a b il i t y l e a r ni n g a g en d a fo r b u s i n e ss, e ng i n e er i n g, d e s ig n a nd t e a c h e r e d u c a t i o n. T h e r e s u lt o f a n a t i o n a l c u r r i c u l u m s u r v e y of c o ll e g e s a n d u n i v er s i t ie s i n t h e U n i t ed K i ng d o m. U s e fu l c r i t e r ia f o r e v a lu a t i ng c u r r i c u la. education for sustainability (EFS), curriculum, guidelines, HE 21 Project G H G P r o t o c o l I n i t ia t i v e ( 2 0 0 0 ). G R E E N H O U SE G A S E M I SS I O N S C A L CU L A T IO N T O O L S. GH G P r o t o c o l I n i t i a t i ve. <http://www.ghgprotocol.org/standard/tools.htm> greening the campus, climate protection, assessment tool 16 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

G i lm o u r, B o b a n d He l e n M a n n s ( 2 0 0 1 ). A PR A CT I C A L G U I DE T O W A S T E M A N A G E M E NT F O R U N I V E R S I T I E S A N D C O L L E G E S. H e ad i n g t o n, UK : E nv i r o nm e n t al A s so c i a t i o n fo r U ni v e r si t i e s a n d C o l le g e s ( E A U C ). greening the campus, waste management, guidelines, assessment, best practice, case studies G l o b a l En v i r o n m e n t a l M an a g e me n t In i t i at i v e ( G E M I) ( 1 9 9 2 ). E N V IR O N M E N T A L S E L F- A S S E S S M E NT P R O GR A M ( E SA P ). GE M I. <http://www.gemi.org/sap_102.pdf> U s es t h e 1 6 E n v i r on m e n t a l M a n a g e m e n t P r i n c ip l e s o f t he I n t e r n a t i o n a l C h a m b e r of C o m m e r c e ( I C C ) a s b e n ch m a r k s f o r m e a su r i n g e n v ir o n m en t a l p e r f or m a n ce. P r o v i d es h e lp f u l i d e a s f o r a s s e ss i n g a n d d e v el o p i ng m a na g e m en t p r o g r a m s a n d i m p r o v i n g e n v ir o n m en t a l p e r f or m a n ce. T hi s a nd o t he r G E M I p u bl i c a t i o n s c o n t r i b u t ed t o t h e de v e l op m e n t o f a h i g he r e du c a t io n - s pe c i f ic E M S s e l f- a s se s s m en t g u i d e by t h e C a m pu s C on s o r t i u m fo r E nv i r o nm e n t a l E x ce l l e nc e. sustainability management systems (SMS), assessment, guidelines, C 2 E 2 G l o b a l En v i r o n m e n t a l M an a g e me n t In i t i at i v e ( G E M I) ( 1 9 9 3 ). T O T A L Q U A L I T Y E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT : TH E P R I M E R. GE M I. <http://www.gemi.org/tqe_101.pdf> A co n c i se g u id e t o t o t a l q u a l i t y e n v i r o n m e nt a l m a n a g em e n t ( T Q E M ). I nc l u d es g u id e l i ne s f or i m pl e m e nt i n g a T Q E M p r og r a m. sustainability management systems (SMS), guidelines G l o b a l R e p o r t i n g In i t i at i v e ( G R I ) ( 2 0 0 0 ). S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y R E P OR T I N G G U I DE L I N E S O N E C O NO M I C, EN V IR O N M E N T A L, A N D S O C IA L P E R FO R M A NC E. GR I. <http://www.globalreporting.org/guidelines> T h e f i r st g l ob a l fr a m e wo r k fo r c om p r e he n s i v e s u st a i n a b i l i t y r e po r t i ng. A p r o d u c t o f t h e G l o b a l R e po r t i ng I n it i a t iv e ( G R I ), l a u n ch e d by t h e C o a li t i o n f o r E n v i r o n m e nt a l l y R e s po n s i bl e E co n o m ie s ( C E R E S ). P r o v i d e s g u i d a n c e on t h e p r i nc i p l es o f s u s t a i n a b il i t y r e p o r t i n g, r e p or t c on t e n t, a n d d e v e l o p in g s u s t a i na b i l it y p er f o r m a n c e i n d i ca t o r s. sustainability management, reporting, indicators, guidelines G o o d C o mp a n y ( 2 0 0 1). S U S T A I N A BL E P A T HW A Y S T O O L K I T FO R U N I V E R S I T I E S A N D C O L L E G E S : SO C IA L A ND E N V IR O N M E N T A L I N D IC A T O RS F O R C A M PU S E S. Go o d C o m p a ny. <http://www.goodcompany.cc/toolkit> T h e f i r st e l a b o r a t e d s et o f s u s t a i n a b il i t y i n d i ca t o r s d e s ig n e d f o r a g e n er a l hi g h e r e d u ca t i o n s e t t i n g. T h e 2 3 in d i c a t o r s p r o p os e d sp a n t h r e e s p h e r e s o f i m p a c t en v i r on m e n t, hu m a n r e s o u r c e s, a n d c om m u n it y c or e a nd f u nc t i o n a n d a r e e a c h p r o v id e d wi t h de t a i le d d es c r i pt i o n s a n d m u l t ip l e - s t a g e b en c h m a r k s. T h i s i s t he f i r s t o f a s er i e s o f a nt i c i pa t e d C S A - r e l a t ed r e so u r c es b y G o o d C o m p a n y. greening the campus, assessment tool, indicators, benchmarks G r ay, K at h l e e n ( 1 9 9 6 ). O F F IC E G R E E N B U Y IN G G U I DE. Wa s h i ng t o n, D. C.: G r e e n S e a l, In c. D i sc u s s es t h e f u n da m e n t a l s of " g r e e n " o f f i ce p u r c h a s in g, a n d h ow t o d e v e lo p a n e f f ec t i v e " g r ee n " o f fi c e pu r c h a s i n g p r o g r a m. A l s o pr o v i de s d et a i l ed g u id a n c e a n d a s e t o f ch e c k li s t s f o r a s s e s si n g e n v i r o n m e n t a l p e r fo r m a nc e o f c u r r e n t pu r c h a s e s, p r o d u c t a lt e r n a t i v e s, a n d s u p pl i e r s. A p pe n d i ce s i n cl u d e a n e xt e n s iv e l is t o f o f f ic e p r o d u c t s r e co m m e nd e d a n d / o r c e r t i f i e d b y G r e e n S e a l. greening the campus, "green" purchasing, office practices, guide/manual, assessment G r e e n D e s t i n y C o u nc i l ( 2 0 0 0 ). G R E E N D E S T I N Y : R E A CH I N G C O N SE N S U S O N P E N N S T A T E ' S E C O L O G I C A L M I S SI O N. P e n n S t a t e U n i ve r s i t y. < http://www.bio.psu.edu/greendestiny/publications.shtml> sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus, sustainability management, case study CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 17

G r e e n D e s t i n y C o u nc i l ( f o r t hc o m i ng ). A W A KE N I N G T O L I F E : TH E U P P E R C L A SS M E N O R I E N T A T IO N G U I DE. Pe n n St a t e U n i v e r s i t y. <http://www.bio.psu.edu/greendestiny/projects.shtml> greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), guide/manual G r e e n S e a l, In c. an d U ni v e r si t y o f M a ry l a n d C e n t e r f o r G l o b a l C h a n g e ( 1 9 9 4 ). C A M PU S G R E E N B U Y IN G G U I DE. Wa s h i ng t o n, D. C.: G r e e n S e a l, In c. D i sc u s s es t h e f u n da m e n t a l s of " g r e e n " p u r c ha s i n g a n d h o w t o d e v e l o p a n e ff e c t iv e " g r e e n " p u r c h a s in g p r o g r a m. greening the campus, "green" purchasing, guide/manual H A L IF A X D E C L A R A T IO N, TH E ( 19 9 1 ). I n t e r n a t io n a l I n s t it u t e f o r Su s t a in a b l e D e v e l o p m e n t ( I IS D ). <http://iisd1.iisd.ca/educate/declare.htm> D e cl a r a t i o n pr o d u ce d b y t h e 1 9 9 1 C o n f er e n c e o n Un i v e r s i t y A c t i on f o r S u s t a i n a bl e D ev e l o pm e n t, w h ic h b r o u g h t t o g et h e r u n i v er s i t y p r e si d e n t s a n d s e n io r o ff i c i a l s f r o m g ov e r n m e n t s, t h e b u s i ne s s c o m m u n i t y, a nd N G Os f r om f i v e c o nt i n e nt s i n a n ef f o r t t o de t e r m i n e t h e r ol e o f h i g he r e du c a t io n i n i m pr o v i ng t h e c a p a c i t y o f c ou n t r ie s t o a d d r e s s su s t a in a b l e d e v el o p m en t i ss u e s. A n o t h e r do c u m en t t o e m er g e fr o m t h e H a l i f a x C o n fe r e n ce, C r e a t i n g a C o m m o n F u t u re : A n A c t io n P l a n f o r U n iv e r s it i e s, bu i l d s o n t h e de c l a r a t i o n' s s ev e n r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s. sustainability in higher education (SHE), declaration, guidelines H a rd i, Pe t e r a n d Te r r e nc e Z da n ( 19 9 7 ). T H E B E L L A G I O P R I NC I P L E S F O R A S S E S S M E NT. A s se s s i ng S u st a i n ab l e De v e l o p m e n t : P r in c i p le s i n P r a c t i c e. In t e r na t i o na l I ns t i t ut e f o r S u st a i n ab l e De v e l o p m e n t ( I I SD ). <http://iisd.ca/pdf/bellagio.pdf> T e n p r i nc i p l es f o r a s s es s i n g s u s t a i n a bl e d ev e l o pm e n t, r e s u l t i n g f r o m a n I I S D - le d i nt e r n a t i o n a l i n it i a t iv e t o s y n t h e s i z e i n si g h t s f r o m a l l s e c t or s c on c e r ni n g be s t pr a c t ic e i n a s s es s i n g s u s t a i n a bl e d e v e l o p m e n t. T h e pr i n c ip l e s a d d r es s f ou r a r e a s of c o nc e r n : e s t a b l i s hi n g a v i s io n a nd g o a l s, a s se s s m en t c on t e n t, t h e a s s es s m e nt p r oc e s s, a n d e s t a bl i s h in g a c a p a ci t y fo r o ng o i n g a s s es s m e nt. sustainable development (SD), assessment, guidelines, IISD H e in z F am i l y F o u n da t i o n ( 1 9 9 5 ). B L U E P R I N T F O R A G R E E N C A M PU S : TH E C A M PU S E A R T H S U M M I T I N I T I A T I V E S F OR H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N. C e n t e r f o r E n v i ro n m e nt a l C i t i z e n s h i p ( C EC ). <http://www.envirocitizen.org/cgv/blueprint/index.html> A se t o f c a m pu s g r e e n i ng r e co m m e nd a t i on s p r o d u c ed b y p a r t ic i p a nt s i n t h e m o m e nt o u s 1 9 9 4 C a m p u s E a r t h S u m m it h e ld a t Y a l e U n i v er s i t y. T h is w e ll - o r g a n i z ed d o cu m e n t p r o v i d e s r a t i on a l e f o r e a ch o f 1 0 r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s, a n d o u t li n e s i m p l em e n t a t i o n s t r a t e g i e s s p e ci f i c t o e a c h s t a k e h ol d e r g r ou p. greening the campus, guidelines H e in z e - Fr y, J a n e ( 1 9 9 4 ). G R E E N L I V E S, GR E E N C A M PU S E S. B e l m o nt, C A : W a ds w o r t h. A u n i q u e a c t iv i t y m a n u a l d e si g n e d f o r a c o ll e g e c o u r se, a dd r e s si n g en v i r on m e n t a l i ss u e s i n t he c o nt e x t o f i nd i v i du a l li f e s t y l e s a n d ca m p u s p r a ct i c e s. E a ch c h a p t e r c o v e r s o n e f o c u s a r ea a n d f o l lo w s t h e s a m e f o r m a t, sy s t e m a t i c a l l y g u i d i ng t h e s t u de n t t h r o u g h a se l f - a s s e s sm e n t a n d su b s e q u e n t ly a c a m p u s a s s e s sm e n t. A s s es s m e nt s t a g e s in c l u de c o ll e c t in g d a t a, id e n t if y i n g p r o bl e m s, d e v el o p i ng a n d e v a l u a t in g a lt e r n a t i v e p r o p os a l s, a n d c r e a t i n g a n a c t i o n pl a n. E x t e ns i v e b i b l io g r a ph y p r o v i d ed. greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), course-based projects, assessment, guide/manual 18 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

H e mi n g w ay, T o m ( 1 9 9 7 ). A S S E S S I N G Y O U R L O C A L F O O D S Y S T E M. S t ra t e g ie s, Po l i c y A p pr o a c he s, an d R e s o u r c e s f o r L o c a l F o o d S y s t e m P l a n ni n g an d O rg a n i z i n g : A R e so u r c e G u id e. K e n n e t h A. D a h l be r g, K a t e C l a n c y, R o b e r t L. W il s o n, J a n O ' D o nn e l l a n d To m H e mi n g w ay, e ds. W e s t e r n M i c hi g a n U n i v e r s i t y. <http://unix.cc.wmich.edu/~dahlberg> greening the campus, food, assessment, guidelines H e rr e m a ns, I re n e an d D av i d E. A l lw r i g ht ( 2 0 0 0 ). E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT S Y S T E M S A T N O R T H A M E RI C A N U N I V E R S I T I E S : WH A T D R I V E S G O O D P E R FO R M A NC E? I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u rn a l o f S u st a i n ab i l i t y i n H i g h e r E d uc a t i o n 1 ( 2 ) : 14-1 7. <http://www.ucalgary.ca/uofc/departments/uemc/education_and_training.htm> D i sc u s s es t h e f i n di n g s a n d im p l i ca t i o ns o f a s u r v e y of e n v i r o n m e n t a l m a n a g e m e nt s y st e m s a t N o r t h A m er i c a n c o l le g e s a n d u n i v e r s i t i es ; d r a w s r e l a t io n s h ip s b et w e e n E M S c h a r a c t e r is t i c s a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l p e r fo r m a nc e. greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), survey H i g h e r Ed u c a t i o n Fu n d i ng C o un c i l f o r En g l a nd ( H EF C E ), e t al. ( 19 9 6 a ). E N E RG Y M A N A G E M E NT S T U DY I N T H E H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N S E C T O R : NA T IO N A L R E P OR T. B r i s t o l, U K : H E F C E. D i sc u s s es t h e f i n di n g s o f a n a t i on a l en e r g y m a n a g e m e nt s u r v e y of c o ll e g e s a n d u n i v er s i t ie s i n t h e U n it e d K i n g d om. I nc l u d es a de t a i le d e ne r g y m a n a g e m e n t p r o g r a m im p l e m e n t a t i o n ch e c k li s t. F i r s t d o cu m e n t i n a t h r ee - p a r t s e r i e s a l s o in c l u di n g a n e n er g y m a n a g em e n t r e v i ew g u id e a nd e n er g y m a na g e m en t b en c h m a r k i n g s o f t w a r e. greening the campus, sustainability management, energy conservation, best practice, guidelines, HEFCE H i g h e r Ed u c a t i o n Fu n d i ng C o un c i l f o r En g l a nd ( H EF C E ), e t al. ( 19 9 6 b ). E N E RG Y M A N A G E M E NT S T U DY I N T H E H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N S E C T O R : MA N A G E M E NT R E V IE W G U I DE. B r is t o l, U K : H E F C E. A u s e f u l g u i de t o a s s e ss i n g e n e r g y m a na g e m en t a nd p e r f o r m a n c e, p r o v id i n g s t e p - b y - s t e p i ns t r u ct i o n s a n d s e v er a l a s s e s sm e n t t o o l s. S e co n d do c u m en t i n a t hr e e - pa r t se r i e s a l s o i n c lu d i n g a n a t i o n a l r e po r t o n e n e r g y m a na g e m en t a t c o l le g e s a n d u n i v e r s i t i es i n t h e Un i t e d K i n g d o m a n d e ne r g y m a n a g e m e n t b e nc h m a r k i n g s o f t wa r e. greening the campus, sustainability management, energy conservation, assessment, guide/manual, HEFCE H i g h e r Ed u c a t i o n Fu n d i ng C o un c i l f o r En g l a nd ( H EF C E ), e t al. ( 19 9 6 c ). E N E RG Y M A N A G E M E NT B E N CH M A R KI N G S O F T W A R E ( E MB S ) F O R W I N DO W S ( V e rs i o n 1. 0 ). B r i st o l, U K : H E F C E. A u s e r - fr i e n dl y c om p u t er p r og r a m f o r ca l c u la t i n g s i t e- s p e ci f i c e n e r g y p e r f o r m a n c e be n c h m a r k s. A v a lu a b l e a s s es s m e nt a n d i n f or m a t io n m a n a g e m e n t t o o l fo r e ne r g y m a n a g e m e n t p e r so n n e l a t a c o l le g e o r u n i v er s i t y. P a r t o f a s e t o f r e s o u r c e s a l s o in c l u di n g a n a t io n a l r e p o r t o n e n e r g y m a na g e m en t a t c o ll e g e s a n d u n i v er s i t ie s i n t h e U n i t ed K i ng d o m a n d a m a n a g e m e nt r e v i e w g u i d e. greening the campus, sustainability management, energy conservation, assessment, benchmarking, HEFCE H i g h e r Ed u c a t i o n Fu n d i ng C o un c i l f o r En g l a nd ( H EF C E ) ( 1 9 9 8 a ). E N V IR O N M E N T A L R E P OR T. H E FC E. <http://www.hefce.ac.uk/pubs/hefce/1998/98_61.htm> S u m m a r i z e s t he f i nd i n g s o f a p i l ot e n v i r o n m e n t a l a s s es s m e nt p r oj e c t i n v o lv i n g s i x hi g h e r e d u ca t i o n i n st i t u t i o n s i n t he U n it e d K i n g d om. A c o m p a n i o n t o t he e x ce l l e nt H E F C E E nv i r o nm e n t a l W o r k b o o k. greening the campus, assessment, HEFCE CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 19

H i g h e r Ed u c a t i o n Fu n d i ng C o un c i l f o r En g l a nd ( H EF C E ) ( 1 9 9 8 b ). E N V IR O N M E N T A L W O R KB O O K. B r i s t o l, U K : H E FC E. A c co m p a ny i n g w o r k bo o k t o a Hi g h e r E d u ca t i o n F u n di n g C o u n c il f o r E n g la n d ( H E F C E ) r e po r t s u m m a r i z i n g t h e f in d i n g s o f a p i lo t e nv i r o nm e n t a l a s se s s m en t p r o j e c t i n v ol v i n g s i x h i g h er e d u c a t i on i n st i t u t i o n s i n t he U n it e d K i n g d om. P a r t i c u l a r l y a p p r o p r i a t e f or m a na g e m en t a nd o p er a t i on s s t a f f. I n cl u d e s a n in s t i t u t i o na l s el f - a ss e s s m e n t wo r k s he e t. greening the campus, sustainability management, assessment, guide/manual H o g a n, B a r b an d T e d F l an i g a n ( 1 9 9 6 ). S T A T E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W Y O R K A T B U F FA L O : C O M PR E H E NS I V E E N E RG Y A ND R E S OU R C E M A N A G E M E NT, PR O FI L E # 1 2 4. S UN Y - B uf f a l o. <http://wings.buffalo.edu/ubgreen/content/programs/energyconservation/reportenergyconsv.html> A detailed examination of the outstanding energy and resource conservation program at the State University of New York at Buffalo. greening the campus, sustainability management, energy conservation, case study H o wa r d Hu g h e s M e d ic a l In s t i t u t e ( H H M I ) ( 2 0 0 0 ). M A N A G I N G H A Z A R D O U S W A S T E S I N A C A DE M I C R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T IO N S. HH M I. <http://www.hhmi.org/science/labsafe/projects/hazwaste.html> R e po r t s t h e fi n d i ng s o f a c om p r e he n s i v e p r oj e c t t o i de n t i fy a n d i m p le m e n t b e s t p r a ct i c e s f o r m a na g i n g h a z a r d o u s w a s t e s i n m a j or a c a d e m i c r e s ea r c h i n s t it u t i on s. E l e m e nt s o f a n ef f e c t i v e E M S f o r h a z a r d o u s w a s t e s, a n d a s e t of 1 4 " c o n se n s u s" b e st p r a c t i c es, e m e r g e d f r o m a w or k s h op e n g a g i n g r e pr e s e nt a t i v e s f r o m t he 1 0 p a r t ic i p a t i n g in s t i t u t i o ns, g ov e r n m e n t, a n d t h e p r i v a t e s e c t o r. Th e f in a l p h a s e w il l t es t t he e f fe c t i v e n e s s o f t h e p a r t i c ip a t i ng i n st i t u t i o n s h a z a r d o u s w a s t e m a na g e m en t p r og r a m s o v e r a 1 2 - m o n t h p e r i o d. A f i na l r ep o r t i s e xp e c t ed s o on. greening the campus, sustainability management, hazardous substances, guidelines, best practice H u c k l e, J o h n a n d St e p h e n S t e r l i n g, e d s. ( 1 9 9 5 ). E D U CA T I O N F O R S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y. L o n d o n : E a rt h s c an. sustainability in higher education (SHE), education for sustainability (EFS), greening the campus H u mb o l d t S t a t e U n iv e r s it y a nd C a li f o r ni a I nt e g r at e d Wa s t e M a n a g e m e n t B o a rd ( 1 9 9 4 ). R E C Y C L I N G A N D B E Y ON D : A M O D E L F O R C A M PU S C O M M U N I T IE S ( vi d e o c a s s e t t e r e c o r d in g ). A r c a t a, C A : Hu m b o ld t S t a t e Un i v e rs i t y. P r es e n t s a f iv e - s t e p p la n f or s o li d w a s t e r e d u c t i o n, m o d e le d a ft e r t h e w a s t e r e d u c t i o n pr o g r a m a t H u m b o l d t S t a t e U n iv e r s it y. greening the campus, waste management, guidelines I n st i t u t e f o r E n e rg y a nd E n vi r o n me n t a l R e s e a r c h H e i d e l b e r g, L t d. a n d I n s t i t u t e f o r E n vi r o n me n t a l I n f o r m a t ic s H am b u r g, L t d. ( 2 0 0 0 ). U M B E R T O ( Ve r s i o n 3. 5 e d u c ). H a mb u r g : I n st i t u t e f o r E n v ir o n m e n t a l I n f o rm a t i c s H a mb u r g, L t d. C o m p u t e r p r o g r a m fo r c a l c u l a t i n g, e v a lu a t i ng a n d m o n it o r i ng m a t e r i a l a n d e n e r g y f l ow s, de s i g ne d f or h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n in s t i t u t i o ns. S ev e r a l i n s t i t u t io n s in E u r o p e a l r e a dy u s e U m b er t o a s a n e n v i r o n m e nt a l m a na g e m en t t oo l. greening the campus, sustainability management, assessment tool I n t e r n a t i o n a l A s s o c i a t io n o f U n i ve r s i t i e s ( I A U ) ( 1 9 9 3 ). T H E K Y O T O D E C L A R A T IO N. IA U. <http://www.unesco.org/iau/tfsd_first.html#the KYOTO> sustainability in higher education (SHE), declaration, guidelines 20 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

I n t e r n a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e f o r S u s t ai n a b le D e ve l o p me n t ( I I S D ) ( 1 9 9 6 a ). S U S T A I N A BL E D E V E L O P M E N T O N C A M PU S : TO O L S F O R C A M PU S D E C IS I O N M A K E R S. II S D. <http://iisd.ca/educate> A g o o d on - l i ne i n t r o d u ct i o n t o t he p r in c i p le s a nd p r a c t i c e o f su s t a in a b l e d e v el o p m en t i n h i g he r e d u c a t i on. I nc l u d es a se r i e s o f le a r n in g m od u l e s, c a se s t u d i e s, a s ea r c h a b l e en v i r on m e n t a l / s u st a i n a b i l i t y p o li c y ba n k, a n d ot h e r u s e f u l r e so u r c es. sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus, guide/manual, best practice, case studies, IISD I n t e r n a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e f o r S u s t ai n a b le D e ve l o p me n t ( I I S D ) ( 1 9 9 6 b ). G L O BA L G R E E N S T A ND A R D S: IS O 1 4 0 0 0 A N D S U S T A I N A BL E D E V E L O P M E N T. II S D. <http://iisd.ca/greenstand> A n e x c e ll e n t i n t r od u c t io n t o I S O 1 4 0 0 0 a n d o t h e r v o l u n t a r y e n v ir o n m en t a l s t a n da r d s t h a t h a v e r e v o l u t io n i z ed e n v i r o n m e n t a l m a n a g e m e nt i n t h e pr i v a t e s e ct o r. D i s c u s s e s t h e i r h i s t o r y a n d d e v e l o p m e n t, t h e i r i n d iv i d u a l c o m p o n e nt s a nd f u nd a m e nt a l di f f e r e n c e s, a n d t h e c h a l le n g e s t h e y f a c e. E x pl a i n s I S O 1 4 0 0 0 i n g r e a t es t d et a i l, a d d r e s s i ng m a ny i s su e s pa r t i cu l a r ly r e le v a n t t o t h e c a m p u s s u st a i n a b i l i t y a s se s s m en t p r o c e s s, i n cl u d i ng : p la n n i ng a n d p r e pa r i n g a n en v i r on m e n t a l a ss e s s m e n t, t h e r e l a t i o n sh i p be t w e en E M S a n d e n v i r o n m e nt a l a s s e s sm e n t, c o l le c t i ng a p pr o p r ia t e da t a, s e l e ct i n g e n v i r o n m e n t a l p e r fo r m a nc e i nd i c a t o r s, a n d r e p o r t i n g. sustainable development (SD), sustainability management systems (SMS), ISO 14000, indicators, benchmarking, IISD I n t e r n a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e f o r S u s t ai n a b le D e ve l o p me n t ( I I S D ) ( 2 0 0 0 ). M E A SU R E M E N T A ND I N D IC A T O RS F O R S U S T A I N A BL E D E V E L O P M E N T. I IS D. <http://iisd.ca/measure> A cl e a r a n d co n c i se o n - l i n e i n t r od u c t io n t o t h e c o n c ep t o f s u s t a i n a bl e d ev e l o pm e n t i n d i ca t o r s a n d t h e c u r r e n t ch a l l en g e s f a c e d i n de v e l op i n g i n d i ca t o r s t h a t a r e b o t h r e l i a b l e a n d u se f u l. sustainable development (SD), assessment, indicators, IISD J e rn s t r o m, B ir g i t t a ( 2 0 0 0 ). S T E P B Y S T E P T O W A R D S T H E S U S T A I N A BL E U N I V E R S I T Y! : E N V IR O N M E N T A L R E V IE W F OR G Ö T E B O R G U N I V E R S I T Y, SW E DE N. C O P E R N I C U S. <http://www.copernicus-campus.org/downloads/jernstroem.zip> C a se s t u d y o f G ö t eb o r g U n i v er s i t y i n it s e nd e a v or t o h o n o r t h e p r i n ci p l e s s e t f o r t h i n t h e U ni v e r si t y C h a r t e r f o r Su s t a in a b l e D e v el o p m en t ( a l s o ca l l e d T h e C o p e r n i c u s C h a r t e r ), o f wh i c h t h e in s t i t u t i o n i s a si g n a t o r y. greening the campus, sustainability management, assessment, case study, conference proceedings K e ni r y, J u l i an ( 1 9 9 5 ). E C O DE M I A : C A M PU S E N V IR O N M E N T A L S T E WA R D S HI P A T T H E T U R N O F T H E 2 1 S T C E N T U R Y. Wa s h i ng t o n, D. C.: N a t i o n a l W i l dl i f e F e d e ra t i o n. D o cu m e n t s o u t s t a n di n g ca m p u s g r e en i n g i n i t ia t i v es a c r o s s t h e U ni t e d S t a t es a n d C a n a d a, co n c l u d i n g w i t h 1 2 b e n c hm a r k s o f su c c e ss i n c a m p u s e n v i r o n m e n t a l s t e wa r d s hi p. E a c h is s u e - s p e c if i c ch a p t er e n ds w i t h a li s t of p e r t i n e nt r e so u r c es a n d c o n t a c t s. greening the campus, best practice, case studies, Campus Ecology Program K l iu c i n in k a s, L i n as ( 2 0 0 1 ). A S S E S S M E NT O F S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y : ST U DI E S A T U N I V E R S I T I E S A N D C O L L E G E S I N L I T HU A N I A. I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u rn a l o f S u st a i n ab i l i t y i n H i g h e r E d uc a t i o n 2 ( 3 ) : 2 5 0-2 5 6. education for sustainability (EFS), greening the campus, assessment, survey, case study CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 21

K o e s t e r, R o b e r t J., e d. ( 1 9 9 6 ). G R E E N I N G O F T HE C A M PU S. Gr e e n in g o f t h e C a m p us C o nf e r e nc e. Mu n c i e, I N : B a l l S t a t e U n iv e r s it y. P r oc e e d in g s of t h e 1 9 9 6 i n t er n a t io n a l c o nf e r e nc e " G r e e n in g o f t h e C a m p u s, " t h e f ir s t in a se r i e s h o st e d a t B a ll S t a t e U ni v e r si t y. C o n t a i n s t e c h n ic a l pa p e r s o n t h e f ol l o w in g t op i c s : e c o lo g i c a l l i t e r a c y, e n v i r o n m e n t a l j u s t i c e, c o u r se - b a se d c a m p u s g r e e ni n g pr o j e ct s, co m m u ni t y en g a g em e n t, s u s t a i n a bl e u r ba n d ev e l o pm e n t a n d t h e u ni v e r si t y, i n t e r d i s c ip l i n a r y i ni t i a t i v e s, p o l lu t i o n p r e v e n t i on, r ec y c l in g, f o od s e r v i c e s, p a pe r u se, s u s t a i na b i l it y c ou n c i ls, e ne r g y c o n s er v a t io n, ec o l o g i c a l d e s i g n, e co l o g ic a l l a nd s c a pi n g, a n d pr e s e r v a t i on. sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), conference proceedings K o e s t e r, R o b e r t J., e d. ( 1 9 9 7 ). G R E E N I N G O F T HE C A M PU S I I : T H E N E X T S T E P. Gr e e n in g o f t h e C a m pu s I I C o n fe r e n c e. M un c i e, I N : B a l l S t a t e U n i ve r s i t y. P r oc e e d in g s of t h e 1 9 9 7 i n t er n a t io n a l c o nf e r e nc e " G r e e n in g o f t h e C a m p u s I I : T h e N e x t S t e p, " t h e s e co n d in a se r i e s h o s t e d a t B a l l S t a t e U n iv e r s it y. C o n t a in s t ec h n i ca l p a p e r s o r g a ni z e d u n d e r t h e f o ll o w i ng h e a d i n g s: c u r r i c u lu m t r a n s f or m a t io n, ca m p u s s e t t i n g a s a t e a c h in g t oo l, ca m p u s- b a s ed r e se a r c h, s t u d e n t - i n i t ia t e d p r o j ec t s, e n v i r o n m e nt e d u c a t i on a n d o u t r e a c h, s p e ci a l pr o g r a m s, fa c i l it y p l a n n i n g a n d m a n a g e m e n t, p h ys i c a l p l a nt, e ne r g y c o n s er v a t io n, ca m p u s b e a u t i f i ca t i o n, c a m p u s t r a n s p o r t a t i on i s su e s, i n t e g r a t e d d e s ig n s, r e d u ce / r e u s e / r ec y c l e, v a lu e s a n d e t h i c s, a n d m o d e l p r a c t i c es. sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), conference proceedings K o e s t e r, R o b e r t J., e d. ( 1 9 9 9 ). G R E E N I N G O F T HE C A M PU S I I I: T H E OR Y A ND R E A L I T Y. G r e e n i n g o f t h e C am p u s I I I C o n f e re n c e. M u n c i e, IN : B al l S t a t e Un i v e rs i t y. P r oc e e d in g s of t h e i n t er n a t io n a l 1 9 9 9 c o nf e r e nc e " G r e e n in g o f t h e C a m p u s I I I : T h eo r y a n d R ea l i t y, " t h e t h i r d i n a s e r i e s ho s t e d a t Ba l l St a t e U n i v er s i t y. C o nt a i n s t e c hn i c a l p a p er s o r g a n i z e d u nd e r t h e f o ll o w i ng h e a d i n g s: r e cy c l i ng, c u r r i c u l u m de v e l op m e n t, e n v i r o n m e n t a l a u d it s a nd s u r v e y s, m o d el p r a c t i c es, o u t r e a ch p r og r a m s, f a ci l i t ie s p la n n i ng, c u r r i c u l u m t r a n s fo r m a t i o n, f a c i li t i e s d e s ig n, pr o g r es s t o wa r d g r e e n in g t he c a m p u s, t r a n sp o r t a t i o n i s s u es, a nd c a m p u s - ba s e d r e s e a r c h. sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), conference proceedings K o e s t e r, R o b e r t J., e d. ( 2 0 0 1 ). G R E E N I N G O F T HE C A M PU S I V : M O V IN G T O T H E M A I NS T R E A M. Gr e e n in g o f t h e C a m p us I V C o n f e r e n c e. M u nc i e, I N : B a l l St a t e U n i v e r s i t y. P r oc e e d in g s of t h e 2 0 0 1 i n t er n a t io n a l c o nf e r e nc e " G r e e n in g o f t h e C a m p u s I V : M o v in g t o t h e M a in s t r ea m, " t h e fo u r t h i n a s e r ie s h os t e d a t B a l l S t a t e Un i v e r s i t y. C o n t a i n s t e c h ni c a l p a p e r s o r g a n i z ed u n de r t he f o ll o w i ng h e a d i n g s: v a lu e s a n d e t h i c s, p o l it i c a l a s p ec t s of c a m p u s g r e e n in g, c u r r i c u lu m t r a n s f or m a t io n, en v i r on m e n t a l e du c a t io n a nd o u t r e a c h, c a m p u s se t t i ng a s a t e a c h i n g t o o l, f a ci l i t ie s p la n n i ng, p hy s i c a l p l a n t m a n a g e m e n t, e n e r g y c o ns e r v a t i o n, m o d el p r a c t i c es, r e du c e / r e u s e /r e c y cl e, a n d s t u d e n t i n i t i a t i v e s a nd p r oj e c t s. sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), conference proceedings K o hm, B ru c e, e t a l. ( i n p r e ss ). C O N DU C T I NG E N V IR O N M E N T A L A U D IT S O F C O M M U N I T Y F A C IL I T I E S A S A P U B L I C S E R V I C E. E d uc a t i o n F o r S u s t a i n a bi l i t y. S c hr e u d e r, F ie n, St e v e ns o n, a n d T i l bu r y, e d s. N e w Y o r k: G a rl a n d P u b l is h i n g. A n i n s t r u c t i v e c a se s t u d y o f a c ou r s e - b a s e d e n v ir o n m en t a l a s s e ss m e n t o f a c i t y h a l l, c o nd u c t ed b y s t u d e n t s a t t h e S t a t e Un i v e r s i t y o f N ew Y o r k a t B u f f a l o. D i s c u ss e s se v e r a l l e ss o n s l e a r ne d f r o m t he p r oc e s s. greening the campus, course-based projects, assessment, case study 22 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

L a wr e n c e B e r ke l e y N a t i o n a l L a b o r at o r y ( 2 0 0 1). L A B S F O R T H E 2 1 S T C E N T U R Y T O O L K I T. U. S. E n vi r o n me n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y. < http://labs21.lbl.gov/> A set of resources for improving energy efficiency in laboratory environments. energy conservation, assessment tool, sustainability management, case studies, benchmarking, best practice, U.S. EPA L e rn e r, S t e v e ( 1 9 9 4 ). S T U DE N T G R E E N S G E T P R A CT I C A L A T T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F W I S CO N S I N. T h e A m i c u s J o u r n a l ( Su m m e r) : 3 6-4 1. A ca s e st u d y o f a s u c c es s f u l c o u r s e - b a s e d ca m p u s g r e en i n g p r o g r a m a t t h e U n i v er s i t y o f W i s c o ns i n a t M a di s o n. E m p ha s i z es t h e e d u ca t i o na l a nd s t r a t e g ic a d v a n t a g e s o f f o c u s i n g o n " sm a l l w i n s, " a n d t h e i m po r t a nc e o f b u i ld i n g p o s i t i v e wo r k i ng r e la t i o ns h i p s w i t h s t a ff a n d a d m in i s t r a t i o n. greening the campus, course-based projects, assessment, case study L e st e r Pe a r s o n I n st i t u t e f o r I n t e r n a t io n a l D e v e lo p m e nt ( 1 9 9 2 ). C R E A T I N G A C O M M O N F U T UR E : A N A C T IO N P L A N F O R U N I V E R S I T I E S. Ha l i f ax, C an a d a : L e s t e r P e a r s o n I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e r n a t i o n a l D e v e l o p m e n t. F o ll o w - u p p l a n t o t h e I n t e r na t i o na l C on f e r en c e on U n iv e r s it y A ct i o n f o r Su s t a in a b l e D e v el o p m en t, h e ld i n H a l i fa x, C a n a d a i n 1 9 9 1. C o n s is t s of t h e H a l if a x D e c l a r a t i o n a n d a s e t o f r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s f o r c o l le g e s a n d u n i v e r s i t i es t o i n d i v i d u a ll y a nd c o ll e c t iv e l y a d d r es s i ss u e s o f s u s t a i na b l e d e v e lo p m e nt o n l o c a l, r e g i o n a l, n a t i o n a l a n d g l o b a l s c a l e s. sustainability in higher education (SHE), guidelines L e vy, J o n a t h an I. a n d K u m k u m M. Di l w a li ( 2 0 0 0 ). E C O NO M I C I N C E N T I V E S F O R S U S T A I N A BL E R E S OU R C E C O N SU M P T IO N A T A L A R GE U N I V E R S I T Y : PA S T P E R FO R M A NC E A ND F U T UR E C O N SI D E R A T I O N S. I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u rn a l o f S u st a i n ab i l i t y i n H i g h e r E d uc a t i o n 1 ( 3 ) : 2 5 2-2 6 6. greening the campus, assessment, survey, case study L o re t i, C h r i st o p h e r P., W i l li a m F. W e sc o t t a n d Mi c h a e l A. I s e n be r g ( 2 0 0 0 ). A N O V E RV I E W O F G R E E N H O U SE G A S E M I SS I O N S I N V E N T O R Y I S S UE S. Pe w C e n t e r o n G lo b a l C l i m at e C ha n g e. <http://www.pewclimate.org/projects/greenhouse.cfm> greening the campus, climate protection, assessment, guidelines L Ü N E B U R G D E C L A R A T IO N O N H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N F O R S U S T A I N A BL E D E V E L O P M E N T ( 2 0 0 1 ). COPERNICUS. <http://www.lueneburg-declaration.de/> sustainability in higher education (SHE), declaration, guidelines L y o n s, K e v i n ( 2 0 0 0 ). B U Y IN G F OR T H E F U T UR E : C O N T R A C T M A N A G E M E NT A N D T H E E N V IR O N M E N T A L C H A L L E N G E. L o n d o n: P l ut o P re s s. W r it t e n b y t he s e ni o r bu y e r f o r R u t g e r s U n iv e r s it y, t h i s bo o k ex p l o r e s p r o v e n s t r a t e g i e s f o r o r g a n i z a t i o n s t o m a k e m o r e en v i r on m e n t a l l y r e s p on s i b le p u r c h a s in g d ec i s i on s, wh i l e a t t he s a m e t i m e s a v e m o ne y. greening the campus, "green" purchasing, guidelines M a c k a y, R i c h ar d ( 19 9 9 ). G U I DA N C E O N D E P A R T M E NT E N V IR O N M E N T A L A U D IT S. C a m b r id g e U n iv e r s it y. <http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/offices/environment/auditguide.html> D i sc u s s es p r oc e d u r e s f or a n i n n o v a t i v e c a m pu s s u s t a i na b i l it y a ss e s s m e n t pr o c e ss a t C a m b r i d g e U n iv e r s it y t ha t f oc u s e s o n m o n i t or i n g a n d im p r o v i n g en v i r on m e n t a l p er f o r m a n c e a t t he d e pa r t m en t l e v e l. greening the campus, sustainability management, assessment, guidelines, staff involvement CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 23

M a ns f i e ld I I I, W i ll i a m H. ( 19 9 8 ). T A K IN G T HE U N I V E R S I T Y T O T A S K. W o rl d W at c h ( M ay / J u ne ) : 2 4-3 0. D e sc r i b es w a ys i n w h i c h c a m pu s g r e e n i ng e f fo r t s a r e be g i n ni n g t o r e v o l u t io n i z e h i g he r e du c a t io n. P r ov i d e s o u t st a n d in g e xa m p l es, i nc l u d in g i ni t i a t i v e s a t s ev e r a l i n s t i t u t io n s, c a m p u s g r ee n i n g c o nf e r e nc e s, a n d em e r g in g l it e r a t u r e on t h e s u b je c t. greening the campus, best practice, case studies M S U G r e e n ( 1 9 9 8 ). A PR O PO S A L F O R A N E N V IR O N M E N T A L A S S E S S M E NT O F M I C HI G A N S T A T E U N I V E R S I T Y. M i c h ig a n St a t e U n i v e r s i t y. <http://www.ecofoot.msu.edu/history.htm> A pr o p o sa l t o M i ch i g a n S t a t e U n iv e r s it y a dm i n i st r a t io n r eq u e s t i n g fo r m a l s u p po r t fo r a c a m p u s s u st a i n a b i l i t y a s se s s m en t o f t h e i n s t it u t i on. A ll o f t h e pr o p o sa l ' s t h r e e w e l l- d e f in e d c o m p o n e nt s p la n s fo r a c o u r se - b a se d a ss e s s m e n t pr o j e ct o f s e l e ct e d en v i r on m e n t a l a sp e c t s, a c a m p u s - wi d e se m i n a r s e r i e s on e n v i r o n m e n t a l a s s es s m e nt, a nd t h e e s t a b l i s hm e n t o f a c a m p u s - w i de s u st a i n a b i l i t y c o m m i t t ee w e r e a p pr o v e d a n d a r e be i n g i m p l em e n t ed. greening the campus, assessment, case study M u nr o, St a r r ( 2 0 0 0 ). F O O T I N G T H E B I L L : TO O L S F O R D E S IG N I N G A S U S T A I N A BL E C O N FE R E N CE. Un i v e rs i t y o f V ic t o r ia. <http://www.stas.uvic.ca/uvsp> A g u i d e t o d es i g n in g a s u s t a i n a b le c o nf e r e nc e. A l s o in c l u de s g u i d a n ce o n a s s e ss i n g a n d im p r o v i n g t h e s u st a i n a b i l i t y p e r f o r m a n c e of a co n f e r e n c e. greening the campus, guidelines, assessment N a t i o n a l R o u nd T a bl e o n t h e E n v i ro n m e nt a n d t h e E c o n o m y ( NR T E E ) ( 1 9 9 2 ). G R E E N G U I DE : A U S E R' S G U I DE T O S U S T A I N A BL E D E V E L O P M E N T F OR C A N A D I A N C O L L E G E S. O t t a w a, C a n a da : N R T E E. P r ov i d e s d e t a i l e d c a s e s t u d ie s o f t h e s u c c es s e s a n d m e s s e s e x pe r i e nc e d a t s e v e r a l C a n a di a n co l l e g e s s t r i v i n g t o g r e e n t h e i r c a m pu s e s. O t h er u s ef u l co n t e nt s i nc l u d e a n ed u c a t i o n a n d t r a i n i ng p r og r a m e v a l u a t io n g u i d e a n d a c o m p r e h e n si v e li s t i ng o f e n v i r o n m e nt a l a n d r es o u r ce m a na g e m en t p r o g r a m s o f fe r e d a t C a n a d i a n c o ll e g e s ( a s o f 1 9 9 2 ). O u t of p r in t. greening the campus, sustainability in higher education (SHE), best practice, case studies N e w J e r se y H ig h e r E d u c at i o n P a r t ne r s h ip f o r S u s t a i n a bi l i t y ( N J HE P S ) ( 2 0 0 0 ). C A M PU S S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y S E L E C T E D I N D IC A T O RS S N A PS H O T A N D G U I DE. NJ H E P S. <http://orion.ramapo.edu/~jquigley/njheps/ass_instrument.htm> A si m p l e s u s t a i n a bi l i t y m e a su r e m en t i ns t r u m e n t fo r c ol l e g es a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s in t h e s t a t e o f N e w J e r s e y, c r e a t e d a nd c o or d i n a t e d by t h e N e w J e r s ey H i g h e r E d u c a t i o n P a r t n er s h i p f o r S u s t a i n a b il i t y ( N J H E P S ). T h e t o o l h e l ps u s er s p r i o r i t i z e k e y s u s t a i na b i l it y i ss u e s a t t he i r in s t i t u t i o n, a n d p r o v i d e s a s se s s m en t f or m s fo r i de n t i fy i n g s p e c if i c op p o r t u n i t ie s f or i m pr o v e m e n t in e a ch o f 1 0 g en e r a l a s se s s m en t c a t e g o r i e s. greening the campus, assessment tool, indicators N e w J e r se y H ig h e r E d u c at i o n P a r t ne r s h ip f o r S u s t a i n a bi l i t y ( N J HE P S ) ( 2 0 0 1). P R O T O C O L F O R M E A SU R I N G G R E E N H O U SE G A S E M I SS I O N S A T N E W J E R SE Y S C O L L E G E S A N D U N I V E R S I T I E S, 19 9 0-2 0 0 0. N J H E PS. <http://orion.ramapo.edu/~jquigley/njheps/success/protocol.html> greening the campus, climate protection, assessment, guidelines 24 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

N i xo n, A n d r e w ( A p ri l 2 0 0 2 ). I M P RO V I N G T H E C A M PU S S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y A S S E S S M E NT P R O CE S S ( ho n o r s t h e si s ). E n vi r o n me n t a l S t u di e s P r o g r a m. K a l a m az o o, M I : We s t e rn M i c h i g a n U n i ve r s i t y. A n i n - d ep t h ex a m i na t i o n o f t h e c a m p u s s u s t a i n a b il i t y a s s e ss m e n t ( C S A ) i n b o t h t h e o r y a n d p r a ct i c e. D i sc u s s es t h e h i s t o r i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t of t h e C S A, p r e se n t s t h e fi n d i ng s o f a s el e c t r e v i ew o f C S A s, i d en t i f ie s C SA b es t p r a c t i ce s, a n d pr o p o se s a p r e l im i n a r y s e t o f ex t e n si v e g u i d e li n e s f o r pe r f o r m i n g a br o a d - b r u s h C S A. greening the campus, assessment, guidelines, best practice, indicators, thesis project O d e n o, Ha n s ( 1 9 9 9 ). W H Y M A L A R D A L E N U N I V E R S I T Y C H O SE T O S E E K E N V IR O N M E N T A L C E R T I F I C A T I O N A C C OR D I N G T O I S O 1 4 0 0 1. L u nd U n iv e r s it y. <http://www.lu.se/green-campus/emsu99/keynotes/odeno_emsu99.html> D i sc u s s es l e ss o n s l e a r ne d a t M a l a r d a l en U n iv e r s it y i n t h e p r o c es s o f b e c om i n g t h e fi r s t S w e d is h h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n in s t i t u t i o n t o be c e r t i f i ed a c co r d i ng t o t h e in t e r na t i o na l E M S s t a n d a r d I S O 1 4 0 0 1. greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), ISO 14000, conference proceedings O ' Go r m a n, M a rk J. a n d K a t r i na J. A t c h le y ( 2 0 0 1 ). O N L IN E G R E E N O P I NI O N S : US I NG T E C HN O L O GY T O S U R V E Y C A M PU S E N V IR O N M E N T A L O P I NI O N S A N D C O M M U N I T Y E N V IR O N M E N T A L V I E WS. G r e e n i n g o f t h e C am p u s I V : Mo v i n g t o t h e M ai n s t re a m. R o be r t J. K o e s t e r, e d. M u nc i e, I N : B a l l St a t e U n i v e r s i t y : 1 1 6-1 2 1. sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus, survey, assessment, conference proceedings O r r, D a vi d W. ( 1 9 9 0 ). T H E L I B E R A L A R T S, T H E C A M PU S, A N D T H E B I O SP H E R E. H a rv a r d E d uc a t i o n a l R e v i e w 6 0 ( 2 ) : 2 0 5-2 1 6. C r it i c i z e s h ig h e r e d u c a t i o n f o r it s p r a c t i ca l i r r e l e v a n c e, f a i lu r e t o c u lt i v a t e " w ho l e in d i v id u a l s, " a nd h y po c r i sy. T he u n iv e r s it y c a m p u s p o s s es s e s t r e m en d o u s p o t en t i a l t o r e m e d y t h e se p r ob l e m s. B y s t u d y i n g s u s t a i n a bi l i t y i s s u e s o n c a m pu s a nd d e v e l o p in g a nd i m pl e m e nt i n g s t r a t e g i e s t o m i t i g a t e t he i r i n st i t u t i o n s " e n v i r o n m e n t a l f o o t p r i n t, " s t u d e n t s c a n g a i n m a n y p r a ct i c a l s k i ll s, ex p e r ie n c e f i r s t - h a n d t h e c o m pl e x i t y a n d i n t er c o n ne c t e dn e s s o f s ys t e m s, d e v e l o p a s e ns e o f r e s po n s i bi l i t y f o r t h e m a j o r i s su e s of t o da y, a n d l ea r n t h a t t h e y ca n i nd e e d m a k e a p o si t i v e d i f fe r e n ce i n t h e wo r l d. sustainability in higher education (SHE), education for sustainability (EFS), greening the campus O r r, D a vi d W. ( 1 9 9 6 ). R E I NV E N T IN G H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N. G r e e n i n g t h e C o l l e g e C u rr i c u lu m. J o n a t ha n C o l l e t t a n d S t e p he n K ar a k a sh i a n, e d s. W a s hi n g t o n, D.C. : Is l a n d P r e ss : 8-2 3. M a in t a i ns t h a t h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n ha s f a i l e d t o r es p o n d a d e q u a t e ly t o t h e ch a l l en g e s o f o u r t i m e ; p r ov i d e s a h is t o r ic a l a n a l y si s o f t h e s i t u a t i o n a n d pr o p o se s w a y s i t c a n b e r em e d i ed. C u r r e n t c r i t e r i a u s ed t o r a t e c o l l eg e s co u l d b e r ep l a c ed b y m e a s u r e m e nt s o f a n in s t i t u t i o n s s u s t a i na b i l it y, su c h a s s u st a i n a b i l i t y p e r f o r m a n c e a n d s u s t a i na b i l it y - r el a t e d a t t it u d e s a n d b e h a v i o r s o f g r a d u a t e s. Bu i l d in g a n d c a m pu s a r c h i t ec t u r e s h o u l d b e v a l u e d a nd d e si g n e d f o r i t s pe d a g og i c a l v a l u e. F in a l l y, t h e c o l le g e c a m p u s m u s t be c o ns i d e r e d a n i n t eg r a l t o o l f o r t e a c h in g s t u d e n t s t o u n d e r s t a n d s u s t a i n a bi l i t y i s s u e s, d e v e l o p a n a l yt i c a n d p r o b l e m - s o l v i n g sk i l l s, a n d c u l t i v a t e f e e li n g s o f s oc i a l r e s p on s i b il i t y a n d se l f - e m po w e r m e n t. education for sustainability (EFS), greening the campus P a c i f i c N o r t hw e s t P o l l ut i o n P r e v e n t i o n R e s o u r c e C e n t e r ( P PR C ) ( 1 9 9 7 ). H O W T O I N V E N T O R Y Y O U R W A S T E S F OR E N V IR O N M E N T A L C O M PL I A N CE. PP R C. <http://www.pprc.org/pprc/sbap/workbook/toc_all.html> A u s e r - fr i e n dl y g u i d e t o i n v e n t o r y i n g a n d m e a s u r i n g a n o r g a n i z a t i o n ' s h a z a r d o u s w a st e s, a i r e m is s i o ns a n d w a t er d i sc h a r g e s. hazardous substances, assessment, guide/manual CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 25

P a c i f i c N o r t hw e s t P u b l ic P o ll u t i o n P r e v e n t io n C e n t e r ( P P R C ) ( 2 0 0 0 ). R E S OU R C E S F O R E N V IR O N M E N T A L P R O CU R E M E N T : EN V IR O N M E N T A L L Y P R E FE R A B L E P U R CH A S I NG. PP R C. <http://www.pprc.org/pprc/pubs/topics/envpurch.html> A n I n t e r n e t g u i d e t o o n- l i n e r e s ou r c e s r e l a t e d t o e n v i r o n m e n t a ll y r es p o n si b l e p u r c ha s i n g. R e so u r c es l i st e d in c l u de : g en e r a l " g r ee n " pu r c h a s i n g i n f o r m a t i on, l i st s e r v s f o r p u r ch a s e r s, c a s e s t u d i e s, c e r t i f i ca t i o n s i t es, g r e e n pr o d u ct d a t a b a s es, a nd s p ec i f i c p r o du c t a n d s er v i c es i n fo r m a t i o n. "green" purchasing, guidelines P h il l i p s, J a me s R. ( 1 9 9 9 ). E N V IR O N M E N T A L A U D IT S B Y U N D E R G R A DU A T E B U S IN E S S S T U DE N T S. G r e e n i n g o f t h e C am p u s I I I : T h e o ry a n d R e a li t y. R o be r t J. K o e s t e r, e d. M u nc i e, I N : B a l l S t a t e U n iv e r s it y : 4 7-5 0. A pr o f e ss o r a t B a bs o n C o l l e g e d e sc r i b es t h e r e w a r d s a n d f r u s t r a t i o n s o f co n d u ct i n g c o u r s e - ba s e d c a m p u s g r e e n in g p r o j e c t s a t h i s in s t i t u t i o n. W h il e t he s t u d e n t p r o j ec t s ha v e ha d s ig n i f ic a n t e d u c a t i on a l be n e f it s, t h e y ha v e no t l ed d i r e c t l y t o su b s t a n t i a l i m p r o v e m en t s in c a m p u s po l i c ie s o r p r a c t i c es. greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), course-based projects, assessment, case study, conference proceedings P i nt e r, L a s z lo, e t a l. ( 2 0 0 0 ). C A P A C I T Y B U I L D I N G F O R I N T E G R A T E D E N V IR O N M E N T A L A S S E S S M E NT A N D R E P OR T I N G: TR A IN I N G M A N UA L. In t e r na t i o na l I ns t i t ut e f o r S u st a i n ab l e D e ve l o p me n t ( I I S D ). <http://iisd.ca/measure/iear.htm> A c co m p a ny i n g m a n u a l t o a f o u r - d a y t r a in i n g p r o g r a m d ev e l o pe d b y t h e I n t e r n a t i on a l I n s t i t u t e fo r S u st a i n a b l e D e v e l op m e n t ( I I SD ) a nd t h e U n i t e d N a t i o n s E n v ir o n m en t a l P r o g r a m m e ( U N E P ), d e si g n e d t o in c r e a s e a n o r g a n i z a t i o n ' s c a p a c i t y t o p r o d u c e r e g u l a r, i n t e g r a t e d e n v ir o n m en t a l a s se s s m en t s a n d r ep o r t s. C o nt a i n s g u i da n c e a n d t o o l s p o t e nt i a l ly r e le v a n t t o m a n y st a g e s o f t h e c a m p u s su s t a in a b i li t y a s s e s sm e n t p r o c es s. sustainability management, assessment, guide/manual, reporting, indicators, IISD P o in s a t t e, F ra n c o is e a nd W i ll T o o r ( 1 9 9 9 ). F I N DI N G A NE W W A Y : C A M PU S T R A NS P O R T A T I O N F O R T H E T W E NT Y - F I R ST C E N T U R Y. Un i v e rs i t y o f C o l o r a do - B o ul d e r. <http://www.colorado.edu/cuenvironmentalcenter/news/publications/publications.html> A n e x c e ll e n t s o u r ce b o o k f o r i m p r ov i n g c a m p u s t r a n s p o r t a t i on s y st e m s. D i s cu s s e s c o m m o n c a m p u s t r a n s p o r t a t i on i s su e s a n d p r o p o s es s o lu t i o ns s u pp o r t ed w i t h s u cc e s s fu l i ns t i t u t i o n a l e x a m p l e s. A l so i n cl u d e s g u i de l i n es f o r a n ef f e c t i v e t r a n s po r t a t i o n de m a n d m a n a g e m e nt ( T D M ) p r o g r a m. greening the campus, transportation, guidelines, best practice, case studies R a in f o r e s t A c t i o n N e t w o r k ( 2 0 0 1 ). T R E E F R E E C A M PU S : ST U DE N T S T A K E A C T IO N T O D E F E N D F O R E S T S. R a i n f o r e s t A c t i o n N e t w o r k. <http://www.ran.org/ran_campaigns/old_growth/campus> greening the campus, green purchasing, waste reduction, guidelines R a o, A n ur a d h a S., e t a l. ( i n p r e ss ). S U S T A I N A BL E C A M PU S E S I N C A N A D A : A N E W A N D P R O M I S I N G M O V E M E N T. J o ur n a l o f C le a n e r P r o du c t i o n. R e po r t s t h e fi n d i ng s a nd i m pl i c a t i o n s o f a 1 9 9 8 s t u d y o f t h e c u r r e n t s t a t e o f t h e ca m p u s s u s t a i n a bi l i t y m o v e m e n t i n C a n a d a. I n cl u d e s c a s e s t u di e s of t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f B r i t is h C ol u m b ia a n d M o u nt A l li s o n U n iv e r s it y. greening the campus, survey, case studies 26 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

R e so u r c e I n t e g r a t io n S y s t e m s, L t d. ( 1 9 9 1 ). 5 3 S I M PL E T H I NG S U N I V E R S I T I E S C A N D O T O R E D UC E W A S T E : C A S E S T U DI E S OF U N I V E R S I T Y S O U RC E R E D UC T I O N, R E C Y C L I N G, A N D C O M PO S T I NG. Po r t l an d, O R : R e s o u r c e I n t e g r a t i o n Sy s t e ms, L t d. A so u r c eb o o k o f s t r a t e g i e s fo r s ol i d wa s t e r e d u ct i o n a t h ig h e r e d u c a t i o n i n s t it u t i on s. I n s t i t u t i o na l e x a m p l e s o f su c c e ss a c co m p a ny e a ch o f t h e 5 3 r e co m m e nd e d st r a t eg i e s. greening the campus, waste management, guidelines, best practice, case studies R o o r d a, N i k o ( 2 0 0 0 ). A U D IT I N G S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y I N E N G IN E E R IN G E D U CA T I O N W I T H A I SH E. P r e s e n t e d a t : En g i n e e r i n g D e s ig n a nd A p pl i c a t i o n fo r S us t a i na b l e D e v e lo p m e nt. B e lf a s t, N o r t h e r n I r e l an d : EE E N e t w o r k. D e sc r i b es a n i n s t r u m e n t d e v el o p e d i n t h e N et h e r la n d s f o r a s s e s si n g t h e i nt e g r a t i o n o f s u s t a i na b i l it y c o nc e p t s i n t o h i g he r e du c a t io n, a n d u se s t he e x a m p l e o f e ng i n e er i n g e d u c a t i o n t o i ll u s t r a t e ho w i t w o r k s. Th e i ns t r u m e n t, A u d i t i n g I n s t r u m e n t f o r Su s t a in a b i li t y in H i g h e r E d u c a t i o n ( A I S H E ), c o ns i d e r s 2 4 c r i t er i a wi t h i n t h e f r a m ew o r k o f a f i v e - s t a g e q u a li t y m a n a g em e n t m o d e l d e v el o p e d f o r t h e h i g he r e du c a t io n s ec t o r. A I S HE p r es e n t ly i s u n d e r g o i n g a p r a c t i ca l t es t i n g p h a se, e xp e c t ed t o b e c o m p l e t ed s o on, a nd m a y e v e nt u a l ly b e co m e a s t a nd a r d S H E - a s s e s sm e n t t o o l o n a E u r o pe a n a n d p e r h a p s a g l ob a l sc a l e. sustainability in higher education (SHE), education for sustainability (EFS), sustainability management, assessment, conference proceedings R o ud e b u sh, W il f r e d H. ( 2 0 0 1 ). E N V IR O N M E N T A L V A L UE E N G IN E E R IN G : A N A S S E S S M E NT M E T HO D O L OG Y T O C O M PA R E T H E E N V IR O N M E N T A L I M P A C T O F B U I L T E N V IR O N M E N T A L T E R N A T IV E S. G r e e n i n g o f t h e C am p u s I V : Mo v i n g t o t h e M ai n s t re a m. R o be r t J. K o e s t e r, e d. M u nc i e, I N : B a l l St a t e U n i v e r s i t y : 2 3 4-2 4 0. greening the campus, green building design, assessment, conference proceedings S a nt a C la r a C o u n t y M a t e r i a l s A d v is o r y C o m m it t e e ( 1 9 9 4 ). H A Z A R D O U S W A S T E S U R V I V A L G U I DE O N - L I NE. We s t e rn R e g i o n a l P o l lu t i o n P r e ve n t i o n N e t w o r k. <http://www.westp2net.org/hazwaste/front_page.html> A ha z a r do u s wa s t e r e d u ct i o n m a n a g e m e n t g u i de i n t e n d e d f o r s m a l l a n d m e d i u m b u si n e s se s, bu t a ls o l a r g e l y a p p r op r i a t e f o r a h ig h e r e d u c a t i o n s e t t in g. P r o v i de s e xt e n s iv e g u i d a n ce o n c o n d u c t i n g a h a z a r d o u s w a st e r ed u c t io n o pp o r t u n i t y a s s e ss m e n t a n d i m p l em e n t in g w a s t e r e d u c t i o n op t i o ns. I n cl u d e s u s e fu l a cc o m p a n y i n g f o r m s a n d w o r k s h e e t s f o r p r o fi l i n g h a z a r d o u s w a s t e s, id e n t if y i n g w a st e r ed u c t io n o pp o r t u n i t i es, c a l c u l a t i n g w a s t e m a n a g e m e nt c o st s, pr i o r it i z i ng a r ea s f or i m pr o v e m e n t, a n d ev a l u a t i n g a l t e r n a t i v e o p t i o n s. waste management, hazardous substances, assessment, guide/manual S a ph i r e, D a v id ( 1 9 9 5 ). M A K IN G L E S S G A R BA G E ON C A M PU S : A H A N DS - O N G U I DE. N e w Y o r k: I n fo r m, I n c. G u id e t o d e v el o p i ng a n d i m p le m e n t i n g a s o l id w a st e p r e v e n t i o n pr o g r a m a t a h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n i n st i t u t i o n. I n c l u d e s sy s t e m a t i c g u i d el i n e s t o cr e a t in g a p r o g r a m, a n d w a s t e pr e v e nt i o n s t r a t e g i e s s u pp o r t ed w i t h i n st i t u t i o n a l e x a m p l e s. P r o v i d e s l i m i t e d g u i d a n ce o n a s s e ss i n g p r o c u r e m e nt p r a c t i c es, m a t e r i a ls u s e, a n d w a s t e g e ne r a t io n. greening the campus, waste management, guide/manual, best practice, case studies S e c r e t a ri a t o f U n iv e r s it y P re s i d e n t s fo r a S u s t ai n a b le F u t u r e ( 1 9 9 0 ). T H E T A L L O I R E S D E C L A R A T IO N. U ni v e r si t y L e a d e rs f o r a S us t a i na b l e F u t u re ( U L S F ). <http://www.ulsf.org/programs_talloires.html> A n i n t e r n a t i on a l v o l u n t a r y a g r e e m e n t be t w e en c o ll e g e a n d u n i v e r s i t y l e a d er s a nd t h ei r s t a k e h ol d e r s c o m m i t t in g t he i r in s t i t u t i o ns t o s u s t a i n a b le d e v e l o p m e n t. A s o f S e p t e m b e r 2 0 0 1, 2 8 1 i n s t i t u t io n s f r om f i v e c o nt i n e nt s h a d s i g n e d t h e d ec l a r a t i o n. U L SF o f fe r s a " T a ll o i r es D e cl a r a t i o n R e s o u r c e K it, a v a i l a b l e on - l i ne v i a i t s w e b s it e. sustainability in higher education (SHE), declaration, guidelines CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 27

S h ar p, L e i t h ( 2 0 0 1). G R E E N C A M PU S E S : TH E R O A D F R O M L I T T L E V I C T O R I E S T O S Y S T E M I C T R A NS F O R M A T I O N. G r e e n i n g o f t h e C am p u s I V : Mo v i n g t o t h e M ai n s t re a m. R o be r t J. K o e s t e r, e d. M u nc i e, I N : B a l l St a t e U n i v e r s i t y : 7 1-8 5. greening the campus, conference proceedings S h ri b e r g, M i c h a e l ( 2 0 0 0 ). S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y M A N A G E M E NT I N C A M PU S H O U SI N G : A C A S E S T U DY A T T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F M I C HI G A N. I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u rn a l o f S u st a i n ab i l i t y i n H i g h e r E d uc a t i o n 1 ( 2 ) : 13 7-1 5 3. <http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mshriber/sustainablehousingthesis.doc> P r es e n t s t h e m a j o r f i n di n g s o f a f e a s ib i l i t y s t u d y f or s u st a i n a b i l i t y m a na g e m en t i n t h e U n i v er s i t y o f M i ch i g a n' s H ou s i n g D i v is i o n. T h e m a s t er ' s t h e s i s f r o m w h i ch t h is a r t i c l e i s d r a w n is a v a i l a b le o n - l i n e. greening the campus, sustainability management, assessment, thesis project, case study Shriberg, Michael (in press). C R O SS - I N S T I T U T IO N A L A S S E S S M E NT T O O L S F O R S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y I N H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N: ST R E N G T H S, WE A KN E S S E S, A N D I M P L I C A T IO N S F O R P R A CT I C E A N D T H E OR Y. H i g h e r Ed u c a t i o n Po l i c y a nd I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u rn a l o f S u st a i n ab i l i t y i n H i g h e r E d uc a t i o n ( J u n e / J u l y 2 0 0 2 ). A useful review and critique of existing tools for assessing sustainability in higher education. sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus, assessment S i mp s o n, W a l t e r ( 19 9 1 ). R E C IP E F OR A N E F F E C T I V E C A M PU S E N E RG Y C O N SE R V A T I O N P R O GR A M. C am b r i dg e, MA : U ni o n o f C o nc e r n e d S c ie n t i st s. A 2 1 - p o in t g u i d e t o s u cc e s s fu l c a m p u s e n e r g y c o ns e r v a t i o n p r o g r a m s, i n c l u d i n g m a n y s u g g es t i o ns r e le v a n t t o ca m p u s g r e en i n g i n g en e r a l. greening the campus, energy conservation, sustainability management, guide/manual S i mp s o n, W a l t e r ( 19 9 4 ). T H E U N I V E R S I T Y A T B U F FA L O ' S G R E E N C O M PU T I N G G U I DE. St a t e U n iv e r s it y o f N e w Y o r k - B u f f al o. <http://wings.buffalo.edu/ubgreen/energy_conservation/greencomputingguide.html> C o nt a i n s t i p s o n en e r g y- e f f ic i e n t c o m pu t i n g, r e du c i n g p a p er w a st e, " g r e e n" p u r c h a s in g, a n d r ec y c l in g c o m p u t e r e q u ip m e n t. greening the campus, energy conservation, guide/manual S i mp s o n, W a l t e r ( 19 9 6 ). E N V IR O N M E N T A L S T E WA R D S HI P A ND T H E G R E E N C A M PU S. F a c i l i t ie s M an a g e r ( J a n u a ry ) : 3 9-4 5. A n e x c e ll e n t a r t i cl e r ep l e t e w i t h c a m pu s g r e e n i ng i n si g h t s. S p ec i f i c t o p ic s o f f o c u s i n cl u d e : d e v e l o p in g a n e n v ir o n m en t a l t a s k f o r c e, i m pl e m e nt i n g s t e w a r d s h ip p r oj e c t s, t h e i m p or t a n ce o f t o p - l e v e l l ea d e r sh i p, t h e ec o n o m i c s of c a m p u s g r e e n in g, a n d o u t s t a nd i n g c h a l le n g e s f a c ed b y c a m p u s e n er g y co n s e r v a t i on p r og r a m s. greening the campus, guidelines, energy conservation, financial savings/returns S m it h, A p r i l A. a nd R o be r t Go t t l ie b ( 19 9 2 ). C A M PU S E N V IR O N M E N T A L A U D IT S : TH E U C L A E X P E R I E N CE. T h e C a m pu s a nd E n vi r o n me n t a l R e s po n s i bi l i t y. Da v i d J. E ag a n an d D av i d W. O r r, e d s. N e w Di r e c t i o n s i n H ig h e r E d u c at i o n, n o. 7 7. Sa n F ra n c i sc o : J o s s e y - B a s s P u bl i s h e r s : 9-1 8. C a se s t u d y o f t h e f i r s t c o m pr e h e ns i v e c a m p u s s u st a i n a b i l i t y a s se s s m en t i n t h e U n i t ed S t a t e s t h e U C LA s t u d y I n O u r B a c k y a r d w hi c h be c a m e a b lu e p r in t f or h u nd r e d s o f su b s e q u e n t a s s e ss m e n t p r oj e c t s a r o u n d t he w o r l d. greening the campus, assessment, case study 28 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

S m it h, A p r i l A. a nd t h e U C L A E n v ir o n m e n t a l S t u d y G r o up ( 1 9 9 0 ). C A M PU S E N V IR O N M E N T A L A U D IT : A S T U DE N T G U I DE T O C A M PU S E N V IR O N M E N T A L C H A NG E. L o s A ng e l e s: U n iv e r s it y o f C a l i fo r n i a a t L o s A ng e l e s. T h e o r i g i n a l g u i d e t o a s s e s si n g en v i r on m e n t a l p er f o r m a n c e a t a h i g h er e d u c a t i on i n st i t u t i o n. M o d e le d a f t e r t he t r a i l b l a z i n g 1 9 8 9 c a m p u s s u st a i n a b i l i t y a s se s s m en t o f t h e U n i v er s i t y o f C a l i f or n i a a t L os A n g e l e s, i t se r v e d a s t h e c en t e r pi e c e f o r t h e 1 9 9 0 E a r t h D a y C a m p a i g n, a nd l a t e r w a s e x pa n d e d a n d p u bl i s h ed a s C a m p u s Ec o l o gy b y A p r il S m it h. D i s c u ss e s t h e f u n d a m en t a l s o f co n d u ct i n g a c a m p u s s u st a i n a b i l i t y a s se s s m en t, a n d p r o v i d es a q u e s t io n c he c k l is t a nd e x a m p l e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s f o r e a c h e n v i r o n m e n t a l c a t eg o r y c o v e r e d. Ou t o f p r i nt. greening the campus, assessment, guide/manual S m it h, A p r i l A. a nd t h e S t u de n t En v i r o n m e n t a l A c t i o n C o a l it i o n ( 1 9 9 3 ). C A M PU S E C O L O G Y : A G U I DE T O A S S E S S I N G E N V IR O N M E N T A L Q U A L I T Y A N D C R E A T I N G S T R A T E G I E S F O R C H A NG E. L o s A n g e l e s : L i v i ng P l an e t Pr e s s. A po p u l a r i n t r o d u ct o r y g u i d e t o co n d u ct i n g a c a m p u s su s t a in a b i li t y a s s e s sm e n t. E a c h c h a pt e r i n cl u d e s a n ov e r v ie w o f t h e i s s u e a t ha n d, a b a si c l is t o f a s s es s m e nt q u es t i o ns, a l i s t o f s ou r c e s f o r a c q u i r i ng d a t a, r ec o m m en d e d a c t i on s, in s t i t u t i o na l p r o f i l es, a nd a li s t of a d di t i o na l r es o u r ce s. M o s t u s ef u l fo r p er s o n s w i t h l i t t l e e xp e r i en c e in s u st a i n a b i l i t y a s se s s m en t. greening the campus, assessment, guide/manual S m it h, Ge o r g e R. ( 2 0 0 1 ). E C O L O G I C A L F O O T P R I N T I N G : A R E P OR T C A R D F O R B A L L S T A T E U N I V E R S I T Y. G r e e n i n g o f t h e C am p u s I V : Mo v i n g t o t h e M ai n s t re a m. R o be r t J. K o e s t e r, e d. M u nc i e, I N : B a l l St a t e U n i v e r s i t y : 2 7 7-2 8 7. greening the campus, assessment, case study, conference proceedings S t ra u s s, B e n ja m i n H. ( 19 9 6 ). T H E C L A SS O F 2 0 0 0 R E P OR T : EN V IR O N M E N T A L E D U CA T I O N, P R A CT I C E S A N D A C T IV I S M O N C A M PU S. Na t h a n C u m mi n g s F o u n da t i o n. <http://www.ncf.org/reports/program/rpt_campus2000/campus2000.html> D o cu m e n t s t h e s t a t e o f e n v i r o n m e nt a l st e w a r d s h i p a t N o r t h A m e r ic a n co l l e g e s a nd u n iv e r s it i e s, i n cl u d i ng t h e s t a t u s o f e d u c a t i on, c a m p u s e n v i r o n m e nt a l pe r f o r m a n c e, a n d s t u de n t a c t i v is m. P r o v i de s e x a m p l e s o f be s t pr a c t ic e a nd a se t o f r e c om m e n da t i o ns t o t h e hi g h e r e d u ca t i o n s e c t o r w it h e a c h s e ct i o n. greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), guidelines, best practice, case studies S t ua r t, R a l p h a n d T h o m as B a lf ( 2 0 0 0 ). E M S ' S A N D A C A DE M I A : PR A CT I C A L C O N SI D E R A T I O N S A N D T O O L S. U n iv e r s it y o f V e r mo n t. <http://esf.uvm.edu/c2e2/ems_assessment/calems/index.htm> S l id e p r e s e n t a t i o n d i s cu s s i ng t h e U. S. E n v ir o n m en t a l P r o t ec t i o n A g e nc y s r o l e i n g r e e n i ng h i g h e r e d u c a t i on, t he r o le a n d c h a r a c t e r o f a n a p pr o p r ia t e ca m p u s e n v ir o n m en t a l m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m, a n d t w o E M S - r e l a t e d h ig h e r e d u c a t i o n i n i t ia t i v es t h e L a b X L P r o j e c t a n d t h e C a m p u s C o n so r t i u m f o r E n v i r o n m e n t a l E x c el l e n ce ( C 2 E 2 ). greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), C 2 E 2, U.S. EPA T e ic h e r t, K u rt ( 2 0 0 0 ). U N I V E R S I T Y A N D I N S T I T U T IO N A L C L I M A T E C H A NG E A C T IO N P L A NS. B r o w n U ni v e r si t y. <http://www.brown.edu/departments/brown_is_green/curc/wasteccap/nrc00_ccap_files/v3_docum ent.htm> S l id e p r e s e n t a t i o n h i g hl i g h t i n g ou t s t a n d i n g i n s t i t u t io n a l e x a m pl e s of c l im a t e p r o t ec t i o n i n i t i a t i v e s i n h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n a n d i de n t i fy i n g u s e f u l p e r t i n e nt r e so u r c es. greening the campus, sustainability management, climate protection, best practice, case studies CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 29

T h o m a s, C h a r le s, Te s s a T e n n an t a nd J o n R o l ls ( 2 0 0 0 ). T H E G H G I N D IC A T O R: UN E P G U I DE L I N E S F O R C A L CU L A T IN G G R E E N H O U SE G A S E M I SS I O N S F O R B U S IN E S S E S A N D N O N - C O M M E R C I A L O R G A N I Z A T I O N S. Un i t e d N a t io n s En v i r o n m e n t P r o g r a m m e ( U N EP ). <http://www.greenbiz.com/toolbox/tools_third.cfm?linkadvid=6023> greening the campus, climate protection, assessment tool, guidelines T h o m p s o n, D i xo n a nd S e re n a va n B ak e l ( 1 9 9 5 ). A PR A CT I C A L I N T RO D U C T I O N T O E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT O N C A N A D I A N C A M PU S E S. O t t a w a, C a na d a : N a t i o n a l R o un d T ab l e o n t h e E n v ir o n m e n t a nd t h e E c o no m y ( N R T E E). A n o u t s t a n d i ng g u id e t o e n v ir o n m en t a l m a n a g e m e n t t o o ls f o r h i g he r e du c a t io n. P r o v i de s a n o v er v i e w o f li t e r a t u r e r e l a t e d t o e n v ir o n m en t a l m a n a g e m e n t i n hi g h e r e d u ca t i o n; d i sc u s s es c r it i c a l e n v i r o n m e n t a l m a n a g e m e nt t o ol s, in c l u di n g su b s t a n t i a l m a t er i a l o n a ss e s s m e n t m e t h o do l o g y; a n d d i sc u s s es e n v i r o n m e n t a l m a n a g e m e nt w i t h i n t h e c on t e x t o f en e r g y, w a t e r, so l i d w a s t e, h a z a r d o u s m a t e r i a ls, a nd t r a n s p o r t a t i on. I ns t i t u t i o n a l e x a m p l e s f r o m C a n a d a a nd t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s a r e pr o v i de d t h r o u g h ou t. greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), assessment, guidelines, best practice, case studies T h o m p s o n, G i o i a ( 19 9 9 ). S U C CE S S E S, ME S SE S A ND P U B L I C R E L A T I O N S: B U I L D I N G C O M M U N I T Y W I T H A N E N V IR O N M E N T A L A U D IT. U n i v e r s i t y o f Ve r m o nt. <http://esf.uvm.edu/envcncl/succmess.html> T h e c o o r d i n a t o r o f t h e U n i v er s i t y o f V e r m o nt E n v i r o n m e n t a l C o u nc i l r e l a t es t h e c o u nc i l ' s e x pe r i e nc e s wi t h a n i n no v a t iv e a pp r o a ch t o c a m p u s s u st a i n a b i l i t y a s se s s m en t. R a t h e r t h a n s p e nd i n g c o u n t l e ss h o u r s c ol l e c t i n g da t a, t h e C S A t ea m c ho s e t o f o cu s m or e o f i t s r e s o u r c e s o n b u i l di n g r e la t i o ns h i p s w i t h s t a ff a n d a d m in i s t r a t i o n a n d i n v o lv i n g t h e m t h r o u g h o u t t h e p r o c es s. Th e r e la t i o ns h i p s t h a t d e v el o p e d a l o ng t h e w a y r e s u lt e d in i m pr e s s iv e l ev e l s o f c oo p e r a t i o n a n d a g e n er a l e n ha n c e m e n t of e n v i r o n m e n t a l a w a r e n e s s o n ca m p u s, t h er e b y m a k i ng f u r t h e r e f f o r t s m u c h e a s i e r a n d m o r e a m b it i o u s f o l lo w - u p p r o je c t s m o r e l i k e ly t o s u c c ee d. greening the campus, assessment, case study, staff involvement U B C C a m pu s S us t a i na b i l it y O ff i c e ( 2 0 0 1). S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y C O O RD I N A T O R T O O L K I T S. U n iv e r s it y o f B r i t i s h C o l u m bi a. < http://www.sustain.ubc.ca/sctools/sctoolkitmainindex.htm> Sets of guidelines and other materials related to energy conservation, transportation, and materials efficiency, designed to facilitate the activities of volunteer departmental sustainability coordinators at the University of British Columbia. Part of an innovative program coordinated by the UBC Campus Sustainability Office. greening the campus, sustainability management, staff involvement, guidelines, energy conservation, transportation, waste management U h l, C h ri s t o ph e r, A m y A n d e r so n a nd G a rr e t t F i t z g e r a l d ( 2 0 0 0 ). H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N: G O O D F O R T H E P L A NE T? B u ll e t i n o f t h e E c o l o g ic a l So c i e t y o f A m e r ic a 8 1( 2 ) : 1 5 2-15 6. sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus U h l, C h ri s t o ph e r an d A my A n de r s o n ( 2 0 0 1 ). G R E E N D E S T I N Y : UN I V E R S I T I E S L E A DI N G T H E W A Y T O A S U S T A I N A BL E F U T UR E. B i o S c i e nc e 5 1( 1 ) : 3 6-4 2. sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus U h l, C h ri s t o ph e r, e t a l. ( 1 9 9 6 ). " S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y : A T O U CH S T O NE C O N CE P T FO R U N I V E R S I T Y O P E RA T I O NS, ED U CA T I O N, A N D R E S E A R C H. " C o ns e r v at i o n B i o l o g y 1 0 ( 5 ) : 13 0 8-1 3 11. sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus, assessment 30 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

U n it e d K i n g d o m D e pa r t m e n t o f t h e E n v i ro n m e nt, T ra n s p o r t a nd t h e R e g io n s En e r g y E f fi c i e nc y B e s t P ra c t i c e P r o g r a m me ( 1 9 9 6 ). C O M BI N E D H E A T A N D P O W E R ( C HP ) I N U N I V E R S I T I E S ( Go o d Pr a c t ic e G ui d e 2 0 4 ). W at f o r d, U K : B R E C S U. A g u i d e t o a ss e s s in g t he p o t e n t i a l f o r a n d i n s t a l l i n g c o m bi n e d h e a t a n d po w e r s y s t em s a t a c ol l e g e o r u n iv e r s it y. I n c l u de s c a s e s t u d i e s. P a r t o f a s e r i e s of p u bl i c a t i o n s a d d r es s i n g e n e r g y e ff i c i en c y be s t p r a c t i c e i n hi g h e r e d u ca t i o n. greening the campus, sustainability management, energy conservation, guide/manual, best practice, case studies U n it e d K i n g d o m D e pa r t m e n t o f t h e E n v i ro n m e nt, T ra n s p o r t a nd t h e R e g io n s En e r g y E f fi c i e nc y B e s t P ra c t i c e P r o g r a m me ( 1 9 9 7 a ). T H E B E N E F I T S O F I N C L U D I N G E N E RG Y E F F IC I E N CY E A R L Y I N T H E D E S IG N S T A GE : A N G L I A P O L Y T E C H NI C U N I V E R S I T Y ( G o o d P r ac t i c e C a s e S t u dy 3 3 4 ). W at f o r d, U K : B R E C S U. O u t l i n e s a n in n o v a t i v e s t r a t e g y a d o p t ed b y t h e m a n a g em e n t t e a m a t A ng l i a P o l y t e c h n ic U n iv e r s it y f o r t h e c o n s t r u c t io n o f a n ew l o w e n e r g y b u i l d i ng. P a r t o f a s er i e s o f p u b l i c a t i o n s a d d r e s s i ng e n er g y e f fi c i e nc y b es t p r a c t i ce i n h i g h er e d u c a t i on. greening the campus, energy conservation, green building design, best practice, case study U n it e d K i n g d o m D e pa r t m e n t o f t h e E n v i ro n m e nt, T ra n s p o r t a nd t h e R e g io n s En e r g y E f fi c i e nc y B e s t P ra c t i c e P r o g r a m me ( 1 9 9 7 b ). E N E RG Y E F F IC I E N CY I N F U R T H E R A N D H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N: C O S T - E F F E C T I V E L O W E N E RG Y B U I L D I N G S ( E n e r g y C o n s u mp t i o n G u id e 5 4 ). W at f o r d, U K : B R E C S U. A br i e f g u i d e t o en e r g y- e f f ic i e n t b u i ld i n g d e s i g n, i nt e n d ed f o r e n e r g y m a n a g e m e n t st a f f a n d se n i o r m a na g e r s. C o nt a i n s s u g g e s t i on s f or r e a l i z i ng e n er g y co n s e r v a t i on t h r o u g h b u i l di n g de s i g n a n d r e t r o f i t t i n g, s t r a t e g i c m a n a g e m e nt, e ne r g y p u r c ha s i n g a n d m a i n t e n a n ce, a nd p r ov i d e s a m et h o d f o r a s se s s i ng e n er g y u s a g e a n d co s t s i n a r a n g e o f fa c i l it y t yp e s. P a r t o f a s e r i es o f p u b l ic a t i on s a dd r e s si n g e n er g y ef f i c ie n c y b e s t p r a c t i c e in h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n. greening the campus, energy conservation, sustainability management, guide/manual U n it e d K i n g d o m D e pa r t m e n t o f t h e E n v i ro n m e nt, T ra n s p o r t a nd t h e R e g io n s En e r g y E f fi c i e nc y B e s t P ra c t i c e P r o g r a m me ( 1 9 9 8 a ). E D U CA T E D E N E RG Y : GO O D H O U SE K E E PI N G IN F U R T H E R A N D H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N B U I L D I N G S ( G o o d P r ac t i c e G u i de 2 3 2 ). W at f o r d, U K : B R EC S U. A br i e f g u i d e f o r e n e r g y m a na g e r s i n hi g h e r e d u ca t i o n, u s in g c a s e s t u d i e s t o il l u s t r a t e e n e r g y e f fi c i e nc y m ea s u r es r e q u i r i ng l i t t l e or n o c a p i t a l i nv e s t m e n t. A l s o i n c l u d e s a s e t o f a t t r a c t i v e po s t e r s c o nt a i n in g e ne r g y c o n s er v a t io n t ip s f or t h ei r r es p e c t i v e a u d i e nc e s, i n c l u d i n g c a t e r i n g se r v i ce s, l a bo r a t or y t ec h n i ci a n s, l i b r a r i e s, m a in t e n a n c e st a f f, a n d o t h e r s. P a r t o f a s er i e s o f p u b l i c a t i o n s a d dr e s s in g e ne r g y e f f i ci e n c y b e s t p r a ct i c e i n h ig h e r e d u c a t i o n. greening the campus, sustainability management, energy conservation, guide/manual, case studies U n it e d K i n g d o m D e pa r t m e n t o f t h e E n v i ro n m e nt, T ra n s p o r t a nd t h e R e g io n s En e r g y E f fi c i e nc y B e s t P ra c t i c e P r o g r a m me ( 1 9 9 8 b ). S T U DE N T E N E RG Y A W A RE N E S S S C H E M E : U N I V E R S I T Y O F E A S T A N G L I A ( G o o d P r ac t i c e C a s e S t u dy 3 6 7 ). W at f o r d, U K : B R E C S U. D o cu m e n t s a su c c e ss f u l s t u d en t - l ed e n er g y ef f i c ie n c y c a m p a i g n a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f E a s t A n g l ia. W r it t e n p r i m a r i l y f o r es t a t e a n d f i n a nc e d ep a r t m e n t s a n d st u d e nt u n io n r ep r e s en t a t iv e s. P a r t o f a s e r i e s of p u bl i c a t i o n s a d d r es s i n g e n e r g y e ff i c i en c y be s t pr a c t ic e i n h i g he r e du c a t io n. greening the campus, energy conservation, best practice, case study CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 31

U n it e d St a t e s E n v ir o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e nc y ( 19 9 0 ). G U I DE S T O P O L L U T I O N P R E V E N T I ON : R E S E A R C H A N D E D U CA T I O NA L I N S T I T U T IO N S. Wa s h i ng t o n, D. C.: U. S. G o ve r n m e n t P ri n t i ng O f fi c e : E P A / 6 2 5 / 7-9 0 / 0 10. A g u i d e t o a ss e s s in g o pp o r t u n i t i es f o r h a z a r d o u s w a s t e m i ni m i z a t i o n i n a h i g h er e d u c a t i on i n st i t u t i o n. I n c l u d e s a s s e s sm e n t q u e s t i o n n a i r e s a n d st r a t eg y c he c k l is t s fo r h a z a r d ou s w a s t e m i ni m i z a t i o n. greening the campus, assessment, guide/manual, hazardous substances, case studies, U.S. EPA U n it e d St a t e s E n v ir o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e nc y ( 19 9 7 ). C E MP S E L F- A S S E S S M E NT M A T RI X. I m pl e m e nt a t i o n G u id e f o r t h e C o d e o f En v i r o n m e n t a l M an a g e me n t Pr i n c ip l e s f o r Fe d e r al A g e n c i e s ( C E MP ). U. S. EP A. <http://es.epa.gov/oeca/cemp/cpgch8.pdf> S e lf - a s se s s m en t t oo l d es i g n ed f o r U. S. g o v er n m e nt a g en c i e s s e e k i n g co n f o r m a n c e t o t h e E P A C o de o f E n v i r o n m e nt a l M a n a g em e n t P r i n ci p l e s ( C E M P ). Th e w el l - d es i g n ed m a t r i x co v e r s f i v e p r i nc i p l es ( m a n a g e m e n t co m m i t m e n t, c o m pl i a n ce a s su r a n ce a n d p o l lu t i o n p r e v e n t i on, e na b l i ng s y st e m s, p e r f o r m a n c e a n d a cc o u n t a b i l it y, a n d m ea s u r em e n t a n d im p r o v e m e n t ). U se d b y t h e C a m p u s C o ns o r t iu m f or E n v i r o n m e n t a l E x c el l e n ce ( C 2 E 2 ) in d e v e l o p in g a h i g h er e d u c a t i on - s p ec i f i c e n v i r o n m e n t a l m a n a g e m e nt s e lf - a s se s s m en t t oo l. sustainability management systems (SMS), assessment tool, U.S. EPA, C 2 E 2 U n it e d St a t e s E n v ir o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e nc y ( 19 9 8 ). W A T E R C O N SE R V A T I O N P L A N G U I DE L I N E S. U. S. EP A. <http://www.epa.gov/owm/wecongid.htm> E x ce l l e nt g u id e l i ne s f or d e v e l o p in g a c o m p r e h e n si v e wa t e r c o n s er v a t io n p la n, in c l u di n g ex t e n si v e g u id a n c e a n d a s s e ss m e n t t o o ls f o r c h a r a c t e r i z i n g e x i st i n g w a t e r s y s t e m s, i d e n t i f y i ng c o ns e r v a t i o n o p po r t u ni t i e s, s e le c t i ng c o ns e r v a t i o n m e a s u r e s, a n d de v e l op i n g a n i m p l e m en t a t io n s t r a t e g y. C on t a i ns t h r e e s ep a r a t e s e t s o f g u i d el i n e s d e s ig n e d f o r wa t e r s y s t em s o f d i f fe r e n t s c a le s. sustainability management, water conservation, assessment, guidelines, U.S. EPA U n it e d St a t e s E n v ir o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e nc y ( 19 9 9 ). E N E RG Y S T A R P U R CH A S I NG T O O L K I T : A G U I DE T O B U Y IN G E N E RG Y - E F F IC I E N T P R O DU C T S. U. S. EP A. <http://www.epa.gov/nrgystar/purchasing> A co m p r eh e n s iv e o n- l i n e g u i de t o t h e sp e c i fi c a t io n a nd p u r c h a s e o f en e r g y- e f f ic i e n t p r o du c t s. I n cl u d e s p r o du c t in f o r m a t i o n, s p ec i f i ca t i o n l a n g u a g e a n d so u r c e l i s t i n g s f o r hi g h - ef f i c ie n c y p r o d u c t s. A l so a v a i l a b le i n h a r d - c o p y f o r m a t. "green" purchasing, energy conservation, guide/manual, U.S. EPA U n it e d St a t e s E n v ir o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e nc y ( 2 0 0 0 a ). E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT G U I DE F O R S M A L L L A B OR A T O RI E S. U. S. EP A. <http://www.epa.gov/sbo/smalllabguide_500.pdf> A n e x c e ll e n t g u i d e t o de v e l op i n g a n d im p l e m e n t i ng a co m p r eh e n s iv e e nv i r o nm e n t a l m a na g e m en t p r og r a m f o r sm a l l l a b o r a t o r ie s. sustainability management, hazardous substances, guide/manual, U.S. EPA U n it e d St a t e s E n v ir o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e nc y ( 2 0 0 0 b ). T W E NT Y Q U E ST I O N S F O R C O L L E G E A N D U N I V E R S I T Y P R E SI D E N T S. U. S. E P A. <http://www.epa.gov/reg3ecej/compliance_assistance/questpres.htm> A li s t of 2 0 s e l f - a s s e ss m e n t q u e st i o n s f o r p r e s id e n t s o f hi g h e r e d u ca t i o n i n s t i t u t io n s r e g a r di n g t h e i r i n st i t u t i o n s ' e n v ir o n m en t a l m a n a g e m e n t p e r fo r m a nc e a nd r e g u l a t or y c om p l i a n c e. greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), regulatory compliance, guidelines, U.S. EPA 32 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

U n it e d St a t e s E n v ir o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e nc y ( 2 0 0 0 c ). W A S T E R E D UC T I O N M O D E L ( W A R M ). U. S. E P A. <http://www.epa.gov/globalwarming/actions/waste/warm.htm> A s se s s m en t t oo l c r e a t e d t o he l p so l i d w a s t e m a n a g e r s e s t i m a t e g r e e n ho u s e g a s ( G H G ) e m i s si o n s a s so c i a t e d w it h d if f e r en t w a s t e m a n a g em e n t o p t i on s. A v a i l a b l e on - l i ne i n w e b - ba s e d c a l c u l a t o r f o r m a t a n d a s a d ow n l o a d a b l e M i c r o s o f t E x c el s p r e a d s he e t. sustainability management, climate protection, assessment tool, U.S. EPA U n it e d St a t e s E n v ir o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e nc y ( 2 0 0 0 d ). C O M PR E H E NS I V E P R O CU R E M E N T G U I DE L I N E S I I I. U. S. EP A. <http://www.epa.gov/cpg> F i na l v er s i o n o f t h e U. S. E P A ' s co m p r eh e n s iv e p r o c u r em e n t g u i d el i n e s f o r w a s t e m i n im i z a t i o n. O n - l i ne m a t e r i a ls p r ov i d e b r i e f d e s cr i p t io n s, i t e m a v a i la b i l it y, pe r f o r m a n c e, r e le v a n t s p e ci f i c a t i o n s, a n d o t he r p er t i n en t i nf o r m a t i o n f o r ea c h r e c o m m e n d e d p r o du c t. "green" purchasing, waste management, guidelines, U.S. EPA U n it e d St a t e s E n v ir o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e nc y ( 2 0 0 0 e ). O P E RA T I O N A N D M A I NT E N A NC E B E S T P R A CT I C E S S E R IE S. Wa s h i ng t o n, D. C.: U. S. G o ve r n m e n t P ri n t i ng O f fi c e. A se t o f s i x g u i d es t o e n e r g y c o ns e r v a t i o n t h r o u g h t he i m pl e m e nt a t i on o f o p e r a t i o n a n d m a i n t en a n c e ( O &M ) b es t p r a c t i ce s. To p i c s c o v er e d in c l u de : 1 5 O & M b e s t p r a c t i c e s f o r en e r g y- e f f ic i e n t b u i ld i n g s, o b t a i n i ng b e st - p r a c t i c e s e r v i c e co n t r a c t s, d i a g no s t i c m o n it o r i ng t o ol s f or e n er g y - ef f i c ie n t bu i l d in g o p er a t i on, c on d u c t i n g O& M e ne r g y e f f i ci e n c y a s s es s m e nt s, en e r g y m a n a g e m e nt s y st e m s, a n d b e s t p r a c t i c es i n p r e v en t i v e o p e r a t i o ns, t r a c k i ng, a nd s c he d u l in g. sustainability management, energy conservation, U.S. EPA U n it e d St a t e s E n v ir o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e nc y ( 2 0 0 0 f ). Q U E ST I O N S T H A T C O L L E G E A N D U N I V E R S I T Y A T H L E T I C D I R E C T O R S N E E D T O C O N SI D E R R E G A R D I N G T H E S C H OO L ' S S P O RT S F A C IL I T I E S. U. S. E P A. <http://www.epa.gov/reg3ecej/compliance_assistance/questsports.htm> A li s t of 2 0 s e l f - a s s e ss m e n t q u e st i o n s f o r a t h l et i c di r e c t o r s r e g a r di n g en v i r on m e n t a l p er f o r m a n c e a n d r e g u l a t or y c om p l i a n c e of a n i n s t it u t i on s a t h l e t i c f a c i l i t i e s a n d p r o g r a m s. greening the campus, sustainability management, regulatory compliance, guidelines, U.S. EPA U n it e d St a t e s E n v ir o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e nc y ( 2 0 0 1 a ). C O L L E G E A N D U N I V E R S I T Y E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT S Y S T E M G U I DE, DR A FT. U. S. E P A. < http://www.epa.gov/region02/ff/ems/index.html> greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), guide/manual, U.S. EPA U n it e d St a t e s E n v ir o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e nc y ( 2 0 0 1 b ). E N E RG Y S T A R F O R H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N. U. S. EP A. <http://yosemite1.epa.gov/estar/business.nsf/webmenus/highereducation> A hi g h e r e d u ca t i o n- s p e ci f i c e n e r g y c o ns e r v a t i o n a s s i st a n c e p r o g r a m, i n c l u d i n g a s e t o f so p h i st i c a t e d o n - l i n e a n d do w n l oa d a b le t o ol s f or t r a c k i n g a n d c o m p a r i n g e n e r g y u s e i n bu i l d in g s. greening the campus, energy conservation, assessment tool, U.S. EPA CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 33

U n iv e r s it y L e a d e r s f o r a S u st a i n ab l e Fu t u r e, A s so c i a t i o n o f ( U L S F ) ( 1 9 9 9 ). S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y A S S E S S M E NT Q U E ST I O N NA I R E ( S A Q ) F O R C O L L E G E S A N D U N I V E R S I T I E S. UL S F. <http://www.ulsf.org/programs_saq.html> A si m p l e a s s es s m e nt t o ol d e si g n e d t o he l p co l l e g e s a nd u n iv e r s it i e s e v a l u a t e t h e e xt e n t t o w hi c h t h e y a r e s u s t a i n a bl e i n t e a ch i n g a n d pr a c t ic e. D e v e l op e d t h r o u g h e x t e n s i v e c o ns u l t a t i o n w i t h l e a d er s i n t h e f i el d a nd t h r o u g h p i l o t t e s t s a t v a r i ou s i ns t i t u t i o n s. greening the campus, sustainability management, assessment tool, ULSF U n iv e r s it y L e a d e r s f o r a S u st a i n ab l e Fu t u r e, A s so c i a t i o n o f ( U L S F ) ( 2 0 0 0 ). T A L L O I R E S D E C L A R A T IO N R E S OU R C E K I T : A G U I DE T O P R O M O T I N G A N D S I G NI N G T H E T A L L O I R E S D E C L A R A T IO N. <http://www.ulsf.org/programs_talloires.html> sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus, declaration, guidelines, ULSF University Leaders for a Sustainable Future (ULSF) and University of Michigan School of Natural Resources and the Environment (2001). C A M PU S S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y S U R V E Y, DR A FT 2. ULSF. sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus, assessment tool, survey, ULSF U n iv e r s it y o f C o l o r a d o E n v i ro n m e nt a l C e n t e r ( 2 0 0 1 ). G R E E N P R O DU C T S G U I DE : A P U R CH A S E R' S G U I DE T O E N V IR O N M E N T A L L Y F R I E N D L Y P R O DU C T S. U ni v e r si t y o f C o lo r a d o - B o ul d e r. <http://www.colorado.edu/cuenvironmentalcenter/news/publications/publications.html> greening the campus, green purchasing, guidelines U N SW E n vi r o n me n t a l M a n ag e m e nt P r o g r a m ( 2 0 0 0 ). G R E E N - O F F IC E R A T IN G Q U E ST I O N NA I R E. Un i v e rs i t y o f N e w S o ut h W al e s. <http://www.emp.unsw.edu.au/gop/greenofficerating/questionnaire.html> A se l f - a s s e s sm e n t i n s t r u m e n t f o r m e a s u r i n g o f f i ce e n v i r o n m e n t a l p e r fo r m a nc e. A n o n - l i n e v e r s io n i s a v a i l a b le t h a t a u t o m a t ic a l l y c a l cu l a t es a n d s c o r e s a ss e s s m e n t r e s p o ns e s. greening the campus, assessment tool, office practices U. S. G r e e n B ui l d i ng C o un c i l ( 2 0 0 0 ). L E ED G R E E N B U I L D I N G R A T IN G S Y S T E M, VE R SI O N 2. 0. U. S. G r e e n B ui l d i ng C o un c i l. <http://www.usgbc.org> M o st r e ce n t v e r s i on o f L e a d er s h i p i n E n e r g y a n d E n v i r o n m e nt a l D e s i g n ( L E E D ) g r e e n bu i l d in g s t a n d a r ds. green building design, guidelines V a n B a k e l, S e r e n a ( 1 9 9 4 ). I N T RO D U C T I O N OF E N V IR O N M E N T A L A U D IT I N G A S A N E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT T O O L F O R T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F C A L GA R Y ( m as t e r s t h e s i s ). F a c u l t y o f E nv i r o nm e n t al D e si g n. C a l g a ry, C an a d a : U n i ve r s i t y o f C a l g ar y. A m a s t e r ' s t he s i s p r o j ec t d r a w i n g o n en v i r on m e n t a l a u d i t i ng l i t e r a t u r e a nd t h e r e s u l t s of a su r v e y o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l m a n a g e m e nt a t 4 9 C a n a d i a n h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n in s t i t u t i o ns t o d e v e lo p a nd c o nd u c t a p a r t i a l c a m p u s s u st a i n a b i l i t y a s se s s m en t o f t h e U n i v er s i t y o f C a l g a r y. greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), best practice, guidelines, assessment, survey, thesis project V e ne t o u li s, J a s o n ( 2 0 0 1). A S S E S S I N G T H E E C O L O G I C A L I M P A C T O F A U N I V E R S I T Y : T H E E C O L O G I C A L F O O T P R I N T F O R T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F R E D L A N D S. I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u rn a l o f S u st a i n ab i l i t y i n H i g h e r E d uc a t i o n 2 ( 2 ) : 18 0-1 9 7. greening the campus, assessment, case study 34 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

V i e b a h n, P e t e r ( 2 0 0 0 ). O S N A B R U C K' S M O D E L O F E N V IR O N M E N T A L M A N A G E M E NT F O R U N I V E R S I T I E S : IT S T E N B U I L D I N G B L O CK S A ND T H E IR I M P L E M E N T A T I O N. U n i v e r s i t y o f O s na b r u c k. <http://www.usf.uni-osnabrueck.de/projects/sue/um-modell/index.en.html> D i sc u s s es t h e e l e m e n t s o f a n e n v ir o n m en t a l m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m ( E M S ) m o d e l f o r co l l e g e s a nd u n iv e r s it i e s, d e v el o p e d a n d l a t e r i m p le m e n t e d a t t h e U n i v er s i t y o f Os n a b r u c k. A u t h or s m a i n t a in t h a t a l t h o u g h e x a m p l e s o f e nv i r o nm e n t a l p r ot e c t io n m ea s u r es c a n b e fo u n d t h r o u g h o u t t h e s e c t or, a s y st e m a t i c, pr o f e ss i o n a l a p pr o a c h t o en v i r on m e n t a l m a n a g e m e n t is l a ck i n g. T h e p r o p os e d E M S m o de l i nt r o d u c e s 1 0 " E nv i r o nm e n t a l M a na g e m en t B u i l d i ng B l oc k s " g e n e r a l e no u g h t o b e a p pr o p r ia t e fo r m a n y d if f e r en t i ns t i t u t i o n a l c o nt e x t s. greening the campus, sustainability management systems (SMS), ISO 14000, EMAS, guidelines, staff involvement V i e d e r m an, S t e p h e n ( 1 9 9 4 ). E C O L O G I C A L L I T E R A C Y : C A N C O L L E G E S S A V E T H E W O R L D? S e c o n d Na t u r e. <http://www.secondnature.org/resource_center/resource_center_biblio.html> O f fe r s a s k e pt i c a l v i e w o f hi g h e r e d u ca t i o n' s a bi l i t y t o r e s p o nd a d eq u a t el y t o t h e e c o l og i c a l c r i si s. H i g h e r ed u c a t i o n pl a y s a n e ss e n t ia l r ol e i n s u s t a i n a bl e d ev e l o pm e n t, i n t h a t it i s b o t h a m a jo r s ou r c e o f o u r u n s u s t a i n a bl e c u l t u r a l p a t t e r n s a n d c a p a bl e o f b r i ng i n g a b o u t d e e p p a r a d i g m a t i c ch a n g e. Y e t, m a ny b a r r i e r s t o t h i s ex i s t, i n c lu d i n g a c a de m i a ' s o w n s t r on g t r a d i t io n o f r e s is t a n ce t o c h a n g e. T he a r t i c l e c o n c lu d e s p e s s im i s t ic a l l y a b o u t t h e l i k el i h o od t h a t h i g h e r ed u c a t i o n wi l l r i s e t o t h e o c c a s i o n. sustainability in higher education (SHE), education for sustainability (EFS), conference proceedings V i si o n fo r a n I n t e r n a t io n a l C h a r t e r o n t h e E n v i ro n m e nt f o r S t u de n t s ( V O I C E S ) ( 1 9 9 8 ). G L O BA L S T U DE N T E N V IR O N M E N T A L C H A RT E R. Is t a n bu l : VO I C E S. I n t e r n a t i o n a l d e c la r a t io n c r e a t e d i n I s t a n bu l, Tu r k e y b y st u d e nt r e pr e s e nt a t i v e s f r o m e v e r y co n t i ne n t o f t h e wo r l d, o u t li n i n g t h e r o l e o f s t u d e n t s o f h i g h er e d u c a t i on i n st i t u t i o n s i n s u s t a i na b l e d e v e l o p m e n t. sustainability in higher education (SHE), declaration, guidelines W a lt o n, J u l i a ( 1 9 9 5 ). R E C OM M E N DA T I O NS F O R E N V IR O N M E N T A L R E P OR T I N G I N I N S T I T U T IO N S OF H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N ( c o n s u l t a t i o n d o c um e n t ). T a ll o i r e s S e c r e t a ri a t. greening the campus, sustainability management, reporting, guidelines W a lt o n, J u l i a ( 2 0 0 0 ). S H O UL D M O N IT O R I NG B E C O M PU L S O RY W I T HI N V O L UN T A R Y E N V IR O N M E N T A L A G R E E M E N T S? S u st a i n ab l e De v e l o p m e n t ( 8 ) : 1 4 6-1 5 4. Uses survey evidence from the private and higher education sectors to demonstrate that compulsory monitoring within voluntary agreements is important to their effectiveness and long term credibility. Discusses the Internet as a useful medium for supporting these communications. greening the campus, sustainability management, reporting W a lt o n, J u l i a a n d T o n y A l a b as t e r ( 1 9 9 6 ). I N S T I T U T IO N A L E N V IR O N M E N T A L R E P OR T I N G U S I NG T H E W O R L D W I D E W E B. I n du s t r y a n d t h e En v i r o n m e n t : P r ac t i c al A p pl i c a t i o n s o f E n vi r o n me n t a l M a n ag e m e nt A p pr o a c he s i n B u s in e s s. J o h n P. U l ho i a nd H e nn i n g M a d s e n, e d s. A a rh u s Sc h o o l o f B u s i n e s s : 2 9-3 9. Discusses the benefits of institutional environmental reporting and the advantages of using the Internet as a medium for communicating environmental information. sustainability management, reporting CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 35

W a lt o n, J u l i a, T o ny A l ab a s t e r a n d K a t hr y n J o n e s ( 2 0 0 0 ). E N V IR O N M E N T A L A C C OU N T A BI L I T Y : WH O ' S K I D DI N G W H O M? E n vi r o n me n t a l M a n ag e m e nt 2 6 ( 5 ) : 5 1 5-5 2 6. Discusses the results of an international survey of Talloires Declaration signatories, and critically examines the extent to which the declaration has stimulated environmental responsibility in higher education institutions. greening the campus, sustainability management, reporting W a lt o n, J u l i a, e t a l. ( 1 9 9 7 ). E N V IR O N M E N T A L R E P OR T I N G F O R G L O BA L H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N I N S T I T U T IO N S U S I NG T H E W O R L D W I D E W E B. T h e E n v ir o n m e n t a l is t 1 7 ( S e p t e m b e r ) : 1 9 7-2 0 8. Discusses the many advantages of environmental reporting by higher education institutions using the Internet. greening the campus, sustainability management, reporting W o rc e s t e r, S us a n an d R ik k K vi t e k ( 1 9 9 7 ). T H E V A L UE O F G R E E N C A M PU S P R O J E C T S : A C A S E S T U DY F R OM C A L IF O R N IA S T A T E U N I V E R S I T Y M O N T E R R E Y B A Y. G r e e n i n g o f t h e C a mp u s II : T he N e xt S t e p. R o be r t J. K o e s t e r, e d. M u nc i e, I N : B a l l St a t e U n i v e r s i t y : 3 6-4 1. D e sc r i b es t h e s u c ce s s e s a n d m e s s es o f t h e fi r s t t w o se m e s t e r s of a ca m p u s g r e en i n g c o u r se a t C a li f o r ni a U ni v e r si t y a t M o nt e r e y B a y. E m p ha s i z es t h e i m p or t a n ce o f g a u g in g t he c h a r a c t er o f a p r oj e c t ( e. g., s c op e, di f f i cu l t y ) b y t h e c ha r a c t e r o f t h e s t u d en t s ( e. g., m o t iv a t i on a l le v e l, c l a ss s i z e, m a jo r / m in o r st a t u s). greening the campus, education for sustainability (EFS), course-based projects, assessment, case study, conference proceedings W r ig h t, T a r a h S h a ro n A le x a n dr a ( in p r e s s ). A R E V IE W O F D E F IN I T I ON S A ND F R A M E W O R KS F O R S U S T A I N A BI L I T Y I N H I G HE R E D U CA T I O N. H i g h e r Ed u c a t i o n Po l i c y a nd I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o ur n a l o f S us t a i na b i l it y i n H i g he r E du c a t io n ( J u n e / J u l y 2 0 0 2 ). sustainability in higher education (SHE), greening the campus, declarations 36 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

Additional CSA Resources I. SUSTAINABILITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION ORGANIZATIONS AND INITIATIVES Key Higher Education-specific Organizations Association of University Leaders for a Sustainable Future (ULSF) http://www.ulsf.org Australian University Environmental Management Network http://www.emp.unsw.edu.au/auemn/index.htm Campus Consortium for Environmental Excellence (C 2 E 2 ) http://esf.uvm.edu/c2e2/ Center for Respect of Life and Environment (CRLE) http://www.crle.org/ College and University Recycling Council (CURC) http://www.earthsystems.org/curc/curc.html Cooperation Programme in Europe for Research on Nature and Industry through Coordinated University Studies (COPERNICUS) http://www.copernicus-campus.org/ Environmental Association for Universities and Colleges (EAUC) http://www.eauc.org.uk German Network for an Environmentally Sound Development of Universities http://www.eco-campus.net/index.en.html Global Higher Education for Sustainability Partnership (GHESP) http://www.unesco.org/iau/ghesp/ghesp.html Higher Education Network for Sustainability in the Environment (HENSE) http://www.hense.org International Association of Universities (IAU) http://www.unesco.org/iau/tfsd_first.html National Wildlife Federation, Campus Ecology Program http://www.nwf.org/campusecology/ New Jersey Higher Education Partnership for Sustainability (NJHEPS) http://orion.ramapo.edu/~jquigley/njheps/ North American Alliance for Green Education (NAAGE) http://www.naage.org/ Second Nature http://www.secondnature.org Sustainable Higher Education http://www.dho21.nl/english CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 37

Noteworthy Initiatives Related to Sustainability in Higher Education Associated Colleges of the South (ACS) Environmental Program http://www.colleges.org/~enviro/ Association of Canadian Community Colleges (ACCC) Energy Efficiency Program http://www.accc.ca/energyefficiency/index.htm Auditing Instrument for Sustainable Higher Education (AISHE) http://www.dho21.nl/english/network/criteria.html Center for Sustainable Systems Campus Ecology: Environmental Performance Assessment and Reporting (Economicology) http://css.snre.umich.edu/ Clean Air, Cool Planet Northeast Higher Education Initiative http://www.cleanair-coolplanet.org College and University Recycling Council (CURC) Reporting Standards Project http://www.brown.edu/departments/brown_is_green/curc/ COPERNICUS European Solar Campus Initiative http://www.copernicus-campus.org/sites/project_index3.html COPERNICUS Low-Energy University Initiative http://www.copernicus-campus.org/sites/project_index2.html EcoCampus Environmental Management System and Award Scheme http://www.encams.org/pages/programmes/programmes_education/programmes_education_ecoc amp.asp Environmental Management Systems at Universities in North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany http://www.oeve.uni-essen.de/koums/index_engl.htm Laboratory Project XL New England Universities http://esf.uvm.edu/c2e2/labxl/index.html Leonardo Academy Cleaner and Greener http://www.cleanerandgreener.org/colleges.htm Sierra Youth Coalition Sustainable Campuses http://www.sierrayouthcoalition.org/en_ca/suscamp/campus.htm South Carolina Sustainable Universities Initiative (SUI) http://www.sc.edu/sustainableu/ UK Energy Efficiency Best Practice Programme Further and Higher Education Focal Point http://www.energy-efficiency.gov.uk/eebpp/eebpp_template.cfm?identification=150 University-EMS.net http://www.university-ems.net (under construction) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EMS Pilot Project for Colleges and Universities http://www.epa.gov/region01/steward/univ/pilotproject.html 38 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Energy Star for Higher Education http://yosemite1.epa.gov/estar/business.nsf/webmenus/highereducation U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Energy Star Institutional Purchasing for Higher Education http://www.epa.gov/nrgystar/purchasing/higher_ed.html U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Environmentally Preferable Purchasing http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/epp/ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Green Chemistry Program http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/greenchemistry/ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency WasteWise http://www.epa.gov/wastewise/ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Water Alliances for Voluntary Efficiency (WAVE) http://www.epa.gov/owm/faqw.htm U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Working With Colleges and Universities to Improve Environmental Compliance http://www.epa.gov/region02/p2/college/ Workplace Eco-Auditing Initiative http://www.cfe.cornell.edu/wei/ecoaudit%20generic2.htm Outstanding Individual Institutional Programs and Initiatives (alphabetized by institution) ANU Green, Australian National University http://www.anu.edu.au/facilities/anugreen/ Green Committee 2, Ball State University http://www.bsu.edu/provost/ceres/g2/0main/ Brown Is Green (B.I.G.), Brown University http://www.brown.edu/departments/brown_is_green/ Harvard Green Campus Initiative, Harvard University http://www.greencampus.harvard.edu/ Environmental Management, Lund University http://www.lu.se/green-campus/greenpages/index.html Green Destiny Council, Penn State University http://www.sustainable.ufl.edu/ UB-Green, State University of New York at Buffalo http://wings.buffalo.edu/services/recycling/ Tufts Climate Initiative, Tufts University http://www.tufts.edu/tie/tci/ Green Tulane, Tulane University http://green.tulane.edu/ CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide 39

UBC Campus Sustainability Office, University of British Columbia http://www.sustain.ubc.ca/ Environmental Management Committee, University of Calgary http://www.ucalgary.ca/uofc/departments/uemc/ Sustainable UF, University of Florida http://www.sustainable.ufl.edu/ Sustainable University of Michigan, University of Michigan http://www.umich.edu/~usustain/ UO Sustainability, University of Oregon http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~recycle/sustain.htm Environmental Management, University of Osnabruck, Germany http://www.usf.uni-osnabrueck.de/projects/sue/index.en.html Environmental Management, University of Vermont http://esf.uvm.edu/envcncl/ U-Vic Sustainability Project (UVSP), University of Victoria http://uvsp.uvic.ca WATgreen, University of Waterloo http://www.adm.uwaterloo.ca/infowast/watgreen/ II. KEY PERIODICALS RELATED TO SUSTAINABILITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION Copernicus News. Duurzaam Hoger Onderwijs (DHO 21) http://www.dho21.nl/publicaties/ The Declaration. Association of University Leaders for a Sustainable Future (ULSF) http://www.ulsf.org/publications_declaration.html International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education (IJSHE). http://www.emeraldinsight.com/ijshe.htm 40 CSA and Related Literature: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide