Use of remote sensing and satellite images to control CAP eligibility for direct payments 1 Simon Kay Monitoring Agricultural Resources Unit
Joint Research Centre of the EC? 2 JRC Mission: "The mission of the JRC is to provide customerdriven scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of EU policies. As a service of the European Commission, the JRC functions as a reference centre of science and technology for the Union. Close to the policy-making process, it serves the common interest of the Member States, while being independent of special interests, whether private or national.
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European Union budget 2011 5
Bronze Age IACS: The Bedolina map, Valcamonica (Lombardia, Italy) 7
Bronze Age IACS: The Bedolina map, Valcamonica (Lombardia) 8
LPIS example: Slovenia 9
Milestones 1991 of CwRS 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 CAP Reform and IACS Regulation First ITT from Commission with detailed methodological specifications Combined use of photo + SAT Increase of satellite sensors availability RADAR data used as backup First VHR satellite Rejection for doubtful parcels (C4) General use of Ortho imagery Use of VHR satellite CAP Reform and Enlargement First Technical recommendations Technical tolerance at parcel level Pilot test of VHR images Pilot studies Completeness test Area ceiling with LPIS Pilot CwRS in Candidate Countries Additional codes T3-A3 Promotion of Rapid Field Visits Small discrepancies to be checked (Dg-Mg=0) Pilot test on CwRS of cross compliance Training course for Member States Training course for Member States Improvement of measurement accuracy (1,5m buffer / 5%) Pilot studies on Agri Environment Additional codes for GAECs Digital LPIS 100% available 11 Quality control Training course for Candidate countries
2005 CAP reform 12 Cross compliance Environment GAEC Remote Sensing Control Agriculture More spatial checks (slope, riverside, undeclared area ) More objects to identify (fire, erosion, bush, tree lines, isolated trees ) More temporal checks (winter, fixed date, reference period ) Farm All parcels Pastures COP and SA Olive trees Parcels on slopes Parcels along river Landscape features Very high resolution (satellite) images needed Undeclared parcels, forest
Council Reg 73/2009 13
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18 2007 application on 2005 orthophoto and LPIS Farmer s sketch 2007 Farmer claims that the road was built after he submitted his application (i.e.after 15/05/2007) VHR satellite Orthophoto 20/06/20072005
19 Farmer claims that the road was built after he submitted his application (i.e. after 15/05/2007) Road construction has started well before the application was submitted: It can already be detected on High Resolution satellite images early 2006
20 FEASIBLE STANDARDS TO BE CHECKED USING REMOTE SENSING (IX) STANDARD GAEC08: MAINTENANCE OF RETAIN TERRACES, KEEPING THEIR DRAINAGE CAPACITY AND AVOIDING THE RISK OF SILTING UP AND GULLY FORMATION ARCHIVE ORTHOPHOTO NON ELIMINATION OF TERRACES, BOUNDARIES, ETC IS CHECKED BY COMPARISION BETWEEN THE ORTHOPHOTO AND THE VHR IMAGE [Ref. Sardon, MARS PAC Annual Conf. 2007] VHR IMAGE OF THE CURRENT YEAR
FEASIBLE STANDARDS TO BE CHECKED USING REMOTE SENSING (IV) STANDARD GAEC03: AVOID PLOUGHING BETWEEN HARVESTING AND PRE-SOWING, IN THOSE PARCELS CULTIVATED WITH WINTER ARABLE CROPS 21 SUMMER IMAGE SUMMER IMAGE VEGETATION INDEX Cereal stubble Cereal stubble Likely farmered Cereal stubble Cereal stubble Likely farmered Cereal stubble Cereal stubble SUMMER IMAGE IS USED TO CHECK THE EXISTENCE OF SHADES THAT CORRESPOND WITH STUBBLE AND NOT WITH BARE SOIL ACTIVITY. BY MEANS OF THE VEGETATION INDEX OBTAINED FROM THE XS3 SUMMER IMAGE, IT CAN BE CHECKED THAT THE CEREAL STUBBLE SUBENCLOSURES TEXTURE IS NOT AS HOMOGENEOUS AS THE PURE BARE SOILS TEXTURE. IN CASE OF DETECTION OF BARE SOIL, A FIELD VISIT IS PERFORMANCED TO CHECK THE LABOUR DEPTH. [Ref. Sardon, MARS PAC Annual Conf. 2007]
What s for the future? Detailed characterization of rural landscapes (Managed through Land Parcel System LPIS) 22 (Study done by Ekotoxa, CZ) Landscape features (location, type) Hedgerow Group of trees Isolated trees Pond Ancient monument Land use / land cover Arable land pasture Forest Permanent crop Eligibility of land 100% eligible
Management of rural areas 23 Management of Co-existence (GMO non-gmo) GMO maize field Minimum buffer distance from GMO field Maize field not authorized