OMEGA EP OPAL: A Path to a 75-PW Laser System Ultra-broadband front end (NOPA1 to 4) 0.25 J, 2.5 ns, 160 nm OMEGA EP Beamline 4 Beamline 3 6.3 kj 2.5 ns 6.3 kj 2.5 ns Noncollinear optical parametric amplifier EP-OPAL beamline OPCPA in DKDP Beamline 2 Beamline 1 ps (IR) + ns (UV) pulses to EP TC 1.6 kj, 20 fs OMEGA EP target chamber (EP TC) ~75 PW or ~10 24 W/cm 2 D. D. Meyerhofer University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics 56th Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics New Orleans, LA 27 31 October 2014
Summary The Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) is exploring the possibility of using OMEGA EP to pump an ultrahighintensity (10 24 W/cm 2 ) laser beamline Optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA)* makes it possible for solid-state lasers to pump ultrahigh-intensity lasers (tens of fs) Two OMEGA EP beams could be used to produce a 1.6-kJ, 20-fs (75-PW) OPCPA beamline EP-OPAL (optical parametric amplifier line) the two remaining beams would be available as ps or ns beams for target conditioning and pump probe experiments EP-OPAL would extend the high-intensity frontier by two orders of magnitude EP-OPAL s combination of high-energy fs, ps, and ns beams would provide a unique research environment. E23510 *A. Dubietis, G. Jonusauskas, and A. Piskarskas, Opt. Commun. 88, 437 (1992). **I. N. Ross et al., Opt. Commun. 144, 125 (1997).
Collaborators S.-W. Bahk, J. Bromage, D. H. Froula, M. J. Guardalben, D. Haberberger, S. X. Hu, B. E. Kruschwitz, J. F. Myatt, P. M. Nilson, J. B. Oliver, C. Robillard, M. J. Shoup III, C. Stoeckl, W. Theobald, L. J. Waxer, B. Yaakobi, and J. D. Zuegel University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics
An ultra-intense OPCPA extension to OMEGA EP would reach focused intensities approaching 10 24 W/cm 2 Protons relativistic above 10 21 W/cm 2 Laser Monoenergetic c for nuclear science Electron beam Gamma photons Laser pulse Electrons accelerated to &1 GeV Ez Trapped electrons Laser pulse + + + + + + + ++ + ++ + + Instantaneous electron m p - plasma wavelength density Attosecond pulse Ez Ez Filter Incident pulse Ionization front Attosecond pulses from relativistic mirrors for quantum electrodynamic studies Plasma E20943d This laser would be a world-class tool for fundamental science at new intensity regimes.
Noncollinear optical parametric amplifiers (NOPA s) use a three-wave process Signal Nonlinear crystal (2) X Idler (Angles exaggerate for clarity) Pump Energy conservation: Momentum conservation: (use crystal birefringence) ' ~ " ' ~ + ' ~ P S ' k " ' k + ' k I P S Amplified signal I phase matching Signal bandwidth E20591g
The OMEGA EP Laser System could be used to pump a 75-PW, 20-fs OPCPA beamline: EP-OPAL OMEGA EP Beamline 4 Beamline 3 Beamline 2 Beamline 1 Ultra-broadband front end (NOPA1 to 4) NOPA5 pump 100-J KDP ps (IR) + ns (UV) pulses to EP TC 6.3 kj 2.5 ns 6.3 kj 2.5 ns 0.25 J, 2.5 ns, 160 nm NOPA5 25 J NOPA6 1.25 kj NOPA7 2.5 kj Compressor 1.6 kj, 20 fs EP-OPAL beamline OPCPA in DKDP OMEGA EP target chamber (EP TC) ~75 PW or ~10 24 W/cm 2 E23393 Two OMEGA EP beamlines would be used, leaving two ns/ps beamlines for pump probe and other experiments.
There is room in the OMEGA EP Laser Bay for EP-OPAL OMEGA EP Laser Bay EP-OPAL beamline (NOPA5 to NOPA7 + beam transport) Ultra-broadband front end (located in Capacitor Bay 3N below the OMEGA EP Laser Bay) EP-OPAL compressor Short-pulse transport and focusing There are technical challenges gratings: size and damage large KDP crystals fs optics damage threshold dispersion management OMEGA EP Laser Bay EP-OPAL beamline Short-pulse transport and focusing LLE is developing a 7-J, 15-fs beamline to address these challenges Ultra-broadband front end EP-OPAL compressor Existing technologies would allow for 10 PW. E23394a
EP-OPAL will use a two-element focusing system to provide experimental flexibility E23395 f/4.6 off-axis parabola outside the target chamber Elliptical plasma mirror inside the target chamber* part of the experimental design/target disposable could be concave or convex to tune the f/# t: defocal length tl: focal length i: incident angle Laser a Minor axis (2b) Ellipsoid mirror Major axis (2a) b Refocusing plasma mirror/target Fold mirror Intensity enhancement factor 100 10 Target chamber OAP Elliptical plasma mirror concept and demonstration* 1 0.0 0.4 0.8 (Minor axis length)/(major axis length) 0 4 7 13 18 25 *A. Kon et al., J. Phys., Conf. Ser. 244, 032008 (2010).
EP-OPAL will provide a variety of beams for high-energy-density-physics research EP-OPAL should be able to generate a wide array of photon/particle beams, many with unprecedented fluences THz intense x rays up 100 kev gamma ray >10-GeV electron beams multi-gev proton beams (and other ions) The two remaining OMEGA EP beamlines can provide 1- to 10-ns UV beams with up to 6.5 kj 1- to 100-ps IR beams with up to 2.5 kj E23396a
EP-OPAL should extend K-shell extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements to high-z materials Implosion-based continuum EXAFS sources* are not available above ~20 kev researchers are developing more complicated L-shell EXAFS** Betatron sources show promise to produce tens of kev quasicontinuum x-ray sources A spatially coherent quasi-continuum 10-keV x-ray source with a 2-J, 30-fs laser was recently demonstrated d 2 I/d~dS (arbitrary units) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 Experimental betatron x-ray spectrum Model Experimental mean Sixfold filter Experimental standard deviation 0.0 10 0 10 1 10 2 X-ray energy (kev) E23397a *B. Yaakobi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 075501 (2005). **Y. Ping et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 123105 (2013). E. Esarey et al., Phys. Rev. E 65, 056505 (2002). S. Kneip et al., Nat. Phys. 6, 980 (2010).
Summary/Conclusions The Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) is exploring the possibility of using OMEGA EP to pump an ultrahighintensity (10 24 W/cm 2 ) laser beamline Optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA)* makes it possible for solid-state lasers to pump ultrahigh-intensity lasers (tens of fs) Two OMEGA EP beams could be used to produce a 1.6-kJ, 20-fs (75-PW) OPCPA beamline EP-OPAL (optical parametric amplifier line) the two remaining beams would be available as ps or ns beams for target conditioning and pump probe experiments EP-OPAL would extend the high-intensity frontier by two orders of magnitude EP-OPAL s combination of high-energy fs, ps, and ns beams would provide a unique research environment. E23510 *A. Dubietis, G. Jonusauskas, and A. Piskarskas, Opt. Commun. 88, 437 (1992). **I. N. Ross et al., Opt. Commun. 144, 125 (1997).
EXAFS EXAFS is modulations in x-ray absorption caused by interference of the ejected electron wave function with reflections from neighboring atoms Absorbed x-ray photon [E ph > E K ] Electron wave packet R Atomic site Reflected electron wave ' 2 k 2 e 2m = E ph E K, phase is k e R If the two electron waves are in phase: maximum absorption out of phase: minimum absorption E13958d X-ray spectrometer (incident) 57-beam implosion Continuum emission Plastic shell Three stacked beams (shock) CH radiation 10 nm Ti shield overcoated with 17 nm CH 4.5 mm 21.5 mm X-ray spectrometer (EXAFS)