Hrzing Univrsity Library Sourc Citation and Styl Tip Sht Hrzing Univrsity has adoptd th APA Styl for documntation of sourcs. Ths xampls ar basd on th following APA Publication Manual ( APA Manual ). Amrican Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of th Amrican Psychological Association (6 th d.). Washington, D.C.: Amrican Psychological Association. This Tip Sht follows th guidlins in 6 th dition of th APA manual publishd in July 2009 and updatd in a scond printing in Octobr 2009. For mor information, chck th APA s styl wbsit at www.apastyl.org Copis of th manual ar availabl in th Hrzing Univrsity Library. Chaptr 7 of th APA Manual (6 th d.) provids rfrnc xampls. FAQ What sctions do I nd to includ in my papr? CHCK WITH YOUR INSTRUCTOR. In gnral, our acadmic paprs will includ a titl pag, th body of th papr, and th s list. You may also wish to includ figurs and tabls. Your instructor may want you to includ an abstract for longr paprs, additional information on th Titl Pag, hadings, or othr supplmntal matrials. Th format instructions for ths itms ar includd in th APA manual. You should b sur you undrstand your instructor s xpctations. What ar basic ruls for formatting an APA styl papr? Doubl-spac throughout th papr. Numbr all pags including th titl pag in th Hadr. S xampl blow. Us a 1 margin throughout th papr. Us Tims Nw Roman typfac in 12-point font siz. All sourcs listd on th s list must also b citd in th txt of th papr. What typ of citations do I nd to includ in my papr? Whn you prpar a writtn work, you must includ both in-txt citations and a s list. In-txt citations occur at th point of rfrnc in th body of your papr whr you rfr to information you hav locatd in anothr sourc. Th in-txt citation is brif and gnrally includs th author nam and dat of publication. If a dirct quot, th pag numbr is also includd. Radrs can thn locat th full citation for th work citd in your s list. How do I spac and indnt on th s list pag? Doubl-spac s list and us th hanging indnt. S th xampls listd in this Tip Sht. For purposs of this handout, s ar formattd in 1.5 spacing to condns th handout. For your paprs, you should follow th doubl-spacing rul. Whn do I nd to includ pag numbrs in my citations? Ruls rgarding whn to includ pag numbrs in your citation vary. Chck th manual for furthr information. Gnrally, whn citing a dirct quotation, includ th author, yar, and pag numbr. For lctronic sourcs whr a dirct quotation is usd, includ a pag numbr, or if thr ar not pag numbrs but th paragraphs ar visibly numbrd, us th paragraph numbr in plac of th pag numbr and us th abbrviation para. If using an lctronic sourc for a dirct quot, and nithr pag numbrs or paragraphs ar visibl, us a sction hading if possibl to indicat th location. In th absnc of hadings, only includ th author and yar. If paraphrasing from th sourc, a pag numbr is not rquird along with th author and yar, but may b includd to hlp th radr locat th spcific spot in your sourc whr th information is includd. Your instructor may prfr that th pag numbr is includd. Whr can I find additional rfrnc rsourcs to hlp m with APA? S pag 6 of this handout. Prpard by Bth Huw (RV 12.09) 1
Many of my sourcs ar onlin lctronic sourcs. How do I cit thos? Th 6 th d. of th APA Manual includs nw guidlins for lctronic sourcs. Th basic APA rul is that in gnral, w [APA] rcommnd that you includ th sam lmnts, in th sam ordr, as you would for a rfrnc to a fixd-mdia sourc and add as much lctronic information as ndd for othrs to locat th sourcs you citd (p. 187). Sinc th location and storag of lctronic sourcs can chang, som publishrs hav implmntd th DOI Systm. DOI stands for digital objct idntifir and is a uniqu, prsistnt numbr assignd to ach sourc. DOIs always start with a 10 and if an articl has bn assignd on of ths numbrs, you will usually s it at th top of th first pag of th sourc. B carful not to confus th DOI with othr typs of idntifying numbrs a databas providr might assign a documnt. Matrials locatd on th WWW, in subscription databass, and in print sourcs may hav a DOI assignd. Whn this DOI numbr is prsnt, APA rcommnds that it b includd in th citation and no additional locator information such as a URL or databas nam is ndd. Whn th DOI is not availabl, th URL of th journal, book or rport publishr is givn in th citation. A wb sarch may b rquird to locat th URL. S Rul 6.32 in th APA Manual. What if my sourc has no dat? If no dat is givn for your sourc, indicat that with th abbrviation n.d. for no dat. How do I cit an intrviw? Th APA Manual addrsss prsonal communications (intrviws, mail, lttrs, tc.) in Rul 6.20. Sinc th information collctd through ths communications is not rcovrabl to th radr, it is NOT citd in th rfrnc list. Howvr, it must b citd in th txt of th papr. That in-txt citation includs th communicator s initials and last nam, an indication that it is a prsonal communication, and xact dat. For xampl: (B. Smith, prsonal communication, April 15, 2007) What if my sourc has mor than on author? Th first author is listd last nam first and do th sam for additional authors. Includ th & charactr prcding th last author. Do not includ mor than 6 authors. If thr ar mor than 6, abbrviat th 7 th and subsqunt nams as t al. If my sourc is lctronic, do I nd to includ th dat I rtrivd it? Rtrival dats ar not includd unlss th contnt may chang. For xampl, th contnt of a Wiki ntry may chang, so includ th rtrival dat. How do I format URL in my citations? Copy xactly. Do not add hyphns if continuing onto anothr lin. Rathr, brak URL bfor a punctuation mark in th URL. Do not add a priod aftr th URL in your citation. Do not us activ hyprlinks in th txt or s list What is includd on th Titl Pag? 1. Pag hadr which, lik all pags in th papr, includs th Running Had flush lft and th pag numbr flush right. 2. Th titl which summarizs th main ida of th papr. Th titl should b cntrd and on th uppr half of th pag. 3. Author s nam (bylin). Prfrrd format includs first nam, middl initial, last nam. 4. Institutional affiliation. Hadr: For th titl pag, includ th words Running Had as illustratd in this sampl. For othr pags in th papr, do not includ th words Running Had, but do includ th titl (flush lft) and th pag numbr (flush right). Prpard by Bth Huw (RV 12.09) 2
How To Us Th Following xampls Format Follow th format sampl to prpar citations. If th matrial to b citd poss som xcption to th sampl (no author or dat givn, for xampl), rfr to th APA Manual, compar th xcptions to som of th othr sampls to s if you s a similar situation, or consult your instructor or librarian. Idntifis ach part of th citation. = Format for lctronic Sourc (includs Wb and othr Onlin sourcs) In-Txt Format Book: Print Follow this xampl whn prparing th In-Txt Citation for your matrial. ach rfrnc must includ an In- Txt citation as wll as ntry. Griffin, R. W., & brt, R.J. (2002). Businss (6 th d.). Uppr Saddl Rivr, N.J.: Prntic Hall. Author(s). (Dat of publication). Titl (dition numbr if othr than th first dition). Plac of publication: Publishr. In-Txt (Griffin & brt, 2002) Book: lctronic Vrsion of Print Book In-Txt (Austn, 1998) Austn, J. (1998). Prid and prjudic. Rtrivd from http://www.gutnbrg.org/txt/1342 Author. (Dat of publication). Titl. Rtrivd from URL Book: Groups as Authors (Corporations, associations, govrnmnt agncis) Amrican Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of th Amrican Psychological Association (5 th d.). Washington, D.C.: Amrican Psychological Association. Group. (Dat of publication). Titl (dition). Plac of publication: Publishr. In-Txt (Amrican Psychological Association [APA], 2001) Not: Subsqunt in-txt rfrncs would b: (APA, 2001). Chaptr in Anthology or Compilation Stadlmann, M. A. (2001). Commntary on Prsidnt Gorg W. Bush addrss to a joint sssion of Congrss and In-Txt (Stadlmann, 2001) th Amrican popl. In S. Rohd (d.), Wbstr s nw world Amrican words of frdom (pp. 163-179). Nw York, NY: Hungry Minds, Inc. Pom or Short Story from an Anthology Hmingway,. (1925). Soldir's hom. In.V. Robrts & H.. Jacobs (ds.), Litratur: an introduction to rading and writing (7 th d.), (pp. 319-324). Uppr Saddl Rivr, NJ: Parson/Prntic Hall. Author or Pot. (Dat of publication). Titl of short story or pom. ditor s of anthology, Titl of anthology (dition), (pag numbrs of short story or pom). Plac of publication: Publishr. In-Txt (Hmingway, 1925) Prpard by Bth Huw (RV 12.09) 3
Magazin Articl No Author Sports bat. (2003, Jun 23). Sports Illustratd, 98(25), 29. Titl of Articl. (Dat of publication). Titl of Magazin, Vol.(Issu), Pag numbr. In-Txt ( Sports Bat, 2003, Jun 23) Magazin Articl With An Author Alb, A. L. (2003, Jun). Th unarthly landscaps of Mars: Th rd plant is no dad plant. Scintific Amrican, 288(6), 44-53. Author. (Dat of Publication). Titl of articl. Titl of Magazin, Vol(Issu), pag numbr. In-Txt (Alb, 2003, Jun) lctronic Magazin Sal, A. (2006). Th acquisition of opn accss rsarch articls. First Monday, 11(9). Rtrivd from http://firstmonday.org/issus/issu11_10/sal/indx.html In-Txt (Sal, 2006) Journal Articl: Print Author. (Dat of publication). Titl of articl. Titl of Magazin, Vol(Issu). Rtrivd from URL. Not rgarding th URL: Th hom pag URL of th publication is rquird. In addition, if it is difficult to locat th articl from th hompag, thn an xact URL will b hlpful. This xampl uss th full URL for that rason. Robrts, D. (2003). Mntoring: Th futur of nursing. MdSurg Nursing, 12(3), 143. Author. (Dat of publication). Titl of articl. Titl of Journal, Vol(Issu), pag numbr. In-Txt (Robrts, 2003) Journal Articl: lctronic with DOI Stickgold, R. (2005). Slp-dpndnt mmory consolidation. Natur, 437(7063), 1272. doi:10.1038/natur04286 Basic lmnts of th citation ar th sam as that of a print publication. Th DOI is addd at th nd to idntify th lctronic location. Notic that doi is all in lowr cas and thr is no priod following th DOI numbr. For mor on citing with DOI numbrs, s th Manual at pags 198-199. In-Txt (Stickgold, 2005) Journal Articl: lctronic without DOI Jncks, C. (2004). Natur talking with natur. Th Architctural Rviw, 215(1283), 66. Rtrivd from http://www.arplus.com Basic lmnts of th citation ar th sam as that of a print publication. Whn no DOI is availabl for an lctronic sourc (whthr found on th Wb or a subscription databas), locat th hom pag URL for th publication and includ that aftr th words Rtrivd from. For mor on this format, s th manual at 190-192; 199. In-Txt (Jncks, 2004) Prpard by Bth Huw (RV 12.09) 4
Nwspapr Articl With an Author or Bylin Rockwll, J. (2003, July 9). Convrsing on th arts by clicking a mous. Nw York Tims, p. B3. Author. (Dat of publication). Articl titl. Nwspapr titl, pag numbrs. Not: Includ all pag numbrs. If on discontinuous pags, list all and sparat with a comma. In-Txt (Rockwll, 2003, July 9) Nwspapr Articl: lctronic statmnt indicating th URL.) (Not: If th nwspapr articl is from an onlin databas, includ a rtrival Mattioli, D. (2007, Fbruary 7). You can say too much without vn spaking. Carr Journal: Th Wall Strt Journal xcutiv Carr Sit. Rtrivd from http://www.carrjournal.com/ Author. (Dat of publication). Articl titl. Nwspapr titl. Rtrivd from URL In-Txt (Mattioli, 2007, Fbruary 7) Signd Articl in ncyclopdia or Work. If no author, us titl of ntry as first lmnt. Boydston, J. (2001). Womn in th labor forc. In Boyr, P. S. (d.), Th Oxford Companion to Unitd Stats History (pp. 834-835). Nw York: Oxford Univrsity Prss, Inc. Articl or ntry author. (Dat of publication). Titl of ntry. In ditor Nam (d.), Titl of Book (pag numbrs). Location: Publishr. In-Txt (Boydston, 2001) Work: lctronic Marsh, D. (2007). lvis Prsly. In ncyclopdia Britannica Onlin. Rtrivd from http://www.britannica.com/ Author. (Dat of publication). Titl of ntry. In Titl of rfrnc work. Rtrivd from URL In-Txt (Marsh, 2007) Tchnical and Rsarch Rports: lctronic (Includs Govrnmnt Rports) Lif Scincs Rsarch Offic, Fdration of Amrican Socitis for xprimntal Biology. (1995). Third rport on nutrition monitoring in th Unitd Stats, xcutiv summary. Rtrivd from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/misc/tronm.pdf Authoring Organization or agncy if not a prsonal author. (Dat of publication). Titl of rport. Rtrivd from URL Not: If a rport numbr has bn assignd, giv it aftr th titl in parnthss. If th publishing agncy is not listd as th author, list it in th rtrival statmnt. In-Txt (Lif Scincs Rsarch Offic, Fdration of Amrican Socitis for xprimntal Biology, 1995) Wbsit In-Txt Hrnandz, T.C. (n.d.). Library of Congrss, Th Information Bulltin: Th Grry Mulligan collction: library opns prmannt xhibition ara. Rtrivd from http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/9906/grry.html Author. (Dat of publication or n.d. if no dat is givn). Titl of pag: articl. Rtrivd from URL. (Hrnandz, n.d.) Prpard by Bth Huw (RV 12.09) 5
Wbsit Articl No author, no dat In-Txt Audio Podcast What is foosball? (n.d.). Rtrivd Novmbr 30, 2007, from http://www.foosball.com/contnt.php?pag239 Titl of pag. (Dat of publication or n.d. if no dat is givn). Rtrivd on dat from URL. Not: th dat of rtrival is givn in this xampl, bcaus th information citd could chang ovr tim. ( What is foosball?, n.d.) Tannhaus, S. (ditor). (2007, Fbruary 11). Book Rviw Podcast [Audio podcast]. Rtrivd from http://www.nytims.com/rf/books/books-podcast-archiv.html Author or ditor. (Dat of publication). Titl of post [Format]. Rtrivd from URL In-Txt (Tannhaus, 2007, Fbruary 11) Blog Post USCF. (2007, August 6). R: Nw USCF lcts board of dirctors [Wb log mssag]. Rtrivd from http://uschss.org Author or ditor. (Dat of publication). Titl of post [Format]. Rtrivd from URL In-Txt (USCF, 2007, August 6) Vido Blog Post Cahill, P. (2007, August 16). arly Nightly is up [Vido fil]. Rtrivd from http://dailynightly.msnbc.msn.com/ Author or ditor. (Dat of publication). Titl of post [Format]. Rtrivd from URL In-Txt (Cahill, 2007, August 16) Sourc within a Sourc Somtims calld indirct or scondary sourcs. Rmmbr your citation must b for th sourc you ar looking at or hav in hand. So, mntion th original sourc in your sntnc as a signal to your radr. It should idntify th original author, and thn in your in-txt and list citations, us th information for th actual sourc you ar using. For mor information, s pag 178 of th APA Manual. Additonal APA Rsourcs: Th APA Manual provids information on formatting th papr. Chck th following: 1. Manuscript for th ovrall format of th papr (APA Manual Ruls 2.01-2.13) and th Chcklist for Manuscript Submission (APA Manual Rul 8.07). 2. Citing s in Txt (APA Manual Ruls 6.11-6.26) 3. Componnts (APA Manual 6.27-6.32) 4. xampls (APA Manual Chaptr 7) 5. Sampl Paprs (APA Manual Figurs 2.1-2.3) Thr ar also many xampls and hlpful matrials at th APA Styl wbsit at www.apastyl.org S th Hrzing Univrsity Library Tab in Blackboard. Prpard by Bth Huw (RV 12.09) 6