Joint Actions on Climate Change 8-10 June 2009, Aalborg, Denmark Danish Alternative (Biomass transport) Wind Power 60,9 TWh 37,0 TWh Electricity Demand 37,0 TWh Photo Voltaic H2 Electrolyser H 2 CHP, HP and 16,7 TWh Power plants Solar thermal 2,1 TWh 53,5 TWh 41,4 TWh Fuel Biomass Total Household & 90,4 TWh 90,4 18,0 TWh Industry TWh Bio-fuel production 31,0 TWh 27,9 TWh District Heating Grid loss 42,8 TWh 25 % 14,0 TWh Bio-fuel production Heat Demand 56,8 TWh Transport 50,7 TWh 100% Renewable Energy Solutions from Plan to Realisation Henrik Lund Professor in Energy Planning Aalborg University
100% renewable energy solutions from plan to realisation What we already have done in Denmark What we aim to do in the future (100% Renewable Energy) How this can be done ( illustrated by the IDA Energy Plan 2030) How this is being implemented, cases from North Jutland (Thisted and Frederikshavn)
The first oil crisis in 1973 The Danish energy consumption in 1972 Primary Energy Supply 1972 Oil Coal Natural Gas Renewable Energy
30 Years of active Energy Planning 30 years of active Government and Parliament Energy Policies. Including NGO alternative strategies and public debate
30 years with a stable energy consumption World Primary Energy Consumption PJ Danish Primary Energy Supply 400 300 RES 1000 1000 PJ 200 Nuclear Ngas Oil 800 100 Coal 0 600 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 400 200 0 1972 1980 1988 1996 2004 2007 Oil Coal Natural Gas Renewable Energy
At present Denmark is more than self-sufficient PJ Danish Primary Energy Supply PJ Danish Energy Production 1400 1400 1200 1000 1200 1000 800 600 800 600 400 200 400 200 0 1972 1980 1988 1996 2004 2007 0 1972 1980 1988 1996 2004 2007 Oil Coal Natural Gas Renewable Energy Oil Natural gas Renewable Energy
Danish oil production and prognosis The Danish Energy Authority, 2002
Value of Danish Energy Products Export of 40 30 Total energy 20 Oil technology 1.000 MDK K 10 0 10 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Natural Gas Coal E lectricity and fuels 20 30 Value of Danish Energy Products Danish export of Energy Technology 60 50 20% 1.000 MDK K 50 40 30 20 10 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 The Danish Energy Authority, 2006 Natural gas C rude oil 1.000 MDK K 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Export Share of Total Exports
3 Challenges Danish CO2 emissons 70 Climate Change Mio.ton 65 60 55 50 Actual Corrected 45 40 World Primary Energy Consumption '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 Year 400 Security of supply (Fossil fuels) 1000 PJ 300 200 100 0 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 RES Nuclear Ngas Oil Coal Industry, economy and jobs 50 45 40 35 Danish export of Energy Technology 20% 18% 16% 14% Export 1.000 MDK K 30 25 20 12% 10% 8% Share of Total 15 6% Exports 10 4% 5 2% 0 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 0%
The long-term Objective of Danish Energy Policy Expressed by former Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen in his opening speech to the Parliament in 2006 and in several political agreements since then: To convert to 100% Renewable Energy Prime minister 16 November 2008: We will free Denmark totally from fossil fuels like oil, coal and gas Prime minister 16 November 2008: position Denmark in the heart of green growth
Three targets in the IDA Energy Year 2006 To maintain security of energy supply To cut CO 2 emissions by 50 % by year 2030 compared to the 1990 level To create employment and to quadruple the export in the energy industry
During the IDA Energy Year 2006 40 meetings and seminars by the IDA groups and societies More than 1600 participants Coordination by the IDA Committee for the environment Overall energy system analysis at Alborg University
IDA Energiplan 2030
100% Renewable Energy in Primær energiforsyning 100% VE i år 2050, PJ 2050 1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 Eksport VE-el Solvarme Biomasse Naturgas Olie Kul 100 0 Ref 2030 IDA 2030 IDA 2050 Bio IDA 2050 Vind IDA 2050 Biomass potentials and consumtion in IDA 2030, PJ 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 DEA potential IDA 2030 Max potential Waste Energy crops Slurry fibre fraction Slurry biogas Wood Straw
Conclusions 100 Percent Renewable is physically possible and the first toward 2030 is feasible to the Danish Society. The methodology of design is a very complex process. The combination of a creative phase involving many single experts and detailed system analyses seems efficient and can be recommended.
Thisted Kommune 46.000 inhabitants Area of 1.093 km 2 App. 1.700 companies and industries 245 km 2 is National Park
Denmark s leading Climate Municipality More than 100 per cent of the electricity demand and more than 80 per cent of the heat supply Are already today produced by renewable energy
What are Thisted doing? New ambitious Energy Plan: Vision: Thisted municipality are going to be a CO2-neutral pioneer. Goal: Thisted municipality are going to be internationally known for CO2- reductions. Focus on energy are going to create new jobs in the local areas.
House heating: New heat plan of District heating Frederikshavn
Energy Supply year 2007 Natural Gas CHP Waste CHP Wind turbines
Copyright: KMS, COWI, Frederikshavn Kommune Energy Town Frederikshavn To start with: 20 percent RES in 2007 Phase 1: App. 40 percent RES in 2009 Phase 2: 100 percent RES in 2015 Phase 3: 100 percent RES in 2030 coordinated with 100 percent in DK Nielstrup rattenvej Egerisvej vej Elling el Tuenvej Amagervej Mariendalsvej Knivholt markvej Nørtvedvej Skolevangsvej Skeltvedvej Kilden Stenhavevej Nørgårdsvej Lienvej Koldenåvej Bækmojenvej Knivholtvej Strandby Hjørringvej Frederikshavn Langdalsvej Flade rævdalvej Tegnforklaring: Energiby Frederikshavn Vrangbækvej Hestvangvej rsted Haldbjerg Understedvej dvej Øksnebjergvej Vangen Frederikshavn Varme A/S Strandby Varmeværk A.M.B.A. Naturgas Uoverenstemmelser mellem matrikeltema og det tekniske kort (bygninger, hegn mv.) kan alene skyldes forskelle i opmålings metoder for kortet og er derfor ikke nødvendigvis udtryk for en juridisk uoverensstemmelse i virkeligheden. Frederikshavn Kommune Teknisk Forvaltning Init: ngtehbj Rådhus Allé 100 Mål: 9900 Frederikshavn 1:40000 Tlf. 9845 5000 Dato: 17-04-2008 www.frederikshavn.dk Emne: Energiby Frederikshavn. Varmegrænser
100% RES in 2015 New Waste CHP plant (185 GWh Waste) Big Biogas plant (150-225 GWh biogas) Wind Power (35-60 MW) Biogas/Electricity and Methanol for transportation
Phase 1: 2009 12 MW Wind Power 8.000 m 2 solar thermal Absorption heat pump in Strandby Heat Pump on waste water in Frederikshavn Biogas from Skagen being used for cars and busses in Frederikshavn
Joint Actions on Climate Change 8-10 June 2009, Aalborg, Denmark Danish Alternative (Biomass transport) Wind Power 60,9 TWh 37,0 TWh Electricity Demand 37,0 TWh Photo Voltaic H2 Electrolyser H 2 CHP, HP and 16,7 TWh Power plants Solar thermal 2,1 TWh 53,5 TWh 41,4 TWh Fuel Biomass Total Household & 90,4 TWh 90,4 18,0 TWh Industry TWh Bio-fuel production 31,0 TWh 27,9 TWh District Heating Grid loss 42,8 TWh 25 % 14,0 TWh Bio-fuel production Heat Demand 56,8 TWh Transport 50,7 TWh 100% Renewable Energy Solutions from Plan to Realisation Henrik Lund Professor in Energy Planning Aalborg University