Name Student # Ms. Campbell Protein Synthesis Practice Questions Regents L.E. 1. A sequence of three nitrogenous bases in a messenger-rna molecule is known as a 1) codon 2) gene 3) polypeptide 4) nucleotide 2. The genetic code for one amino acid molecule consists of 1) five sugar molecules 2) two phosphates 3) three nucleotides 4) four hydrogen bonds 3. What is the relationship between an organism's DNA and protein specificity? 1) DNA becomes a specific part of the protein structure. 2) DNA determines the ribosomal RNA sequence that becomes part of the protein structure. 3) DNA determines which RNA molecules are incorporated into protein molecules. 4) DNA determines the amino acid sequence of each protein. Base your answers to questions 5 and 6 on the chart below and on your knowledge of biology. 5. Which base sequence of a DNA molecule produces a codon on an mrna molecule that will allow the amino acid arginine to be incorporated into a protein? 1) C G A 2) G C T 3) C G U 4) G C U 6. Which amino acid will be carried to a ribosome by a transfer RNA molecule containing the triplet code A A A? 1) valine 2) lysine 3) leucine 4) phenylalanine 4. In the synthesis of proteins, what is the function of messenger-rna molecules? 1) They act as a template for the synthesis of DNA. 2) They carry information that determines the sequence of amino acids. 3) They remove amino acids from the nucleus. 4) They carry specific enzymes for dehydration synthesis.
Base your answers to questions 7 through 9 on the diagram below, which contains arrows representing different processes occurring in a cell. 7. What is the product of process 3? 1) a strand of DNA 2) two complementary strands of DNA 3) a strand of RNA 4) a chain of amino acids 8. Which processes occur in the nucleus? 1) 1 and 2 2) 2 and 3 3) 3 and 4 4) 4 and 5 9. What is Process 1 known as? 1) replication 2) mutation 3) nondisjunction 4) translocation
10. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. Base your answers to questions 11 through 13 on the diagram below, which represents some components involved in cellular protein synthesis, and on your knowledge of Biology. If strand A represents a portion of a DNA molecule, its complementary sequence of nitrogenous bases on messenger RNA would normally be 1) A-G-A-T-C-A-G-T 2) T-C-T-A-G-T-C-T 3) A-G-A-U-C-A-G-U 4) U-G-U-A-G-U-C-U 11. What does Structure B represent a molecule of? 1) nuclear DNA 2) cytoplasmic DNA 3) ribosomal RNA 4) transfer RNA 12. Molecules C, D, and E will combine to form part of 1) a polypeptide 2) a polysaccharide 3) DNA 4) RNA 13. How many codons are located on the messenger RNA molecule in the diagram? 1) 1 2) 6 3) 3 4) 9
14. According to the table below, which amino acid sequence would most likely be determined by a section of a DNA molecule with the base sequence A-A-G-G-A-T-C-C-G? 1) phenylalanine arginine glycine 2) glycine arginine leucine 3) glycine leucine arginine 4) phenylalanine leucine glycine Base your answers to questions 15 and 16 on the diagram below, which represents some biochemical reactions involved in a cellular process. 15. The molecule coded directly from DNA is represented by number 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
16. What is the bond labeled 5 known as? 1) a peptide bond 2) a hydrogen bond 3) an ionic bond 4) a carboxyl bond 17. The correct order of molecules involved in protein synthesis is 1) messenger RNA, transfer RNA, DNA, polypeptide 2) DNA, messenger RNA, polypeptide, transfer RNA 3) transfer RNA, polypeptide, DNA, messenger RNA, DNA 4) DNA, messenger RNA, transfer RNA, polypeptide 20. A change in the order of DNA bases that code for a respiratory protein will most likely cause 1) the production of a starch that has a similar function 2) the digestion of the altered gene by enzymes 3) a change in the sequence of amino acids determined by the gene 4) the release of antibodies by certain cells to correct the error 18. During protein synthesis, amino acids in the cytoplasm are picked up by molecules of 1) transfer RNA 2) messenger RNA 3) mitochondrial DNA 4) nuclear DNA 19. Four stages in the production of protein molecules in a cell are listed below. A Transfer RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome B DNA molecules serve as templates for messenger RNA molecules. C Messenger RNA molecules move to ribosomes. D Polypeptides are formed on ribosomes. Which sequence best represents the correct order of these stages? 1) A B C D 2) B C A D 3) C B A D 4) D B A C
Answer Key Protein Synthesis 1. 1 2. 3 3. 4 4. 2 5. 2 6. 4 7. 4 8. 1 9. 1 10. 3 11. 4 12. 1 13. 3 14. 4 15. 1 16. 1 17. 4 18. 1 19. 2 20. 3