Externa Fow orreation (Average, Ioterma urface Fat Pate orreation Fow ondition aminar urbuent were Average et mber 1/ 0.66 Re 0. 6 /5 0.07 Re A 1/ 0.6 60 A /5 1/ 0.07 Rex, c 0.66Rex, c Re x, c Re 10 8 Note: A fuid propertie are evauated at fim temperature for fat pate correation. yinder in ro Fow yinder ro ection Reynod mber Range 0.- Average et mber 0.0 0.989 Re 0.7 Note: A fuid propertie are evauated at fim temperature for cyinder in cro fow correation. -0 0-,000,000-0,000 0.85 0.911Re 0.66 0.68Re 0.618 0.19Re 0.7 0.7 0.7 Aternative orreation for ircuar yinder in ro Fow: e Zukauka correation (7.5 and te urci and Berntein correation (7.5 may ao be ued 0,000-00,000 0.805 0.07 Re 0.7 6,000-60,000 0.59 0.0 Re ga fow Freey Faing iquid rop 5,000-60,000 0.66 0.158Re ga fow Average et mber 5,00-0,00 0.68 0.16 Re ga fow 1/ 0.6Re 0,00-105,000 0.78 0.09 Re ga fow Note: A fuid propertie are evauated at for te faing drop correation.,500-90,700 0.68 0.150 Re ga fow Fow Around a pere Average et mber 0.Re 1/ 0.06 Re / 0. 0.71 80.5 Re 7.610 /. 1.0 Note: For fow around a pere, a fuid propertie, except μ, are evauated at. μ i evauated at.
Interna Fow orreation (oca, Fuy eveoped Fow Note: For a oca correation, fuid propertie are evauated at m. For average correation, fuid propertie are evauated at te average of inet and outet m. If te tube i muc onger tan te terma entry engt, average correation oca correation. aminar Fow in ircuar and Noncircuar ube ro ection b a Uniform eat Fux k Uniform urface emperature f Re urbuent Fow in ircuar ube oca et mber /5 n 0.0Re 0.6 160 n 0.0 for m n 0.0 for m Re 10,000 / 10 iquid Meta, urbuent Fow, ontant oca et mber urbuent Fow in Noncircuar ube For turbuent fow in noncircuar tube, in te tabe above may be repaced by =A c / P Aternative orreation for urbuent Fow in ircuar ube: e ieder and ate orreation (8.61 i recommended for fow wit arge property variation Anoter aternate correation tat i more compex but more accurate i provided by Gnieinki (8.6. Pe 100 0.8 5.0 0.05Pe Pe Re Note: Ony ue te correation in te box directy above for iquid meta. e oter correation on ti page are not appicabe to iquid meta.
ombined Interna/Externa Fow orreation (Average ube bank and packed bed ave caracteritic of bot interna and externa fow. e fow i interna in tat te fuid fow inide te tube bank/packed bed, exibit exponentia temperature profie of te mean temperature, and a eat tranfer governed by a og mean temperature difference. e fow i externa in tat it fow over tube/packed bed partice and tat te caracteritic dimenion in te Reynod number i baed on tube/partice diameter. ube Bank orreation Average et mber N 0 m 0.6 Re,max 0.7 500 10 Re max, 10 6 Note: For tube bank wit fewer tan 0 row, mutipy te average et number from te tabe at eft by te correction factor in abe 7.6. i correction i vaid if Re,max i > 1,000. Packed Bed orreation Average et mber j were j M j.06 Re c p / 0.575 ( or c 0.7 90 Re,000 jm m / c
Externa Free onvection orreation (Average, Ioterma Evauate a fuid propertie at te fim temperature f = ( + /. ertica Pate, ertica yinder, op ide of Incined od Pate, Bottom ide of Incined ot Pate Average et mber 0.85 1 0.87Ra 0.9 / 1/ 6 9/16 8/ 7 ertica pate: no retriction ertica cyinder: 5 Gr op urface of Incined od Pate / Bottom urface of Incined ot Pate: Aternative orreation for ertica Pate: Equation (9.7 i igty more accurate for aminar fow. Repace g wit g co q in Ra aid for 0 q 60 orizonta Pate Orientation Average et mber Upper urface of ot pate or ower urface of cod pate 0.5Ra 0.15Ra 7 10 Ra 10 7 11 10 Ra 10, 0.7, a A P ower urface of ot pate or upper urface of cod pate 1/5 9, 0.5Ra 10 Ra 10 0. 7 urved ape ape Average et mber ong orizonta yinder 0.60 1 0.87Ra 0.559 / 1/ 6 9/16 8/ 7 1 Ra 10 Aternative orreation for ong orizonta yinder: e Morgan correation (9. may ao be ued. pere 0.589Ra 9/16 1 0.69 / / 9 0.7 11 Ra 10
Interna Free onvection orreation ertica Parae Pate anne (eveoping and Fuy eveoped Boundary ondition et mber Rayeig mber Getting q and q from emperature to evauate fuid propertie in Ra ioterma ( known on one or bot pate Average over woe pate 1 Ra / Ra / 1/ 1/ Ra g q / A k iofux (q known on one or bot pate oca at x =, Ra 1 * / * Ra / /5 1/ Ra * gq k,, q k, = pate pacing; =inet temperature (ame a ambient;, =urface temperature at x= 1 1 and are given for four different et of urface boundary condition. Ue te ioterma equation for condition 1 and ; iofux equation for condition and. 1 1 = 1 q 1 q =q 1 1 q =0 q 1 q =0 ertica Rectanguar avity Average et mber 0.18 Ra 0. 0. Ra 0. 0. Ra 0.01 0.8 0.9 0. 1/ 1 10 10 10 Ra 0. 10 5 10 10 10 Ra 10 0 10 5 1 10 7 10 Ra 10 orizonta avity eated From Beow Average et mber Aternative orreation for ertica Rectanguar avity: 0.069 Ra w Eq. (9.5 cover a wide range of apect ratio but i more retrictive on Ra and 0.07 5 10 Ra 7 For cavity correation, evauate a fuid propertie at te average urface temperature = ( 1 + /. i te ditance between ot and cod wa. 10 9 orreation for Incined/ited Geometrie: Incined parae pate canne: (9.7 ited rectanguar cavitie: (9.5-(9.57 orreation for urved Geometrie: pace between concentric orizonta cyinder: (9.58 pace between concentric pere: (9.61
Boiing and ondenation q ceate Poo Boiing g( v 1/ cp,, f Evauate iquid and vapor propertie at at. e n For a condenation correation beow: Evauate iquid propertie at f = ( at + /. Evauate v and at at. aminar Fim ondenation, ertica Fat Pate ( g v k 0.9 ( at.68c ( 0 p, at aminar, ranition, and urbuent Fim ondenation, ertica Fat Pate (for >> v : acuate te parameter P uing (10., ten ove for uing te appropriate correation from (10.-(10.5 Fim ondenation, ertica ube: ertica fat pate expreion can be ued if d( << /. Evauate d( uing (10.6. aminar Fim ondenation, pere and ube q max g( v v v =0.19 for arge orizonta pate. =0.11 for arge orizonta cyinder, pere, and many arge finite eated urface. k ritica eat Fux Evauate iquid and vapor propertie at at. conv g( v vkv( at v Fim Boiing 0.80c p, v( at Evauate vapor propertie at f = ( at + /. Evauate and at at. =0.67 for pere. =0.6 for orizonta cyinder. Radiation oud be conidered for > 00 ee Eq. (10.9-(10.11 ( g v k ( at.68c ( Inner urface of orizonta ube Average et mber ( g v k 0.555 ( at.75c ( 0 p, at 0 p, at Eq. (10.51 =0.86 for pere. =0.79 for orizonta tube. aminar Fim ondenation, ertica ier of N ube: Average eat tranfer coefficient of eac tube: Eq. (10.9. ropwie ondenation v um, v 5,000 v v um, v 5,000 v i i orreation for Fow Boiing: Externa forced convection boiing: (10.1-(10.1 wo-pae fow: (10.15-(10.16 Average et mber dc 51,10 0 dc 55,510 at at 100 at 100