Unit 1 Travelling by Road and Rail

Unit 1 Travelling by Road and Rail Coach: There are two categories of motor coach: long distance Intercity coach service and urban-suburban bus line. Intercity coach service is for long distance travel. They often have reclinable upholstered seats, a toilet and air-conditioning to make the trip comfortable. They have storage bins for carry-on luggage, small tables for snacks, small televisions and passanger controlled lights above each seat. Because they are designed for long distance travel, it s rare for them to have more than one door. Price for travelling by coach is usually cheaper than other modes of long distance travelling. Urban-suburban bus line is generally categorized as public transit, especially for large metropolitan transit networks. They can be standard transit buses modified to have some of the funcitonality of an interstate coach. Provides accomodation for the disabled, high back seats, usually in the front, that can be folded up for wheelchairs, upholstered seats with individual lights, overhead storage bins. Beacause its a commuter bus it has some standing room, stop request devices and a farebox. This buses may also be used to supplement other services, for example when the commuter train is not in service. Trains Long distance trains travel between many cities and regions of a country and sometimes cross several countries. They often have a dining car and sleeping cars. High speed trains travel during the day and are in competition with airlines in speed. Intercity trains are connecting cities and do not stop at small stations. Commuter trains are for shorter distances serving the city and its suburbs. Unit 2 Travelling by Air and Sea In the air we can chosse between traditional full service airlines and low cost carriers. Full service airlines offer efficient, quick check-in, modern, state-of-the-art equipment, complimentary food and beverages and a wide range of newspapers. Higher prices. A low-cost airline offers generally low fares in exchange for eliminating many traditional passenger services. There is only a single passenger class, unreserved seats, no food is served, fast turnaround times, cancellation, delay, no paper tickets. Cheaper prices. And still when the aviation industry was rocked by terrorism, the large majority of traditional airlines sufferd heavy losses while the low-cost carriers generally stayed profitable. Cruisers A vacation on a cruiser can be a great experience for one. Lots of services are offered for a customer as daily activities, shopping galleria, full service Lotus Spa, fittness center, pools, whirlpools, deck sports, golf centre, game center, video center, theatre, nightclub, casino etc. Unit 3 The Geographical and Tourist regions of Hungary Hungary lies in the Carpatian Basin of Central Europe. Area: 93.030 km 2, population: 10,197,119, capital: Budapest with a population of almost 2 million. 19 counties, the type of government is republic. Hungary can be divided into 5 tourist regions: 1. Budapest and surrounding (including the Danube Bend) 2. Lake Balaton 3. Puszta and Lake Tisza 1

4. Transdanubia (Pannonia) 5. North Hungary (Eger-Tokaj Hills Wine Region) We have 10 National parks in Hungary. I come orginally from Tihany, some parts of Tihany belongs to the Balaton Nemzeti Park. It was formed in the center of western Hungary on 57000 hectares. This is one of the most popular parts of Hungary for tourists, including Central Europe largest lake Balaton, the Small Balaton (250 spieces of birds), the Tapolca basin (volcanic caps), the low hills around Balatonfüred. World Heritage and Hungaricums in Hungary It is important for every community to tend and cultivate its history, tradition and culture and pass them onto the new generation. To protect some cultural and natural treasures which are important for all mankind because they are unique and special the UNESCO established the World Heritage Committee. Hungary is proud to claim eight sites of outstanding value. These are the follows: Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube with the district of Buda Castle the Old Village of Holloko Millenary Benedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma and its Natural Environment Caves of the Aggtelek and Slovak Karst Hortobagy National Park Pecs (Sopianae) Early Christian Cemetery Cultural Landscape of Lake Fertö Tokaj Wine Region Cultural Landscape There are some products which are unique for Hungary, we call them Hungaricums. Such Hungarikum is for example Unicum, Aszu, sewn lace, porcelain, etc. Unit 4 Budapest and the Danube Bend Buda and Pest are seperated by the Danube River, each side unique in itself but complementary to the other. Whether exploring the folk music filled taverns of Buda or viewing the craft exhibitions in Pest, it becomes obvious that the entity Budapest endures. There are some sights of Budapest which are must see : the Parliament, Opera House, Heroe s Square, Fishermen s Bastion, Royal Palace, St. Stephen Basilica, Chain Bridge, Citadel and Mátyás Church. (St. Matthew) The Danube Bend is one of the favorite recreational and excursion spots around Budapest. The name is applied to the extremly charming section of the Danube between Esztergom and Szentendre. Szentendre is 19 km away fom Budapest, its Orthodox Churches, mediterranean townscape, Ferenczy Musem, Kovács Margit Museum makes it a perfect point for a day trip. Visegrád is halfway between Esztergom and Szentendre. Sights: Hilltop citadel, the former riverside and the royal palace. Esztergom is 64 km north-west from Budapest. The most important sights are: the neoclassical chatedral, the christian museum. There is an international ferry to Slovakia. 2

Unit 5 North Hungary The North Hungarian region is made up of three counties: Borsod, Heves and Nograd. This region is rich in popular art treasures, offers a wide range of unique values and exciting sights for visitors e.g. three World heritage sites, hills and flatland, culture, folklore, thermal waters, spas, caves, wine, gastronomy. The most outstanding sights, places and Hungaricums in North Hungary: Kékestető which is 1014 m high, Hollókő, Tokaj and Aggtelek, the 3 World Heritage sites here, Thermal bathes in Zsórifürdő, Egerszalók and Miskolctapolca. There are two wine which are well known in this region, Aszú and Bull s blood, Eger with his baroque town center, and Szilvásvárad with its famous Lipizzaner Herd. Hollókő is located in a picturesque hilly surrounding hardly a 100 km away from Budapest. The Old village along with the 141 hectare Nature Reserve arround it were added to the Cultural and Natural Heritage of the World in 1987 for preserving unique values of folk and applied art. The castle on top of the neighbouring hill was built by the Kacsics Family in the middle of the 13 th century which was continuosuly rebuilt and enlarged. Bull s Blood and Aszu When most wine drinkers think of Eastern Europe, the wine that comes to mind is Hungarys Tokaji. Hungary is also known for another wine Egri Bikavér Bull s Blood. Bull s Blood is not a complex, expensive wine but it is fun to drink. It s usually a blended wine, made from Kadarka, Kekfrankos, Cabernet Savignon, Merlot and Kekoporto. Tokaji Aszú is crowned the Wine of Kings and King of Wines. Along with the flagship Aszú the famous wines of Tokaj also include Szamorodni and the rare Esszencia. The grape varieties resposible for this fare include the yellow furmint, the debrői hárslevelű and the yellow muscatel. Aggtelek Biosphere Reserve and National Park is situated on the Hungarian part of a vast karst area which belongs to the Carpathian Mountains. There are entrances to Baradlabarlang the most known cave near Jósvafő at Lake Vörös and the main entrance with a small natural history museum. The temperature in the caves is only about 10C O, the main tunnel of Baradla cave is about 7km. The caves were formed over many thousand years through rain and mealting snow. Unit 6 The Puszta and Lake Tisza You can find several faboulos sights, places and Hungaricums in the Puszta. The red paprika of Kalocsa and Szeged, the spicy sausages of Gyula, the world second largest panorama painting in Ópusztaszer, the Kodaly Institute in Debrecen and goose liver. Kiskunhalas is famous of its lace, and Hajduszoboszló of its medicinal waters of 75C O. But the most known place in the Puszta is Hortobágy. The first csarda was built here in the 1960s. Near the csarda is a nine arched bridge spans the River Hortobágy. The Bridge Festival is held here every year on August 20 th. Lake Tisza is the second largest sweet water lake in the country. Smoothe water, huge bays, backwaters and islands, rich fish and wild-stock. This is Lake Tisza. It is the only lake in Europe, where you can speed around by powerboat or jet-ski. All three big towns (Szeged, Kecskemét, Debrecen) are the capital of their region. Debrecen is the second largest town in Hungary. The Great Forest is a recreational area north of the town. There are thermal baths with temperatures of 63C O. A very special 3

event every year during the Debrecen Carnival Week is that colorful march with floats bedecked with flowers in the form of animals, fairytale figures and so on. Kecskemét is the cultural and economic center of the area. It has a few really old buildings, but does boast some fine art nouveau style edificies and extremely attractive town center. Szeged is the fourth biggest town in Hungary, important food and textile industries have been established here. The Biological Reserch Institute and the University of Szeged are well known. The Szeged Open Air festival is the biggest one in Hungary. Unit 7 Lake Balaton Lake Balaton, reffered to as Hungary s Sea is situated right in the middle of Transdanubia. With the length of 77km and the width of 2-14 km it accounts for Cetral Europe s largest sweetwater lake. Between Tihany and Szántód it has a narrow passage of 1,5 km. Keszthely, Tihany, Hévíz, Siófok, Badacsony are the most important places which can t be forgotten if we speak about Lake Balaton. Keszthely, situated in the west bank of the lake, is the largest town by Balaton, rich in tradition and offering a sandy beach, hotels and ample leisure facilities. Well known sight is the Festetics Castle in Keszthely and the Georgikon, the first agricultural college in Europe founded by György Festetics. Badacsony has an imposing high of 438m, visible from afar. From its top there is a splendid panoramic view over the charming countyside. Tihany was originally an island, today it covers an area of 12 m 2 and extends 5km into the lake. Here where the lake is at its narrowest, the only car ferry operates between Tihany and Szantód. Andras I. one of the first Hungarian Kings founded a Benedictine abbey in Tihany in 1055. The foundation charter written in Latin, in fact contains some one hundred Hungarian words and suffixes and is thus the oldest known document in Hungarian language. Héviz is a health resort, 7km from Keszthely and is one of the leading traditional Hungarian spa towns. It has the largest warm-water lake in Europe. The lake is fed by radioactive water containing sulfur. The water comes from a spring, 36 m down, the water is changing in every 28 hours, its temperature is 33-34 C O in the Summer season, but never goes under 26C O even in the coldest winter. Siófok is the regional center and the largest town on the south bank. In recent years it has become a favorite spot with holidaymakers, mainly because of its excellent infrastructure (good restaurants, shops, hotels etc.) and beaches. In the summer month the population of Siófok increases fivefold. Even the Balaton Navigation Company has its head office here. Unit 8 - Transdanubia Hungary is devided into two parts by the Danube, which flows from north to south. As a result the Magyars who arrived from the east, refer to the country s western side as Dunántúl, Hungarian from beyond the Danube which is where the name Transdanubia originates. The biggest and most important towns and villages of the region are: Székesfehérvár, Veszprém, Vértesszőlős, Szigetvár, Harkány, Siklós, Mohács, Pécs, Sopron. There are two World Heritage sites in this region. Lake Fertő Cultural Landscape and Millenary Abbey of Pannonhalma and its Natural Environment. This region has developed more quickly beacuse it is close to Austria. 4

Unit 9 The Hungarian Cuisine, the way we cook Appetite comes with eating this is a perfect proverb intorducing how Hungarian people eat. Hungarians use food the way most people use psichology, politics, literature and even medicine. We eat when we are happy, we eat when we are sad all the time. Into the Hungarian cuisine came a lot of influences from the Turkish occupation, many tropical fruits, nuts, coffee, seasoning. The most important among them is paprika and Hungarian retes. Than from the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy sour cream, noodles, dumplings the art of making soups and pastires. And the refining influence came from the Italian and French cuisine, ice cream, sweet cream and a preference for butter. If I have to tell one or two dishes which are very very special for Hungary, I would say Stuffed Cabage and Hungarian Chicken Paprikas. Chicken Parikas: - In a large heavy or cast-iron skillet, sauté the onions in oil until browned lightly. - Add ground paprika and mixed well. - Add chicken pieces and return the pan to stove. - Add water, cover and simmer over low heat until chicken is tender. - Stir sour cream with a little flour and add it to the chicken, heat thoroughly and serve some dumplings along with it. Special Hungarian dishes: Hungarian pancakes, fried goose liver, fish soup, noodles with cottage cheese, dobos cake, stuffed peppers, beef stew, sour cherry strudel, Hortobágy pancake, goulash soup in kettle. Unit 10 Accomodation Bed and Breakfast: Guests are accomodated in private bedrooms and breakfast is served in a dining room. Bathrooms can be private or shared or en-suite. Motel: Good acces to a road network. Rooms are in individual chalets or trailers, arranged around a car park with room-doors opening directly to the outside rather than to an internal corridor. Hotel: They offer visitors services in the range of 1-5 stars. They provide a number of additional guest services as a restaurant, a swimming pool or childcare. In the UK it is required by law to serve food and drinks. Youth Hostel: It provides accomodation where guests can rent a bed in a dormitory and share a common bathroom, kitchen and lounge. Rooms can be mixed or single-sex. They offer mainly short term accmodation for tourists or backpackers. Camping/Caravanning: In holiday parks, you can put up your tent or can hire caravans or mobile homes. They have all the ecquipment you would expect, a shower, a kitchen and a television. Boutique Hotel: They provide an exceptional and personalised level of accomodation, services and facilities in an intimate, usually luxurious environment. They are furnished in a themed, stylish manner. Pension: A pension is a simple hotel-type accomodation possibility with min. 5 rooms and max. 4 beds in a room. Visitors are served breakfast, possibly even full board and basic services. 5

Unit 11 Hotel services and facilities Hotel chains are the most sought after types of hotel accomodation as they offer their guests an unmatched level of customer quality, style and reassurance for their guests while on their vacation getaway. Hotel chains which are present in Hungary: Hilton: hotels provide quality accomodation at leading airports, resorts, and business destinations worldwide. Marriott: is trusted for service and quality. Mercure: are one of the brands of accor, the leading European hotel chain provider. Novotel: hotels offer a consistently good standard of accomodation. There are a lot of sevices, activities, facilities that a totel can offer. Activities: tennis court, table tennis, playground, golf course, outdoor swimming pool, spa, gym, sqash court, sauna, indoor swimming pool, sunbed, darts. Services/facilities: hairdresser, car hire, lounge, night club, night portier, cable tv, parking area, boutique, cash point, laundry, internet station, cots, high chairs for children, DVD/CD player. Jobs in a Hotel: Unit 12 Hotel Careers Receptionist: He/she welcomes guests and helps them to check in, when they check out he/she makes sure they settle their bills. You take messages and put them into pigeon holes. You take and give out keys. You inform guests about services and facilities of the hotel. You have to deal with all kinds of questions and complaints. Concierge: He/She is helping guests, for example by giving the advice about local restaurants, leisure activities, cultural events. Housekeeper: She has to make sure that everything in the guests rooms are in order. Bartender: He/She prepairs delicious cocktails and coffees. HR Manager: He/She recruits new stuff for the busy peak season. Animator: He/She organises free-time activities for guests in the hotel and entertains them according to their age group. Banqueting Manager: He/She organises for instance wedding receptions and other events in the ball-room of the hotel. Chef: Someone who is responsible for cooking. Reservation clerk: He/she works at the front office and deals with reservations. Maintenance Assistant: If you find that something does not work in your bathroom, he will fix it for you. 6

Unit 13 Tour Operation Tour Operators play a central role in the tourism industry. A package holiday of transport and accomodation advertised and sold together by a tour operator. Transport can be via a charter airline. Other services may be provided like a rental car or activities during the holiday. Package holidays are organized by a tour operator and sold to a consumer by a travel agent. Some travel agents are employees of tour operators, others are independent. The first organized tours dated back to Thomas Cook who on 5 July 1841 chartered a train to take a group of campaigners twenty miles away. Thomas Cook began promoting foreign holidays in the early 1950s. Major Tour Operator Assosiation: USA NTA: The National Tour Association USTOA: United States Tour Operator s Association Europe ETOA: European Tor Operators Association AITO: It s in the UK Mass Tourism: tour operators organize trips to the most popular destinations like seasides and mountains. Their products will be sold in the summer and in the winter. Special tours: Tour operators are looking for market gap and specialize in cerain destinations like Lifelong Tuscony. Exotic tours: This holiday is at a far away spot like the Seychelles or it offers a special form of holiday like cruising. Unit 14 Travel Agency Travel Agency: A trave agency is a business that sells travel related products and services particulary package tours to end-user customers on behalf of third party suppliers, such as airlines, hotels, tour companies and cruise lines. Most travel agents have a special department for business travellers. Some agencies also serve as general service agents for foreign travel companies. Travel agencies do not keep a stock in hand. A package holiday or a ticket is not purchased from a supplier unless a customer requests that purchase. The agent s profit is the difference between the supplier s price and the price which the product is advertised or sold to the customer. This is called comission and it is abot 10-12%. Tour Guide: A tour guide is a person who leads groups of people around town, museum or other tourist venue. Tour Guides also lead groups as part of a package holiday into countries where they speak a different language, these guides act as interpreters for the group and as representatives of the holiday company. There it is usual to have a guide at the destination, located at the resort offering additional programmes for visitors. 7

Unit 15 Marketing A market focused or customer focused organization first determines what its potentional customer desire and then builds the product or service. For a marketig plan to be succesfull, the mix of 4P-s (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) must reflect the wants and desires of the consumers in the targeted market. There are two levels of marketing: - Strategic marketing attempts to determine how an organization competes against its competitors in a market place. - Operational marketing executes marketing functions to attract and keep customers and to maximalize the value derived for them, as well as to satisfy the cusomer with prompt services and meeting the customers expectations. A relatively new form of marketing uses the Internet and is called internet marketing, e- marketing or online marketing. Fairs and exhibitions ITB Berlin is the world leading travel trade show. The exhibition area, various segments, supporting events and the ITB Cnvention Market Trends Innovatons present the entire spectrum of products of the tourism industry. ITB is a prime meeting place, a marketplace and a driving force behind the entire industry. In addition to giving exhibitors first class sales platform, the event provides outstanding opportunities for companies to present their products and enhance their image. Unit 16 Ecotourism Eco tourism it means conservation of biological diversity and cultural diversity, through ecosystem protection, providing jobs to local population, minimizing tourists own environmental impact. Ecotourism represent a new and innovative approach to tourism, featuring travel products that help protect the environment and contribute to the well-being of the people living in the host country. There is an emphasis on high guality products that provide direct experiences with nature and give personal insights into local culture. Generally speaking ecotourism focuses on local culture, wilderness adventures, volunteering, personal growth and learning new ways to live on the planet. Unit 17 Rural Tourism Rural tourism is an old and a new phenomenon at the same time. Rural tourism includes a range of activities, services and anemities provided by farmers and rural people to attract tourists to their area in order to generate extra income for their businesses. If this boarder concept is accepted, rural tourism covers not only farm tourism or agritourism, but also special interest nature holidays, touring in rural areas and residental tourism, and the services include, besides accomodation, events, festivities, outdoor recreation, production and sale of handicrafts and agricultural products. The term rural tourism has different meanings in different countries. In Hungary, a special term of village tourism exists, indicating that only activities and services provided in villages are included and involvement in agricultural or other local activities is not common. 8

Unit 18 Equestrian tourism, Bycicle tourism Equestrian tourism refers to people taking part in horse-related activities including, for example pony rekking, horse trials and carrige driving, outside of their usual environment. Horse related holidays may be broken down into the following broad categories: Riding as an acillary holiday activity This type of activity is not cenral to the holiday experience and normally takes the form of a pony trek that can be completed as an hour or half-day ride. Pony trekking holidays perhaps the most popular form of equestrian tourism, where the activity forms the main purpose of the holiday. Trail riding usually for the experienced rider, the travelling distance is considerably increased as the ride is conducted at a very brisk pace. It may take the form of distant rides from one destination to the other staying in different accomodation. Special holidays a variety of courses for adult enthusiast, for people wanting to learn to ride. Horse bed and breakfast Stabling or grazing is provided for horses often alongside accomodation for the riders. Accomodation is provided as a based for day rides or as a stopping off point on a longer trail. Hungary is among those few countries where you can ride a horse as freely as people did in the past. Today there are dozens of full service riding centers near the capital city and in the countryside. Cycle tourism can be defined as recreational visits, either overnight or day visits away from home, which involve leisure cycling as a fundamental and significantpart of the visit. Cycle tourists represent a growing and valuable tourist market, particulary for rural areas. Cycle tourists will spend at least as much in a rural area as other types of tourist. Cycle tourism is good at generating local trade and offers particular opportunities for rural businesses and services. Cycle tourism has a minimum impact on the environment and host communities. Unit 19 Wine Tourism Wine tourism refers to tourism which purpose is/or includes the tasting consumption or purchase of wine, often at/or near the source. Wine tourism can consist of visits to wineries, vineyards and restaurants known to offer unique vintages, as well as organized wine tours, wine festivals or other special events. Tokaj Centre of the wine region which provides the world famous wines king of the wines, wine of the Kings Aszu. It is made of grapes with a concentrated sugar content ripened till late autumn on the sunny southern slopes. It was even used as a medicine in the Middle Ages. Over 90% of the grapes grown are Furmint or Hárslevelű (Lime-leaf). Eger The homeland of the full bodied red wines: the famous Bull s Blood can be tasted in the century-old cellars cut into the tufa in Szépasszonyvölgy. Sopron 9

On the eastern slopes of the Alpes the winds have less sun and greater humidity than elsewhere in the country. Kekfrankos here is granite red, acidic, semi dry, aromatic wine with a fine bouquet. It was the first Hungarian wine to be widely introduced in Europe. Szekszárd The Vintage Festival with colourful procession is a regular annual event. Unit 20 Wellness Wellness tourism is one of the most ancient forms of tourism. Wellness: An active process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a more successfull existence. Wellness is a view of health that emphasizes the sate of the entire being and its ongoing developement. It combines health and happiness. It can be defined as the pursuit of a healthy balanced lifestyle. Wellness programmes allow individuals to take increased responsibility for their health behaviour. There are a range of welness services, the clients can change from: - Massages (Sport, Swedish, Thai) - Aromatherapy - Reflexology - Microdermabraison The term spa is associated with water treatment which is also known as balneotherapy, spa towns or resorts offering such and other treatments like: - Thalasso therapy - Balneotherapy - Ayurveda - Acupressure - Sound therapy - Danarium Unit 21 Thermal waters and SPA tourism Spa: Sanus per aquam, health with the help of water, facilities with not just a swimming pool, but usually sauna, steam rooms and jacuzzi. Medicinal water: Mineral water with medically proven curative effects. Several years of research are generally required for mineral water to be certified as medicinal in Hungary. Thermal water: Water emerging from a natural source at a temperature over 30C O. Medicinal Spa: A bathing establishment that either has recognised medicinal water on site or offers comprehensive therapeutic facilites. Hungarian spa places: Gyula, Bük, Harkány Hajdúszoboszló, Balf Balatonfüred: The town is at Hungary s biggest lake and it is a popular holiday resort with tourists. It is not only famous for water sports but also for cultural events. Its healing water is beneficials for the heart, stomach and nervous system. Hévíz: The medicinal lake is the largest biologically active natural thermal lake in the world. It is effective in complex physiotherapy and the treatment of all forms of rheumatic and locomotive disorders. 10

Famous baths in Budapest: - Széchenyi Medicinal Spa - Lukács Medicinal Spa - Gellért Medicinal Spa - Király Medicinal Bath - Rudas Medicinal Spa Széchenyi It is one of Europe s largest bathing complexes. It is Pest s first medicinal bath. A communal thermal section and day care clinic for complex physiotherapy offers relief for patients with locomotive, gynaecological, gastroenterological and circulatory disorders. All kind of treatments are offered from mud package to underwater tarction bath. Unit 22 Conference Tourism Tourism industry can be devided into leisure tourism and business tourism. Business tourism MICE tourism means meetings, incentives, conferences and events is the provision of facilities and services to the millions of delegates who annually attend meetings, congresses, exhibitions, business events, incentive travel and corporate hospitality. Incentive travel: Management tool that uses tourism to motivate and/or recognise participants for increased levels of performance in support of organisational goals. Event: It is organised with a time limit and a group of people participate in it. For examples: festivals, concert, sport events, parties. Objectives are: increase motivation of staff, to socialise, to raise loyalty, team building, presentation of products, to maximise profit. Conference: The term can be used to describe any meeting of people that confer about a certain topic. There can be an academic conference, a business conference of various trades or a press conference. 11