HIGH-CAPACITY HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING POWER CABLES

HIGH-CAPACITY HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING POWER CABLES Jean-Maxime SAUGRAIN NEXANS Corporate VP Technical IASS Workshop Postdam May 13, 2011

Rationale High-capacity High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) cables provide electric utilities with a new tool to address key drivers Growing power consumption in urban areas Additional power can be transmitted through existing right-of-way Safety Transformers can be removed from city centers through high-capacity medium voltage HTS cables Eco-friendliness. No thermal or magnetic impact on the environment. Lower losses. The cooling fluid, liquid nitrogen, is a low-cost, abundant and environment-friendly fluid NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam May 13, 2011 2

Contents! Introduction to HTS power cables! High-capacity HTS cable projects! Expectations! Conclusion NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam May 13, 2011 3

Introduction to HTS power cables Outer cable sheath Outer cryogenic envelope wall Inner cryogenic envelope wall Liquid nitrogen flow Protection layer Copper shield stabilization HTS tape (shield) Lapped dielectric HTS tape (conductor) Former MV NEXANS PROPRIETARY Application voltage HV Postdam May 13, 2011 5

Introduction to HTS power cables Cryogenic envelope 1. Corrugated inner tube 2. Low-loss spacer 3. Vacuum space (<10-5 mbar) 4. Multilayer superinsulation 5. Corrugated outer tube 6. PE jacket (optional) Nexans is the world leader in flexible cryostats with more than 30 years of experience NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam May 13, 2011 6

LIPA1 project Overview Demonstrating feasibility of HV HTS cable technology! Long Island Power Authority Holbrook Substation Switching Station! 600 m long cold dielectric cable system 138kV/2400A ~ 574MVA! Design fault current: 51 ka @ 12 line cycles (200ms) 600 meter! 600 meter cable pulled in underground HDPE conduit Holbrook Substation World s longest HTS cable and first installation at transmission voltage level NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam May 13, 2011 8

LIPA1 project Team Department of Energy SPI - Long Island American Superconductor Prime Contractor / Consortium Lead AMSC Nexans AIr Liquide LIPA Technical Project Manager Cable System Cooling Systems Construction Management HTS Wire Supplier System Planning/ Transmission System Integration Installation Support & Terminations Commissioning Installation Support O&M Contract Civil Work Permitting Right Of Way / Land Acquisitions Switch Gear System Operations System Planning NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam May 13, 2011 9

LIPA1 project Cable cooling flow HV Termination SCADA Power Heat Cold Termination Return Redundant Cooling & Control Bulk LN 2 Storage Supply NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam May 13, 2011 10

LIPA1 project Termination concept! Vertical part:! Thermal gradient management (from 77 to 300 K)! Connection to grid! Horizontal part:! Connection to HTS cable! Management of cable thermal shrinkage NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam May 13, 2011 11

LIPA1 project Qualification of prototypes! Cable and termination prototypes were tested in a dedicated high voltage test field in Hanover! The 30 m x 12 m x 9 m screened room is connected to a liquid nitrogen cooling system liquid nitrogen (temperature around 200 C) NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam May 13, 2011 12

LIPA1 project Cable pulling! Pulling was carried out for all phases without any issue! Cryogenic envelope vacuum integrity verified after pulling Cable Pulling Force Force [N] 20000 18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Distance [m] NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam May 13, 2011 13

LIPA1 project Assembling of terminations Terminations were assembled on site after cable pulling NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam May 13, 2011 14

LIPA1 project Assembling of terminations NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam May 13, 2011 15

LIPA1 project Connection to grid World s longest HTS cable successfully energized on April 22, 2008 NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam May 13, 2011 16

LIPA2 project Preparing for multi-kilometer HV HTS cables! Project funded by the U. S. Department of Energy! Same partners (American Superconductor, Air Liquide and LIPA) and same site as for the LIPA1 project Replacement of one phase (introducing second-generation HTS tapes and repairable cryogenic envelope) SCADA Power Heat Field joint Return Redundant Cooling & Control Bulk LN 2 Storage Supply Installation and commissioning around the end of 2011 NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam May 13, 2011 17

World s ampacity record: 3200 A! Project funded by Endesa in Spain Supercable project Overview! Other partners: ICMAB, Labein! Key features:! One 30-meter phase! 24 kv, 3200 A! Cable manufactured by Nexans and tested in the Hanover laboratory Supercable termination Project successfully completed in December 2009 NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam May 13, 2011 18

Main HTS AC cable projects (" )*+,-./.0",1*2.3/4" '" #'"+" 567*867",1*2.3/4" 1$2/%3' >"#")/;/'!"##$%&''()*+' &" %" $&!"+" %!"+" $!!"+" (!!!"+" (!!"+" #!!"+ %!"+" 178'9'5-"&:;<#$' 5"=<&-=-' 45'!/6.$' #'!!"9:;" $" #"!" #!!"+" #!!"+"<"'!!"+" #!!"+" '!!"+" %'!"+" %!"+" $'!"+"!" '!" #!!" #'!" $!!" $'!" %!!",-.&/0$''(),+' #!!!"9:;" '!!"9:;" %!!"9:;" #!!"9:;" NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam May 13, 2011 19

Expectations High-capacity HTS AC cables With HTS AC cables, the same power can be transmitted at a lower voltage Transmitted power (MW) 5000 3 single cores 4000 3000 2000 1000 AC resistive 100 200 300 400 500 Voltage (kv) NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam May 13, 2011 21

! High-current HTS tapes (to minimize the number of HTS layers):! Avoid current distribution issues! Reduces mechanical issues High-capacity HTS AC cables Technical hurdles to be overcome! Low-loss system:! HTS tapes with low AC-losses! Low-loss cryogenic envelope! High-efficiency cooling system! High-voltage accessories (complexity increasing quickly with voltage):! In-field demonstration of 138 kv terminations completed! Ongoing developments: 138 kv joint, 154 kv system, 275 kv system Losses similar to the ones of conventional systems NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam May 13, 2011 22

HTS cable project under discussion Supply of city center with MV HTS cable High-power 10 kv link for feeding the center of Essen Herkules Dellbrügge Main train station 110 kv substation (Herkules in suburban area) Conventional 110 kv cable 40 MVA! Key features:! Cable system with concentric phases! World s first combination with HTS fault current limiter 40 MVA HTS 10 kv cable 10 kv substation (Dellbrügge in city center)! End user: RWE! Funding: RWE and BMWi NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam May 13, 2011 23

With HTS DC cables, a much larger power can be transmitted Expectations High-capacity HTS DC cables Transmitted power (MW) 5000 Bipole +/- 4000 3000 2000 1000 DC resistive 100 200 300 400 500 Voltage (kv) NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam May 13, 2011 24

High-capacity HTS DC cables Technical hurdles to be overcome! High-current HTS tapes (to minimize the number of HTS layers):! Reduces mechanical issues! Low-loss system:! Low-loss cryogenic envelope! High-efficiency cooling system! High-voltage accessories (complexity increasing quickly with voltage):! Laboratory demonstration at Nexans of 200 kv termination Lower losses than with conventional systems NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam May 13, 2011 25

Conclusion! The feasibility of HTS AC power cables has been demonstrated up to 138 kv and this technology is now mature enough for in-field implementation! Demonstration projects are now moving to longer lengths (up to 6 km!), higher voltages eyond 200 kv for both AC and DC!) and greater currents (up to 5 ka AC whereas more than 10 ka DC are envisioned!)! High-capacity HTS cable systems constitute a new energy-efficient solution to improve congestion management in both distribution and transmission AC power grids but there are only economically viable in some niche applications! HV HTS DC systems are expected to lead to much lower losses than conventional systems! The industry needs to focus on reducing the HTS technology cost! Incentives from local governments could help significantly NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam May 13, 2011 27

Thank you for your attention!