Innovative Technologies Customized Solutions Intensive Support Our Ideas, Your Success. Legal Requirements for Motor Vehicles and Trailers according to ECE Regulation 48 Ideas today for the cars of tomorrow
Summary of Lighting Regulations In order to optimally equip and/or retrofit a vehicle, legal requirements must be considered. On the following pages, we want to introduce you to the legal requirement according to ECE regulation 48 for the installation of front, side and rear lighting. The chapter is separated into regulations for motorhomes and trailers. It specifies which lights are legally required and which are not authorized. The overview is divided into two parts: Requirements for motor vehicle classes (passenger car, motorhome, bus, truck, municipal- and special body design) Requirement for vehicle classes (12 V-trailer, caravan and 24 V-trailer). It also describes in detail the installation requirement for each light. The colour-coding and the Quick Finder will help you to quickly find the desired regulation. From experience it is known that legal requirement may change. Therefore, we do not guarantee indefinitely for these equipment provisions. Motor vehicle classes Vehicle classes M 1 Motor vehicles up to 3.5 tons and up to 9 person transport capacity O 1 Trailers up to 0.75 tons M 2 Motor vehicles up to 5 tons and over 9 person transport capacity O 2 Trailers over 0.75 up to 3.5 tons M 3 Motor vehicles over 5 tons and over 9 person transport capacity O 3 Trailers over 3.5 up to 10 tons N 1 Motor vehicles for goods transportation up to 3.5 tons O 4 Trailers over 10 tons N 2 Motor vehicles for goods transportation over 3.5 up to 12 tons N 3 Motor vehicles for goods transportation over 12 tons Passenger car 12-V Trailer Motorhome 24-V Trailer Bus Caravan Truck Municipal and Special Body Design These pictograms show which regulation is applicable to which classes. 2 Hella KGaA
Motor vehicle classes (passenger car, motorhome, bus, truck, municipal and special body design) 3 Rear Lighting Motorhomes Highlighted in red Pages 14-21 Front Lighting Motorhomes Highlighted in blue Pages 4-9 1 2 Side Lighting Motorhomes Highlighted in yellow Pages 10-13 Vehicle classes (12 V trailer, caravan and 24 V trailer) 6 Rear Lighting Trailers Highlighted in red Pages 28-35 Front Lighting Trailer Highlighted in blue Pages 22-25 4 5 Side Lighting Trailers Highlighted in yellow Pages 26-27 Hella KGaA 3
Legal Regulations for Motorhomes according to ECE Regulation 48 Motorhome - Front 1 1 Legal Regulations for Lights and Headlights Due to the scope of legal regulations, only the most important legal regulations are explained at this point. In the following regulations you can find all relevant information pertaining to signal lights, their characteristics and usage. ECE-R 3 Reflector ECE-R 4 Licence plate light ECE-R 6 Turn signals, front, rear and side ECE-R 7 Sidelight, taillight, brake light, clearance light ECE-R 19 Fog light ECE-R 23 Reverse light ECE-R 38 Rear fog light ECE-R 77 Parking light, front and rear ECE-R 87 Daytime running lights ECE-R 91 Side marker light ECE-R 98/99 Xenon headlight Truck/Bus/motorhome/Vehicle Motor-Vehicle Classes M 1 M 2 M 3 N 1 N 2 N 3 ECE-R 104 Retro-reflective markings ECE-R 112 Halogen headlights ECE-R 119 Cornering light ECE-R 48 For installation and use Vehicles up to 3.5 tons and up to 9 person transport capacity Vehicles up to 5 tons and up to 9 person transport capacity Vehicles over 5 tons and up to 9 person transport capacity Vehicles for goods transportation up to 3.5 tons Vehicles for goods transportation over 3.5 up to 12 tons Vehicles for goods transportation over 12 tons 4 Hella KGaA
Dipped beam headlights 400 mm 500 mm 600 mm 1.200 mm Legally required for all vehicle classes 500 mm, max. 1,200 mm 400 mm from outermost point of the vehicle width. 600 mm between both dipped beam lights. Not valid for M 1 -vehicles and N 1 -vehicles. In all other motor-vehicle classes min. 400 mm if total width of vehicle < 1,300 mm Paired activation of additional headlights for dipped beam and main beam lights authorized. During switch to dipped beam light, all main beam lights must be simultaneously deactivated. 1 Authorized If the headlights are equipped with > 2,000 lumen light sources (usually Xenon) (low and main beam light), automatic headlight range adjustment and a headlight cleaning system must be installed. These requirements apply for retrofitting of vehicles in use, retrofitted after April 1, 2000. Only the headlights for the dipped beam light according to ECE R 98 or 112 may radiate bend lighting. Main beam headlights Legally required for all vehicle classes or 4, for N 3 vehicles = 6 No special regulations No special regulations, but must be attached so that the driver is not bothered by the reflection. Paired activation of additional headlights for dipped beam and main beam lights authorized. During switch to dipped beam light, all main beams must be simultaneously deactivated. Blue control light The light intensity of all activatable headlights may not exceed 225,000 Candela. The sum of the reference numbers must not be larger than 75. Hella KGaA 5
Fog lights 1 Legally required for all vehicle classes White or light-yellow No higher than the dipped beam light, min. 250 mm above ground. For M 1 -vehicles and N 1 -vehicles max. 800 mm above ground. For all other vehicles, no height limit. 400 mm 250 mm 800 mm 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle width With dipped beam and main beam light Mandatory. An independent, non-blinking control light. Turn Signal (Indicator Light), Front Legally required for all vehicle classes, category 1, 1a, or 1b 400 mm 600 mm Amber 350 mm, max. 1.500 mm (exception: 2.100 mm). 400 mm from outermost point of the vehicle width. 600 mm between both indicator lights, but min. 400 mm for vehicles with widths of < 1,300 mm 350 mm 1.500 mm Geometrical Viewing Horizontal 45 inside to 80 outside. Vertical ± 15, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm also 5 downwards The light must flash independent of the other lights. They must be attached on the same vehicle side and must be activated or deactivated using the same lever/switch. They must flash synchronously. Switch-on Control Mandatory Note: Category 1 = Distance to dipped beam light > 40 mm Illumination min. 175 cd Category 2 = Distance to dipped beam light > 40 mm Illumination min. 250 cd Category 3 = Distance to dipped beam light > 20 mm Illumination min. 400 cd cd = Candela 6 Hella KGaA
Sidelight 400 mm 350 mm 600 mm 1.500 mm Geometrical Viewing Legally required for all vehicle classes White 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm) 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle width. Distance between sidelights for M 1 -vehicles and N 1 -vehicles not determined. For all other vehicle classes, min. 600 mm between both sidelights, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm Horizontal 45 inside to 80 outside. Vertical ± 15, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm also 5 downwards. 1 Must be connected so that the sidelight, taillight, licence plate, and side marker lights can only be activated and deactivated simultaneously. Mandatory. The warning light can flash. Not necessary if the lighting device can only be operated simultaneously with the sidelight. Parking Light, Front Authorized for vehicles 6 metres long and 2 metres wide. Unauthorized for all other passenger cars. Quantity 2 lights at the front and 2 lights at the rear, or 1 light on each side. 400 mm 350 mm 1.500 mm White No special regulations for M 1 -vehicles and N 1 -vehicles. For all other motor-vehicle classes, min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm). 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle width. If only 2 lights are mounted, attachment on the side of the vehicle. The parking lights must work without other lights being activated. Authorized. If one is present, it must not be confused with the control device for the sidelight and taillight. Usually, the function of parking lights is taken over by the taillight and sidelight. Hella KGaA 7
as far on the outside as possible Clearance Light, Front as high as possible 400 mm Mandatory for vehicles >2.1 metres wide. Authorized for vehicles > 1.8 metres to 2.1 metres wide. 1 White Above the transparent areas of the windshield As far on the outside as possible, max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the motor-vehicle width. Horizontal 80 outside Vertical 5 above and 20 below the horizontal line. Must be dimensioned so that the sidelight, taillight, licence plate, and side marker lights can only be activated or deactivated simultaneously. Authorized. If one is present, it s function must be fulfilled by the mandatory control device for the sidelight and taillight. The front, white clearance light and the rear, red clearance light can be combined in one light if the mounting regulations and viewing angle regulations are adhered to. Each sidelight and/or side reflector can be used. Additional reflector material is authorized. Reflector, Front 400 mm 250 mm 600 mm 900 mm Mandatory for vehicles with retracting headlights/lights. Authorized for all other vehicles. White Form Non-triangular 250 mm, max. 900 mm (exception: 1,500 mm) 400 mm from outermost point of the vehicle width. Distance between the reflectors for M 1 -vehicles and N 1 - vehicles not determined. For all other vehicle classes, min. 600 mm between both reflectors, but min. 400 mm for motor-vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm. Horizontal ± 30 Vertical ± 10, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm, 5 downwards 8 Hella KGaA
Daytime Running Lights 400 mm 250 mm 600 mm 1.500 mm Authorized for all vehicle classes White 250 mm, max. 1,500 mm 400 mm from outermost point of the vehicle width. 600 mm between both daylight running lights, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm. Horizontal ± 20 Vertical ± 10 1 Automatic start-up when engine is started. The daylight running lights must turn off automatically when the headlight is switched on. Mandatory Cornering Light 400 mm 250 mm 900 mm Authorized for all vehicle classes White 250 mm, max. 900 mm, but no higher than the dipped beam light Longitudinal Direction 1,000 mm from the front most point of the vehicle width 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle width Horizontal ± 30 Vertical ± 30 to 60 outwards Must be designed so that they can only be turned on when the full and the dipped beam lights are turned on. Activation only when the turn signals on the same vehicle side are turned on and/or when the steering wheel is changed from the straightforward position. Automatic turn-off when turn signal is turned off and/or the steering wheel is back in the straightforward position. None Cornering lights may not be turned on at speeds of > 40 km/h Hella KGaA 9
Motorhome Side 2 2 Turn Signal (Indicator Light), Side 1.500 mm 1.800 mm 350/500 mm Quantity (minimum illumination = 0.6 cd) Mandatory for M 1 -vehicles Mandatory for N 1 -, M 2, and M 3 vehicles 6 metres Category 6 (minimum illumination = 50 cd) Mandatory for N 2 and N 3 vehicles Mandatory for N 1 -, M 2, and M 3 vehicles > 6 metres 1 on each side Amber 350 mm for M 1 and N 1 vehicles. 500 mm for all other vehicle classes. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,300 mm) Longitudinal 1,800 mm from the front, measured from the outermost point (exception: 2,500 mm) Horizontal min. 5 to 60 rear Vertical ± 15, but for mounting heights of < 750 mm, 5 downwards Mandatory. The light must flash independent of the other lights. They are attached on the same vehicle side and must be activated and deactivated using the same lever/switch. They must flash synchronously Mandatory Category 5 turn signals on the side may be replaced with category 6 in any case 10 Hella KGaA
Reflector, Side 3.000 mm 900 mm 3.000 mm 250 mm 1.000 mm Quantity Number Mandatory for all vehicles > 6 metres At least 1 in the middle third Allowed for all vehicles 6 metres At least one in the front and/or rear third Amber in the front and rear (in combination with taillight, red is possible as well) 2 Shape Longitudinal Non-triangular 250 mm, max. 900 mm (exception: 1,500 mm) At least 1 reflector in the middle third. The front most attached reflector must be attached max. 3 metres from the front most vehicle point. 3 metres between the individual reflectors (exception: 4 metres). This does not apply to M 1 and N 1 vehicles. distance from the rear 1 meter. Horizontal 45 Vertical ± 10, but for mounting heights of < 750 mm, 5 downwards The illuminated surfaces of the reflector can be integrated in the side marker light. Here, the maximum mounting height of the reflector must be considered. Parking Lights, Side 1.500 mm 400 mm 350 mm Quantity Authorized for vehicles 6 metres long and 2 metres wide. Unauthorized for all other vehicles. 2 lights at the front and 2 at the rear, or one light on each side Amber No special regulations for M 1 and N 1 vehicles For all other motor-vehicle classes: min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm) 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle width. If only 2 lights are attached, attachment to the vehicle sides. The parking lights must work without the other lights being turned on. Authorized. If one is present, it must not be confused with the control device for the sidelight and taillight. Usually, the function of parking lights is taken over by the taillight and sidelight Hella KGaA 11
Side Marker Light Mandatory for all vehicles > 6 metres, except for chassis with cab. Authorized for all other vehicles. 2 3.000 mm 1.500 mm 3.000 mm 250 mm 1.000 mm Quantity At least 1 in the middle third Mandatory for M 1 and N 1 vehicles with a length of 6 metres, if the geometric visibility of the sidelight and taillight must be balanced Quantity At least 1 in the front and/or rear third Amber in the front and rear (in combination with combination rear light, red is possible as well) Longitudinal 250 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm) 3 metres from the front, 1 meter rear, max. 3 metres between the individual side marker lights (exception: 4 metres) Horizontal ± 45. But for vehicles with authorized attachment, ±30. Vertical ± 10, but for mounting heights of < 750 mm 5 downwards. For M 1 and N 1 vehicles with a length of < 6 metres, the side-marker lights may also flash an indicator light. They must flash with the same frequency and on the same side as the turn signal. No special regulations for all other motorvehicle classes. Authorized. If one is present, it s function must be fulfilled by the mandatory control device for the sidelight and taillight. The illuminated surface of the reflector can be integrated in the side marker. Here, the maximum mounting height of the reflector must be considered. The rear side marker light must be yellow, if it flashes together with the rear turn signal. Note: SM1 light light value at least 4 cd = Usage in all vehicle classes SM2 light light value at least 0.8 cd = Usage only in M 1 class 12 Hella KGaA
Retro-reflective Markings through side retro-reflective Strips and Contour Markings (ECE Regulation No. 104) 1.500 mm 250 mm Authorized for vehicle classes M 2, M 3, N 1,and N 2 vehicle. Unauthorized for all M 1 vehicles. Scheme Retro-reflective marking material may consist of one or several parts. Mandatory Width: 50 mm + 10/-0 mm Minimum Length of one part: An authorization sign must be visible (from a distance of 0.5 meter). 2 Height Longitudinal White or yellow At least 250 mm, max. 1,500 mm above the ground As far as possible, the attachment of the markings must be indicated along the entire length (80%) of the vehicle. In case of broken strips, the distance between the individual parts must be as small as possible and must not be larger than 50% of the length of the shortest part. Hella KGaA 13
Motorhome Rear 3 3 Turn Signal (Indicator Light), Rear 400 mm 350 mm 600 mm 1.500 mm Mandatory for all vehicles, Category 2a or 2b Amber 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm only if no additional indicator lights are attached). Mounting height of the additional indicator lights: 600 mm above the mandatory indicator light. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle width. Does not apply to additional indicator lights. 600 mm between both indicator lights, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm. Horizontal 45 on the inside to 80 outside, Vertical ± 15, but for mounting heights of < 750 mm, 5 downwards The light must flash independent of the other lights. They are attached on the same vehicle side and must be activated and deactivated using the same lever/switch. They must flash synchronously. Mandatory of 2 additional signal lights on all M 2, M 3, N 2 and N 3 vehicles Note: Category 2a: one illumination intensity level = Light values min. 50 cd Category 2b: two illumination intensity levels = Light values in the day min. 175 cd, at night min. 40 cd 14 Hella KGaA
Taillights 400 mm 350 mm 600 mm 1.500 mm Mandatory for all vehicles Red 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm only if no additional taillights are attached). Mounting height of the additional taillights: 600 mm above the mandatory taillight. 3 400 mm from the outmost point of the vehicle width. Does not apply to additional taillights. Distance between taillights for M 1 and N 1 vehicles not determined. For all other motor-vehicle classes, min. 600 mm between the taillights, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm. Horizontal 45 on the inside to 80 outside. Vertical ± 15, but for mounting heights of < 750 mm, 5 downwards Must be connected so that the sidelight, taillight, licence plate, and side marker lights can only be activated and deactivated simultaneously Mandatory. Must be combined with the control device for the sidelights. Only if no clearance lights are attached, two additional sidelights and taillights can be attached to all M 2, M 3, N 2 and N 3 vehicles Hella KGaA 15
3 400 mm Brake Lights Mandatory for all vehicles, category S1 or S2 Exception: when category S3 brake lights are attached, two additional category S1 or S2 brake lights can be attached to M 2, M 3, N 2 and N 3 motor vehicles. 350 mm 600 mm 1.500 mm Red 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm only if no 2 additional brake lights are attached). Mounting height of the additional brake lights: min. 600 mm above the mandatory brake light. For M 1 and N 1 vehicles max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle width. No regulation regarding the distance between the brake lights. For all other motorvehicle classes min. 600 mm between the brake lights, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm. Horizontal 45 Vertical ± 15, but for mounting heights of < 750 mm, also 5 downwards Must illuminate when the brake pedal is applied Authorized: if one is present, only as functional control light in the form of a non-flashing warning light which illuminates in case of failure The distance of the S1 or S2 brake light to the rear fog light must be > 100 mm Note: Category S1: one illumination intensity level = Light values min. 60 cd Category S2: two illumination intensity levels = Light values in the day min. 130 cd, at night min. 30 cd 16 Hella KGaA
Safety Brake Light 850 mm Mandatory for all M 1 and N 1 vehicles, category S3. Exception: chassis with cab and N 1 vehicles with open storage space. Authorized for all other vehicle classes. Quantity 1 Only when the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle is not located on a fixed body panel but separates one or two moving parts (e.g. doors) and lacks sufficient space to install a single device of the S3 category on the median longitudinal plane above such movable parts. Two type D2 S3 brake lights or one S3 brake light of the longitudinal centre plane can be attached. Red Either max. 150 mm under the rear windshield or min. 850 mm above the ground, above the S1 and S2 brake lights. 3 Reference point must be in the vehicle s longitudinal centre plane. If two S3 brake lights are attached, each must be attached as close as possible to the longitudinal centre plane. If only one S3 brake light is attached next to the longitudinal centre plane, the distance can only be max. 150 mm. Horizontal ± 10. Vertical 10 above and 5 below the horizontal line. Must illuminate when the brake pedal is applied Authorized: if one is present, only as a functional control light in the form of a non-flashing warning light which illuminates in case of failure. The S3 brake light can be attached to the outside or inside of the vehicle. If it is attached to the inside, it must not blind the driver. Note: Category S3/Safety Brake Light = Light values min. 25 cd/max. 80 cd Category S3/Type D Double Light= Light values min. 25 cd/max. 55 cd Hella KGaA 17
Reverse Light Mandatory for all vehicle classes 3 Quantity Vehicle lengths of 6 metres = 1 mandatory, a second for M 1 vehicles and authorized for all other motor-vehicle classes. Vehicle lengths of > 6 metres, except for M 1 vehicles, 2 mandatory and 2 additional authorized in all other motorvehicle classes. White 250 mm 1.200 mm 250 mm, max. 1,200 mm No regulation 1 light: Horizontal ± 45. 2 lights: Horizontal 30 on the inside to 45 outside. Vertical ± 15 above, to 5 below. Activated only in reverse gear. The electric circuit of the auxiliary reverse lights must be designed so that the sidelight, taillight, licence plate, and side marker lights can only be activated and deactivated simultaneously. Authorized The attachment of auxiliary reverse lights is possible on the vehicle s rear or side Note: The interim regulations state that new motor vehicle types (all motor vehicle classes) which are newly registered from July 2006 onwards must be equipped with 1 reverse light if the vehicle length is < 6000 mm and 2 reverse lights if the vehicle length is > 6000 mm (except for M 1 model). Rear Fog light 250 mm 1.000 mm Quantity 1 or 2, General Mandatory for all vehicle classes Red 250 mm, max. 1,000 mm No regulation For 1 rear fog light: Left from the middle = right-hand traffic Right from the middle = left-hand traffic in the middle authorized Horizontal ± 25 Vertical ± 5 Activated only when dipped beam, main beam or fog light are turned on Mandatory. An independent non-flashing control light. The distance to the stop light must be > 100 mm 18 Hella KGaA
Licence plate Light Quantity Mandatory for all vehicle classes 1 or more White Middle or left side (or right side for left-hand traffic) 3 Must be designed so that the sidelight, taillight and side marker lights can only be activated and deactivated simultaneously. Authorized. If a control device is present, it s function must be fulfilled by the mandatory control device for the sidelight and taillight. Parking Light, Rear Authorized for vehicles 6 metres long and 2 metres wide. Unauthorized for all other motor vehicles. Quantity 2 lights at the front, 2 at the rear, or one light on each side 400 mm 350 mm 1.500 mm Red No special regulations for M 1 and N 1 vehicles. For all other vehicle classes: min. 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm) 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle width. If only 2 lights are attached, attachment to the vehicle sides. The parking lights must also work without any other lights being turned on Authorized. If one is present, it must not be confused with the control device for the sidelight and taillight. Usually, the function of parking lights is taken over by the taillights and sidelights Hella KGaA 19
3 As high as possible 400 mm Clearance Light, Rear Mandatory for vehicles > 2.1 metres wide. Authorized for vehicles > 1.8 metres to 2.1 metres wide. Red As high as possible As far outside as possible; max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the motor-vehicle width. Horizontal 80 to the outside; vertical 5 above and 20 below the horizontal line. Must be connected so that the sidelight, taillight, licence plate, and side marker lights can only be activated and deactivated simultaneously. Authorized. If one is present, it s function must be fulfilled by the mandatory control device for the sidelight and taillight. The front, white clearance light and the rear, red clearance light may be combined into one light if the attachment regulations and the viewing angle ranges are adhered to. The distance of the clearance light to the taillight must be min. 200 mm. Each taillight and/or rear reflector can be used. Additional reflector material is authorized. 20 Hella KGaA
Reflector, Rear 400 mm 250 mm 600 mm 900 mm Form Mandatory for all vehicle classes Red Non-triangular 250 mm, max. 900 mm (exception: 1,500 mm) 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle width. The distance between the reflectors in M 1 and in N 1 vehicles is not determined. For all other vehicles, min. 600 mm between both reflectors, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm. Horizontal ±30 Vertical ± 10, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm, 5 downwards. 3 The illuminated surface of the reflector can be integrated in the combination rear light. The maximum mounting height of the reflector must be considered! Retro-reflective Markings through rear retro-reflective Strips and Contour Markings (ECE Regulation No. 104) Authorized for vehicle classes M 2,M 3, N 1,and N 2 vehicle. Unauthorized for M 1 vehicles. Scheme Retro-reflective marking material may consist of one or several parts. Mandatory Width: 50 mm + 10/-0 mm Minimum Length of one part: An authorization sign must be visible (from a distance of 0.5 meter). 250 mm 1.500 mm Longitudinal Red (rear) At least 250 mm, max. 1,500 mm above the ground As far as possible, the attachment of the markings must be indicated along the entire length (80%) of the vehicle. In case of broken strips, the distance between the individual parts must be as small as possible and must not be larger than 50% of the length of the shortest part. The distance between the retro-reflective marking material on the rear-side of the vehicle and each mandatory brake light must be > 200 mm. Hella KGaA 21
Legal Regulations for Trailers according to ECE Regulation 48 Trailer - Front 4 4 Legal Regulations for Lights Due to the scope of legal regulations, only the most important legal regulations are explained at this point. In the following regulations you can find all relevant information pertaining to signal lights, their characteristics and usage. Trailer/ Caravan classes Vehicle Class O 1 O 2 O 3 O 4 Trailers up to 0.75 tons Trailers over 0.75 tons up to 3.5 tons Trailers over 3.5 tons up to 10 tons Trailers over 10 tons ECE-R 3 Reflector ECE-R 4 Licence plate light ECE-R 6 Turn signals, front, rear and side ECE-R 7 Sidelight, taillight, brake light and clearance light ECE-R 23 Reverse light ECE-R 38 Rear fog light ECE-R 77 Parking light, front and rear ECE-R 87 Daytime running lights ECE-R 91 Side marker Light ECE-R 104 Retro-reflective markings ECE-R 48 For installation and use 22 Hella KGaA
400 mm As high as possible As far on the outside as possible Clearance Light, Front Mandatory for trailers > 2.1 metres wide. Authorized for trailers > 1.8 metres to 2.1 metres wide. White As high as possible As far outside as possible; max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle width. Horizontal 80 to the outside; vertical 5 above and 20 below the horizontal line Must be connected so that the sidelight, taillight, licence plate, and side marker light can only be activated and deactivated simultaneously. 4 Authorized. If one is present, it s function must be fulfilled by the mandatory control device for the sidelight and taillight. The front, white clearance light and the rear, red clearance light may be combined into one light if the attachment regulations and the viewing angle ranges are adhered to. Each sidelight and/or side reflector can be used. Additional reflector material is authorized. Hella KGaA 23
Sidelight, Front Mandatory for trailers > 1.6 metres wide Authorized for trailers 1.6 metres wide 4 400 mm 350 mm 600 mm 1.500 mm White 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm only for O 1 and O 2 trailers, or if max. 1,500 is not possible for other trailers) 400 mm from the outermost point of vehicle width. 600 mm between both sidelights, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm Horizontal 5 to the inside to 80 outside. Vertical ± 15, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm, also 5 downwards Must be connected so that the sidelight, taillight, licence plate, and side marker lights can only be activated and deactivated simultaneously. Mandatory. The warning light can flash. Not necessary if the lighting device can only be operated simultaneously with the sidelight. The illuminated surface of the reflector can be integrated into the taillight. The mounting height of the reflector must be considered! 24 Hella KGaA
Reflector, Front 150 mm 250 mm 600 mm 900 mm Form Mandatory for all trailers White Non-triangular 250 mm, max. 900 mm (exception: 1,500 mm) 150 mm, min. 600 mm distance between both reflectors, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm 4 Horizontal 10 to the inside and 30 to the outside Vertical ± 10, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm, 5 downwards The illuminated surface of the reflector can be integrated into the sidelight. The mounting height of the reflector must be considered! Hella KGaA 25
Trailer, Side 5 5 Reflector, Side 3.000 mm 900 mm 3.000 mm 250 mm 1.000 mm Quantity Form Mandatory for all trailers At least 1 in the middle third Amber Non-triangular 250 mm, max. 900 mm (exception: 1,500 mm) 3 metres from the front (incl. tow bar), max. 1 meter from the rear, max. 3 metres between the individual reflectors (exception: 4 metres) Horizontal ±45 Vertical ± 10, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm, 5 downwards The illuminated surface of the reflector can be integrated into the side marker light. The maximum mounting height of the reflector must be considered! 26 Hella KGaA
Side Marker Light (SM1) 3.000 mm 1.500 mm 3.000 mm 250 mm 1.000 mm Quantity Longitudinal Mandatory for trailers > 6 metres long Authorized for trailers < 6 metres long At least one in the middle third Amber at the front and rear (in combination with combination rear light, red is possible as well) 250 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm) 3 metres from the front (incl. tow bar), 1 meter rear, max. 3 metres between the individual side marker lights (exception: 4 metres) 5 Horizontal ± 45 Vertical ± 10, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm, 5 downwards No regulations Authorized. If one is present, it s function must be fulfilled by the mandatory control device for the sidelight and taillight. The illuminated surface of the reflector can be integrated in the side-marker. Here, the maximum mounting height of the reflector must be considered. Note: SM1 light = light value min. 4 cd = Used in all trailer classes Retro-reflective Markings through side retro-reflective Strips and Contour Markings (ECE Regulation No. 104) 1.500 mm 250 mm Scheme Authorized for all trailers Retro-reflective marking material may consist of one or several parts. Mandatory Width: 50 mm + 10/-0 mm Minimum Length of one part: An authorization sign must be visible (from a distance of 0.5 meter) Longitudinal White or Amber At least 250 mm, max. 1,500 mm above the ground As far as possible, the attachment of the markings must be indicated along the entire length (80%) of the trailer. In case of broken strips, the distance between the individual parts must be as small as possible and must not be larger than 50% of the length of the shortest part. Hella KGaA 27
Trailer, Rear 6 6 Reflector, Rear 400 mm 250 mm 600 mm 900 mm Form Scheme Mandatory for all trailers Red Triangular The triangle s peak must be aligned upwards 250 mm, max. 900 mm (exception: 1,500 mm) 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle width. 600 mm between both reflectors, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm. Horizontal ±30 Vertical ± 15, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm, 5 downwards. The attachment of a combination rear light with integrated rectangular reflector is authorized for trailers. Additional reflector material is authorized. 28 Hella KGaA
Turns Signal (Indicator Light), Rear 400 mm 350 mm 600 mm 1.500 mm Mandatory for all trailers, category 2a or 2b Amber 350 mm max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm, only if no two additional indicator lights were attached). Mounting height of the additional indicator lights: min. 600 mm above the mandatory indicator lights. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle width. This does not apply to additional signal lights. At least 600 mm between both reflectors, but at least 400 mm if total width < 1,300 mm. 6 Horizontal 45 inside to 80 outside Vertical ± 15, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm 5 downwards The light must be turned on independent of the other lights. They are attached on the same vehicle side and must be activated and deactivated using the same lever/switch. They must flash synchronously. Mandatory of 2 additional indicator lights (2a or 2b) to all O 2, O 3 and O 4 class trailers authorized Note: Category 2a = one illumination intensity level; light value min. 50 cd Category 2b = two illumination intensity levels; light value min. 175 cd in the day and min. 40 cd at night. Hella KGaA 29
Taillight 6 400 mm 350 mm 600 mm 1.500 mm Mandatory for all trailers Red 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm only if no two additional taillights are attached). Mounting height of the additional taillights: min. 600 mm above the mandatory taillight. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle width. Does not apply to additional taillights. 600 mm between both taillights, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm. Horizontal 45 inside to 80 outside. Vertical ± 15, but for mounting heights < 750 mm, 5 downwards. Must be connected so that the sidelight, taillight, licence plate, and side marker lights can only be activated and deactivated simultaneously. Mandatory. Must be combined with the control device for the sidelights. Only if no clearance lights are attached, can two additional sidelights and taillights be attached to all O 2, O 3 and O 4 trailers. 30 Hella KGaA
Brake Light Mandatory for all trailers, category S1 or S2 600 mm Only if no category S3 brake lights are attached, can additional category S1 or S2 brake lights be attached to O 2, O 3 and O 4 trailers. 6 350 mm 1.500 mm Red 350 mm, max. 1,500 mm (exception: 2,100 mm only if no 2 additional brake lights are attached). Mounting height of the additional brake lights: min. 600 mm above the mandatory brake light. For all trailer classes min. 600 mm between the brake lights, but min. 400 mm for vehicle widths of < 1,300 mm. Horizontal 45. Vertical ± 15, but for a mounting height of < 750 mm, also 5 downwards Must illuminate when the brake pedal is applied Authorized: if one is present, only as functional control light in the form of a non-flashing warning light which illuminates in case of failure. The distance of the S1 and S2 brake light to the rear fog light must be > 100 mm Note: Category S1: one illumination intensity level = Light values min. 60 cd Category S2: two illumination intensity levels = Light values in the day min. 130 cd, at night min. 30 cd Hella KGaA 31
6 850 mm Safety brake light Authorized for all category S3 trailers. Quantity 1 Only when the median longitudinal plane is not located on a fixed body panel but separates one or two moving parts of the vehicle (e.g. doors) and lacks sufficient space to install a single device of the S3 category on the median longitudinal plane above such movable parts. Two type D2 S3 brake lights or one S3 brake light of the longitudinal centre plane can be attached. Red 850 mm above the ground, above the S1 and S2 brake lights. Reference point must be in the vehicle s longitudinal centre plane. If two S3 brake lights are attached, each must be attached as close as possible to the longitudinal centre plane. If only one S3 brake light is attached next to the longitudinal centre plane, the distance must be no larger than 150 mm. Horizontal ± 10 Vertical 10 above and 5 below the horizontal line Must illuminate when the brake pedal is applied Authorized: if one is present, only as functional control light in the form of a non-flashing warning light which illuminates in case of failure. Note: Category S3/Safety Brake Light = Light values min. 25 cd/max. 80 cd Category S3/Type D Double Light = Light values min. 25 cd/max. 55 cd 32 Hella KGaA
Reverse Light Quantity Mandatory for all O 2, O 3 and O 4 trailer classes. Authorized for O 1 trailers. 1 mandatory, a second authorized for trailers < 6 metres. 2 mandatory for trailers > 6 metres long and 2 additional authorized in all other trailers. 6 250 mm 1.200 mm White 250 mm, max. 1,200 mm No regulation 1 light: Horizontal ± 45 2 lights: Horizontal 30 inside to 45 outside Vertical ± 15 above, to 5 below Activated only in reverse gear. The electric circuit of the auxiliary reverse lights must be designed, so that the sidelight, taillight, licence plate, and side marker lights can only be activated and deactivated simultaneously. Authorized The attachment of auxiliary reverse lights is possible on the vehicle s rear or side Note: The interim regulations state that new trailer types (O 2, O 3 and O 4 ) which are newly registered from July 2006 onwards must be equipped with 1 reverse light if the trailer length is < 6000 mm and 2 reverse lights if the trailer length is > 6000 mm. Hella KGaA 33
Rear Fog light 6 250 mm 1.000 mm Quantity 1 or 2, General Mandatory for all trailers Red 250 mm, max. 1,000 mm No regulation For 1 rear fog light: Left from the middle = right-hand traffic Right from the middle = left-hand traffic in the middle authorized Horizontal ± 25 Vertical ± 5 Activated only when dipped beam, main beam or fog lights are turned on Mandatory. An independent non-flashing control light. The distance to the brake light must be > 100 mm Licence plate Light Quantity Licence plate Mandatory for all trailers 1 or more White Middle or left side (or right side for left-hand traffic) Must be designed so that the sidelight, taillight and side marker light can only be activated and deactivated simultaneously Authorized. If a control device is present, it s function must be fulfilled by the mandatory control device for the sidelight and taillight. 34 Hella KGaA
400 mm As high as possible as far outside as possible Clearance Light, Rear Mandatory for trailers > 2.1 metres wide Authorized for trailers > 1.8 metres to 2.1 metres wide Red As high as possible As far outside as possible; max. 400 mm from the outermost point of the vehicle width Horizontal 80 to the outside; vertical 5 above and 20 below the horizontal line Must be dimensioned so that the sidelight, taillight, licence plate, and side marker light can only be activated and deactivated simultaneously. Authorized. If a control device is present, it s function must be fulfilled by the mandatory control device for the sidelight and taillight. 6 The front, white clearance light and the rear, red clearance light may be combined into one light if the attachment regulations and the viewing angle ranges are adhered to. The distance of the clearance light to the taillight must be min. 200 mm. Each taillight and/or rear reflector can be used. Additional reflector material is authorized. Retro-reflective Markings through rear retro-reflective Strips and Contour Markings (ECE Regulation No. 104) Scheme Authorized for all trailers Retro-reflective marking material may consist of one or several parts. Mandatory Width: 50 mm + 10/-0 mm Minimum Length of one part: An authorization sign must be visible (from a distance of 0.5 meter). 250 mm 1.500 mm Longitudinal Red (rear) At least 250 mm, max. 1,500 mm above the ground As far as possible, the attachment of the markings must be indicated along the entire length (80%) of the vehicle. In case of broken strips, the distance between the individual parts must be as small as possible and must not be larger than 50% of the length of the shortest part. The distance between the retro-reflective marking material on the rear-side of the vehicle and each mandatory brake light must be > 200 mm. Hella KGaA 35
Hella KGaA Hueck & Co., Lippstadt 9Z2 999 122-092 FR/10.05/2.138 Printed in Germany Hella KGaA Hueck & Co. Rixbecker Straße 75 59552 Lippstadt, Germany Phone: +49 (0) 29 41-38-0 Fax: +49 (0) 29 41-38-71 33 Internet: www.hella.com Ideas today for the cars of tomorrow