Scorebord van België Prof. Dr. Ir. Joeri Van Mierlo 8-11-2010 1
Electric Vehicles beat the speed limits 1899 Jenatzy - Jamais Contente 2010 Venturi 100 km/h 495 km/h 8-11-2010 Pag. 2
BELGIUM WITHIN EUROPE 8-11-2010 Pag. 3
Overview in Europe (some examples) United Kingdom 450 milj 100.000 EVs asap 25.000 charging stations in 2015 The Netherlands 65 milj euro 10k EVs in 2015, 200k EVs in 2040 200 charging points by 2010 France 1500 milj euro 2 milj EVs by 2020 4 milj charging points by 2020 Sweden 2030 Electric vehicle city 2050 Fossil free city 2010: 100 charging stations (65% households have engine heathers) Germany 500 milj euro 1 milj. in 2020, 5 milj in 2030 Portugal 180k EVs in 2020 25000 charging points by 2020 8-11-2010 Pag. 4 Spain 590 milj euro 20k EVs in 2011, 50k in 2012, 250k in 2014 25000 charging points by 2020 Ref: MOBI; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 2010 Italy 10% EVs by 2020
European Cities (Some examples) London 60m, 100.000 EVs asap 25.000 charging stations in 2015 Amsterdam 10k EVs by 2015, 0.2 milj by 2040 Paris 50m 4.000 EVs in car rental system 8.000 parkings with charging station Madrid, Sevilla, Barcelona 2010: 2.000 EVs 280 charging stations in Madrid 191 charging stations in Bacelona 58-11-2010 Pag. Stockholm 2030 Electric vehicle city 2010: 100 charging stations Berlin 500 charging stations in2010 Rome 2010: 100 electric busses, 100 e- car, 220 e-bike sharing system Ref: MOBI; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 2010
In the pipeline Proeftuin (Minister Lieten) Actieplan EV (EWI) Masterplan EV (LNE) Platform EV (FOD Economie) Federale financiële incentives Watt roadshow (BBL en ASBE) Road map EV (BBL) Flanders Drive R&D projects VUB R&D projects 8-11-2010 Pag. 6
Demo and collaboration in Europe United Kingdom EDF-Toyota, Milton Keynes, Plugged-in Places Sweden MOBILEL, Joint venture Volvo, Saab, ETC, Vattenfall The Netherlands Essent (Project ZER-X) France Renault-Nissan-EDF (400 mio euro), Toyota- EDF, Renault Trucks EDF, Autolib autosharing (4,000 EVs, 50 mio euro) Germany E-mobility Berlin, Vattenfall Volvo, Vattenfall - BMW Spain Madrid airport Italy Enel-Renault-Nissan, Enel- Daimler (in Milan, Pisa & Rome) 8-11-2010 Pag. 7 Ref: MOBI; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 2010
EV financiële incentives United Kingdom Max 5,000 for EV, no registration and ownership tax Ireland Max 2,000 benefit on registration tax The Netherlands Max 6,400 benefit on registration tax for EV Belgium 30 % tax reduction on purchase price of EV (max 9,000) France Max 5,000 for EV Spain 2,000 to 6,000 for EV Portugal No registration tax Italy Max 3,500 for EV Source: MOBI Vrije Universiteit Brussel 2010 Norway No sales & no road tax (normally 10-40%!) Sweden Max 1,600 for EV, no circulation tax Denmark No registration tax for EVs (normallly between 105% and 180%) Czech Republic No road tax for EV Austria 500 for EV No fuel consumption tax & no road tax Greece No registration and circulation tax Cyprus 700 for EV Germany No circulation tax Romania No registration tax Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo; MOBI-VUB, 2010 Pag. 8 Data is not exhaustive!
Taxation for EVs in Belgium Reduction Maximum Quadricycle 15% 4.540 EV 30% 9.000 Charging point 40% 250 Registration tax EV 61,50 Ownership tax EV 71,28 Lowest rates possible in Belgium 2010 rates 8-11-2010 Pag. 9 Ref: http://www.minfin.fgov.be/portail2/nl/themes/transport/vehiclespurchase.htm#d1 http://www.mobimix.be/inhoud/2010/10/12/1970
Life Cycle Cost of EVs 8-11-2010 Pag. 10
Vehicle Cost structure 8-11-2010 Pag. 11
Life Cycle Cost of EVs EVs still higher LCC BUT Economies of scale New contracts cfr leasing ICE cars EVs 8-11-2010 Pag. 12 Ref: Cathy Macharis & Kenneth Lebeau VUB - 2010
Environmentally friendly vehicles research (@ MOBI) Tax reform analyses Life cycle cost calculations Pag. 8-11-2010 13 Policy evaluation Vehicle choice modelling Price sensitivity measures Purchase behaviour assessment Travel behaviour assessment Information processing experiments Prof. Cathy Macharis - VUB
BELGIUM MARKET 8-11-2010 Pag. 14
Today Tazzari Zero Newteon Goupil Smile 8-11-2010 Pag. 15
Tomorrow Nissan Leaf Mitsubishi MiEV Opel Ampera Smart ED 8-11-2010 Pag. 16
Tomorrow e-mini Renault Fluence Vovlo C30 Peugeot I-on 8-11-2010 Pag. 17
Which EVs will you buy? Small car Citroën C-zero Pininfarina B zero Mitsubishi imiev Medium sized car Renault Fluence Ford Focus electric BMW ActiveE Sports car Audi E-tron Fisker Karma Mercedes SLS AMG 8-11-2010 Pag. 18 Ref:
Already available The EVs are coming Renault Kangoo ZEFord Transit Connect S1 2011 summer 2011 Think City Mitsu imiev Renault Fluence Renault Twizzy BMW Active E Tazzari Zero Pininfarina B Zero Peugeot ion / Citroën C-zero Reva/G-Wizz 8-11-2010 19 Heuliez Friendly Daimler A EV Nissan Leaf Volvo PHEV Toyota Prius PHEV BMW Mini E Opel Ampera / Chevy Volt Renault Zoe ZE
Electric vehicles in Belgium 8-11-2010 Pag. 20
Hybrid Vehicles in Belgium Around 6000 hybrid vehicles Important sales increase since 2007, due to climate change awareness and financial incentives, e.g. 2004: 400 Prius II 2009: 1400 Prius III Hybrid Auris: 1.200 in 3 months 8-11-2010 Pag. 21
Evolution of Passenger transport energy sources and propulsion technology, towards 2050 8-11-2010 Pag. 22 Source: ERTRAC Strategic Research Agenda 2010: Towards a 50% more efficient road transport system by 2030
Policy measures for EVs 8-11-2010 Pag. 23 Ref: Development of policy recommendations to harvest the potential of electric vehicles
INFRASTRUCTURE 8-11-2010 Pag. 24
1979 - Vrije Universiteit Brussel 8-11-2010 Pag. 25
Share of parkings in houses (Belgium, 2009) 3.4 milj garages, parkings of overdekte staanplaatsen bij woningen 5.2 milj personenwagens en lichte bedrijfswagens Totaal Buildings en flatgebouwen met appartementen Huizen in open bebouwing, hoeven en kastelen Huizen in halfopen bebouwing Huizen in gesloten bebouwing 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% % garages/woongelegenheid % garages/gebouw 8-11-2010 Pag. 26 Bron: Joeri Van Mierlo VUB op basis van FOD Economie
Range anxiety 95 tot 99% ritten <100km 30% wagenpark nooit >100km Laadinfrastructuur Plug-in hybride (EV+range extender) Dynamisch inductief laden Betere batterijen: Specifieke energie (Wh/kg): x2 x2 x3 x3 Lead Nickel Lithium 2020 2030 30 35 50 80 80 200 400-600 1000-2000? J. Van Mierlo - VUB Pag. 27
Charging infrastructure Inductive charging Fast charging (5%) Normal charging 95% (overnight, cheap, available everywhere, efficient) 8-11-2010 Pag. 28
Charging points in Belgium Normal charge In Belgium: installment of charging points done by companies, parking holders and private initiatives Quick charge PLUG TO DRIVE (Total Belgium) 12 quick chargers installed around Brussels Examples: Leaseplan, McDonalds, Belgacom, Eandis, Interparking, Q8, Brico, Est: >100 charging points in Belgium Mostly on semi-private domain 8-11-2010 Pag. 29 Ref: http://www.elektrischrijden.be/2010/08/ev-sector-vraagt-omopenbare-oplaadpunten/
Infrastructure Some examples: ThePluginCompany Becharged Enovates Ineltra Systems Krautli 8-11-2010 Pag. 30
Electricityproduction en distribution 10% EVs = > +1.375% extra electricity production But potential extra demand for electricity after working hours Smart battery charging during off peak hours Battery as storage solution? opportunity to give electricity back to the grid? Impact on life expectancy of battery 2 nd hand market for EV batteries (still 80% original capacity) 8-11-2010 Pag. 31
BELGIAN ELECTRICITY 8-11-2010 Pag. 32
Well-to-Wheel Electricity production Electric Vehicle Fuel production ICE vehicle 8-11-2010 Pag. 33
Well-to-Wheel energy consumption 8-11-2010 Pag. 34 Ref: Van Mierlo J., Macharis C., Boureima F., Messagie M., Turcksin L.; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Clever project; 2010
LCA results small family car: GHE (IPCC g CO2 eq/km) 8-11-2010 Pag. 35 Ref: Van Mierlo J., Macharis C., Boureima F., Messagie M., Turcksin L.; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Clever project; 2010
Influence of Power Plant Boxplot: Range of GHE results for BEV (ton CO2-eq) 8-11-2010 Pag. 36 Ref: Van Mierlo J., Macharis C., Boureima F., Messagie M., Turcksin L.; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Clever project; 2010
More info? Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo Contact Joeri.van.mierlo@vub.ac.be +32 2 629 28 03 http://mobi.vub.ac.be www.asbe.be 8-11-2010 Pag. 37