REGIONAL STUDY OF SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY. THEMATIC: ELECTRIC MOBILITY REGION: Skane (Sweden)

Transcription

1 REGIONAL STUDY OF SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY THEMATIC: ELECTRIC MOBILITY REGION: Skane (Sweden)

2 BEST PRACTICE 1 E-MOBILITY MALMÖ

3 Identifying data of the practice: E-Mobility Malmö DATA COMPILATION TEMPLATE Knowledge gaining campaign E-mobility Malmö, is a project that energy company E.ON runs in corporation with City of Malmö and with support from Swedish Energy Agency. The project aims at gaining knowledge about electricty vehicles, and collect needed information to be able to develop a future proof infrastructure for a sustainable transportation system. Contact person: Per-Arne Nilsson Position of the contact person: Head of Department for city development and climate. Malmö city environmental office Contact details. Per-Arne.Nilsson@malmo.se, Objectives of the practice: One objective of the project is to contribute to a better environment in the City of Malmö, through the invention of new sustainable transport modes, using electricity for propulsion. Another important objective is to contribute to increased knowledge about electrical vehicle as a low carbon solution. By using test households and car sharing, can we learn what already are working fine today, but also what the challenges are and at the moment not working satisfactory. This will help us a lot when we start our large scale efforts in introducing electrical vehicles and related infrastructure in the region. Process and detailed content of the practice (Description): The project runs between and The main scope of the project is that test persons from different social and employment groups in society will test different kinds of electrical vehicles. City of Malmö, as an organisation, is also part of the project. By making it possible for the cities employees to use electrical vehicles using pool sharing, even more people will have the opportunity to use electrical vehicles. The purpose of all this testing is to gain experiences and knowledge about using electrical vehicles and electrical infrastructure on a day to day basis. With the information gathered, E.ON has the possibility to evaluate and streamline their future efforts within the area. Origin: E-Mobility is a demonstration project to learn more about practical day to day use of electrical vehicles with E.ON and City of Malmö as partners. Bodies involved /Implementation E.ON (Implementing partner) City of Malmö (Implementing partner) Swedish Energy Agency (co-financer) Financial Framework (Funding): Public. Pag. 2

4 Swedish Energy Agency 10 MKr (ca 1,1 m ) City of Malmö 15 Mkr (ca 1,7 m ) Private. E.ON 15 Mkr (ca 1,7 m ) Legal Framework (current law and incentives system): The Swedish parliament has approved a target that the Swedish vehicle fleet shall be fossil fuel independent by In Sweden there is a certain subsidy for cars that emits less than 50 grams of CO2 per kilometre (km). The subsidy covers 35 % (maximum SEK, ca ) of the higher price for the low emitting model compared to a traditional one. It is predicted that most of these low emitting cars (lower than 50 grams) will be plug in hybrid (PHEV) and electric cars. Target group addressed by the practice: The public, meaning different social and employment groups in society, in Malmö. Communication and awareness campaigns: E-Mobility Malmö is a joint demonstration project between E.ON and the city of Malmö sponsored by the Swedish Energy Agency. Other partners involved are Lund University for evaluation of user behavior as well as parking and housing companies for establishment of charging infrastructure. The purpose is to introduce e-cars, e-bikes and e-scooters and to strengthen the infrastructure for electric vehicles. E.ON has established itself as the main local actor in the market for charging solutions. This is thanks to the cooperation with the housing companies in the city as well as the City of Malmö. It has also helped kick-start the retail organization when it comes to sales activities in E-mobility. The two main mobility concepts that are tested and evaluated by E.ON are electric vehicles in private test households and electric vehicle pools in E.ON offices. Geographic and population scope: City of Malmö 158,39 km2 Temperate climate Flat country near ocean 1944,5 inhabitants/km2 Sea side city, inhabitants ( ), Sweden s third largest city Ca 1,5% population growth per year. Pag. 3

5 Area of study. Zoning: Macro zoning, travel patterns within and outside the city. Socioeconomic characteristics: The spatial distribution is quite evenly in the city inhabitants/km2 Ca 1,4% per year. 0-1 year 1,65%, 1-5 years 6,4%, 6-9 years 3,73%, years 2,61%, years 2,8%, years 12,09%, years 32,91%, years 22,24%, years 10,42 %, 80 years 5,15%. Data for year Economic activity. Labour force and unemployment. Labour market. Unemployed total (women/men). Unemployment rate 13,8% total (jan 2012) (women/men). Employment rate 62,5% total (2011) (women/men). Situation of the workers (private/ public / individual entrepreneur / entrepreneur with employees / other situations). Sector (work area), 2009 Male Female Total Mining (minerals) Farming, hunting and forestry Water and sewage Supply of electricity, gas, heat and cooling Unknown Real estate Finance and insurance Culture, entertainment and leisure Other service Hotel and restaurant Public administration and defence Construction Transport and storage Information and communication Law, economy, science and technology Pag. 4

6 Renting, real estate service, travel service other support service Manufacturing Education Healthcare Retail Total Use of private vehicles. Motorisation: Cars: Motorcycles: Mopeds: Analysis of the mobility: In the City of Malmö there are busses as mean of public transport. All the city busses are fuelled by biogas. The amount of cars travelling in Malmö, is measured since The amount of bicycles travelling in Malmö, is measured since The distance travelled by car registered in the city of Malmö, declined by 17,5 % year 2011 compared with the year before. Areas of study developed in the practice: Electric car Electric moped Electric bicycle Mobility patterns by every day users Timescale: and Necessary human/economic/technologic resources and skills to realize and to Practice: Human resources o Test persons to drive the electrical vehicles Economic resources o Funding to buy electric vehicles o Co-financing from Swedish Energy Agency in the project manage the Best Pag. 5

7 Technological resources o Electrical vehicles (car, moped, bicycle) Monitoring and results: 3 e-cars (Peugeot ion), 2 e-scooters and 5 e-bikes are being placed in test households in 3-month periods. E.ON mainly targets households living in multi-family houses in Malmö, because it is a larger challenge to provide charging infrastructure to people who do not own their own parking space. Two rounds of test households have been carried out in 2011 and three rounds remain in In total, 50 households will have tested e-vehicles from E.ON when the project is finished. The project has received good local and national media coverage. Driver behavior is logged via GPS-trackers. If the household owns a car, this car is also logged before a new e-car is introduced and we can thereby investigate how driving behavior changes when an e-car is introduced. Preliminary results are: Vehicles o For e-scooters and e-bikes, it seems that their transport behavior has changed in an environmentally adapted direction: E-scooters and e-bikes replace trips with conventional cars; the e-bike trips are much longer than bike trips. o The first indication shows that the number of car trips increase when an e-car is introduced, but driving behavior charges in an environmental direction (eco-driving). Infrastructure o Building charging infrastructure in a city is complex because of the high number of parties involved (builders, parking companies, land owners, sub-contractors, land-lords, city planners) and it is time consuming with high costs. E.ON has made valuable experiences regarding this process, which is currently being optimized. o For most test households, it is easier and more cost efficient to rent a parking space in a nearby parking garage, rather than setting up a charging solution on an outside parking. For this reason, the project focuses on co-operation with parking garage owners in The vehicle pools have been placed at the three E.ON offices in Malmö and include in total 10 e-cars (3 Peugeot ion, 4 retrofitted Citroen C1 and 3 Toyota Prius retrofitted to plug-in), 3 e-scooters and 20 e-bikes. The pools have been running since May One office had 4 combustion engine pool cars from before, one office had pool bicycles the third office had no vehicles before E-mobility Malmö. All vehicles in E.ON s pools can be booked by all employees via E.ON s ordinary booking systems, also used for booking conference rooms etc. Apart from that usage of the vehicle pool is automatically logged in E.ON s booking system, the project also conducts employee surveys and follows up on the statistics for the number of taxi trips ordered by E.ON employees in Malmö. Preliminary results from the vehicle pools are: Pag. 6

8 Vehicles o Even though the e-vehicles have been popular from a start, a large information campaign with internal test driving events was needed to make the interest spread to a wider group of employees. Now, e-bikes and e-scooters are more popular than ordinary pool bikes and they are therefore more effective in decreasing the amount of taxi and car trips. o Quality problems have been an issue for e-bikes and e-scooters, and the e-pool is considerably more labor intense to maintain compared to the ordinary bike pools. o E-cars are more popular than combustion cars. In the office with combustion engine cars from before, the 2 e-cars placed at that office have been used twice as much as the 4 combustion engine cars. o The pure battery electric cars (not plug-in hybrids) have almost only been used for shorter trips (below 30 km) within the city, so state-of-charge is seldom below 80%. It would be interesting to see if this would change if a fast-charging station is introduced. Infrastructure o Mode-2 charging (with Shücko household plug) was first used with 16A charge cables, that later where exchanged with 10A cables for safety reasons. Even 10A is not safe and user friendly everywhere and there have been some problems. That mode-2 charging is available is very important for flexibility, but it should probably be limited to 6A in order to be safe. This is both a safety and convenience argument for using wall-boxes. o There have been very little problems with empty batteries. So far, there has not been any need for integration between booking system and charging. Remarks: Pag. 7

9 ANNEX 1: ELECTRIC MOBILITY TYPE OF VEHICLE: Car. TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VEHICLES: Peugeot ion, 4 seated electric car PERFORMANCE: 49 kw peak, 35 kw average 130 km/h top speed km/h 15,9 sec 150 km reach ENERGY NEEDS: 13,5 kwh/100 km TYPE OF VEHICLE: Electrical scooter TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VEHICLES: MyEco 20S/20L PERFORMANCE: 2000 W engine 45 km/h top speed 40 km/70 km reach 6-8 hours recharging time ENERGY NEEDS: 4,44 kwh/100 km TYPE OF VEHICLE: Bicycle TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VEHICLES: Ecoride Ambassador ERS/Trend Summit PERFORMANCE: 250 W engine 25 km/h engine maximum capacity Shimano 8 gears/7 gears km reach Pag. 8

10 5-7 hours recharging time ENERGY NEEDS: 1 kwh/100 km SUPPLY MODALITIES: Charging points: Mainly wall-box office charging (where the car pools have had their parking spaces). Some public charging. Resident charging for test household cars ENERGY SOURCES: From renewable energies (types): 46 % hydro power, 4 % bio power (swedish elctricty generation mix) From non-renewable energies. 49 % nuclear, 1 % oil (swedish elctricty generation mix) ELECTRICAL LOCAL POLICIES WHICH ARE ADOPTED IN THE MUNICIPALITY/REGION/COUNTRY: City of Malmö has an environmental transport program for both cargo and passenger transports, with purpose of becoming a more sustainable city. The city also has a strategy for clean vehicles. At the end of 2015 all smaller (passenger) vehicles, used by the city s administration, shall be classified as clean vehicles. Of the clean vehicles, 75 % of should run on biogas, hydrogen or electricity (also plug in hybrid). Pag. 9