Kansendossier Developments in Turkish Defense and Aerospace Industry. Opportunity or Threat

Transcription

1 Kansendossier Developments in Turkish Defense and Aerospace Industry Opportunity or Threat

2 Colofon Naam marktscan Development in Turkish Defense and Aerospace Industry Opgesteld voor Contactpersoon Opgesteld door Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands - Ankara - Economic and Commercial Section Contactpersoon Müge Yazgan Van Herk T (+90) ank-ea@minbuza.nl Datum Agentschap NL is een agentschap van het Ministerie van Economische Zaken, Landbouw en Innvoatie. Agentschap NL voert beleid uit voor diverse ministeries als het gaat om duurzaamheid, innovatie en internationaal. Agentschap NL is hèt aanspreekpunt voor bedrijven, kennisinstellingen en overheden. Voor informatie en advies, financiering, netwerken en wet- en regelgeving. De divisie NL EVD Internationaal stimuleert internationaal ondernemen en samenwerken en een positieve beeldvorming van Nederland in het buitenland Agentschap NL Hoewel deze publicatie met de grootst mogelijke zorg is samengesteld kan Agentschap NL geen enkele aansprakelijkheid aanvaarden voor eventuele fouten. Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden verveelvoudigd en/of openbaar gemaakt door middel van druk, fotokopie, microfilm of op welke andere wijze ook zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van de uitgever. Foto s:[ ]. Pagina 2 van 22

3 Inhoud Colofon 2 Executive Summary and Conclusions 4 1 Introduction 6 2 D&A Industry in Turkey - General Market information and Targets 7 3 Structure of D&A Industry and on-going developments Government institutions supporting D&A industries 10 Undersecretariat of Defence Industries (SSM) Aerospace and Space Technologies General Directorate (HUTGM) D&A Manufacturers versus D&A Exporters Turkish Defence and Aerospace Industries Manufacturers Association (SASAD) Defence and Aerospace Industry Exporters Union (SSI) D&A Clusters ANKARA - OSTİM D&A Cluster (OSSA) ESKİŞEHİR Aviation Cluster (ESAC) İZMİR Aerospace Clustering Association (ACA / HUKD) Technology Development Zones (TDZs) with an D&A focus Technocity Defence Industry Platform (TSSP): Teknopark İstanbul (Advanced Technology Industry Park and Airport Project) 13 Summary table: 15 4 Points of Contact 16 In Turkey: 16 In the Netherlands: 16 Bijlage 1 Bijlage 2 Dit is de eerste bijlagetitel 17 Technology Development Zones (TDZs) 18 Pagina 3 van 22

4 Executive Summary and Conclusions Turkey has set ambitious targets to develop its local defence and aerospace industry (D&A) with a focus on innovation and has therefore put in place attractive financial stimulants. The goal is to be among the world s leading countries in this sector before the 100 year celebrations of the Republic of Turkey in The objective is to decrease the dependence on foreign products by supporting the development of the national industry and increasing exports. Ambitious policies are applied and exciting developments are happening especially since the last five years. The intention of this report is to alert the Dutch industry about these ongoing developments in Turkey so that opportunities could be turned to the advantage of the Dutch industry. The D&A market is shaped by the following parties: The Undersecretariat of Defence Industries (SSM) is the government body supporting all initiatives and providing guidance to the D&A sector, with a focus on defence industries. A recently established General Directorate of Aerospace and Space Technologies (HUTGM) under the Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communication sets policies, strategies and objectives to improve national aerospace industry and space technologies. Major D&A manufacturers are members of the branch organisation SASAD whereas D&A exporters are organised under the umbrella of a D&A exporter s union called SSI. Establishing D&A clusters and technology development zones (TDZs) with a D&A focus are the other two important developments taking place. As an economic development model, Turkey supports clustering activities in certain sectors; bringing companies, universities, R&D institutions, public institutions and other relevant organisations together with the objective of developing the competitiveness of a specific sector. Technology Development Zones (TDZs) were introduced in 2011, bringing universities, researchers and industries together to encourage and support the development of new, innovative and advanced technologies. R&D activities of companies operating within TDZs are supported by generous incentives in relation to income and corporate tax, VAT and the salaries of employees. There are three D&A clusters in Turkey, located in the cities of Ankara, Eskişehir and in İzmir. There are currently two TDZs which are given a special D&A focus in Turkey. One of them is the Technocity Defence Industry Platform (TSSP) within Middle East Technical University s Metu Technopark in Ankara and the other one is İstanbul Technopark in İstanbul. Further information about these developments can be found under section 3 of this report. Ankara is the centre of the D&A industry, hosting 60-70% of all D&A companies in Turkey. An estimated budget of 6 billion USD has been allocated to create a new dedicated production zone for D&A industry in Ankara, known as Turkish D&A Specialty Zone. The objective is to enable all D&A cluster companies of Ankara to start manufacturing within this special organised zone. 2 billion USD has been allocated to develop Istanbul Technopark which is a TDZ with a D&A focus. The leading defence company ASELSAN has started a huge investment in a Radar Design and Production Centre in Ankara with an estimated budget of 100 million USD. Turkish first national intelligence satellite Gokturk-2, developed by domestic Pagina 4 van 22

5 sources, will be launched into space from China on 18 December Turkey s plans to have its own national car, civil plane, jetfighter, naval vessels, tanks, satellites, space technology are only some other examples of the ongoing progress in the Turkish market. As far as exports are concerned, Turkey is adopting an active export policy. In addition to the newly established D&A Industry Exporters Union (SSI), Turkey has started three international co-operation centres in Washington DC, Riyadh and Brussels. In Turkey, there is a dedicated effort in Turkey to increase the strengths of the Turkish companies and increase the local content of the Turkish products within defence projects. SSM requires steady increasing of the local content ratio in offset requirements. These developments imply that Turkish market will eventually become more competitive with its own national industry. Dutch companies supplying goods to the Turkish defence industry need to comply with the offset requirements. It is recommended, where possible, to acquire local companies, or establish strategic partnerships with Turkish companies. Those interested in obtaining further information can contact the Economic and Commercial Section of the Royal Netherlands Embassy in Ankara. Pagina 5 van 22

6 1 Introduction The purpose of this note is to alert Dutch defence and aerospace industries (D&A) about the developments taking place in the Turkish D&A industries and upcoming opportunities. Turkey has set ambitious targets to develop its national D&A industry with a focus on innovation. According to the National Strategy Vision 2023, Turkey will be designing and manufacturing its own regional passenger aircraft, jet-fighter, helicopter, satellite, unmanned aerial vehicles and tank etc. before In the defence sector, the local content ratio requirement has already reached 54,04 % in 2011, because of the offset requirements introduced in government procurement policies. This has been increased to 70% from April 2011 onwards and is expected to be increased even further. Priority is given to the development of national industry. Turkish companies are encouraged to develop their own indigenous products, enrich their product portfolio and are expected to increase their international market share. The obvious aim is to decrease the dependence on foreign products and increase the content of the local share in any project. Collaboration among the industry, small and medium sized enterprises, universities and research organisations is being strengthened, while R&D projects are being determined and prioritised. Advanced technology and investments are supported. To benefit from international know-how, co-operation with international companies in terms of joint production, joint marketing, production under licence, participation in joint development programmes, multinational partnerships is also being promoted. The Undersecretariat of Turkish Defence Industries (SSM which was established in 1985 in order to develop a defence industry infrastructure in Turkey, is actively supporting all relevant initiatives in order to reach the 2023 targets. The ambitious studies of the recently established General Directorate of Aerospace and Space Technologies (HUTGM) under the Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communication to develop the national aerospace industry and space technologies remains to be seen. Pagina 6 van 22

7 2 D&A Industry in Turkey - General Market information and Targets Key figures (in million USD) Total Turnover of Defence Industry (Direct + Indirect) 4,380 Total Export of Defence & Aerospace Industry 1,090 Export of Defence Products & Services 816 Export of Aerospace Industry excluding defence sector 273 R&D Expenses from Equity 220 Total R&D Expenses 672 Coverage Ratio of TSK Demands from Domestic Market (YİKO) % 54,04 Total turnover of the defence and aerospace industry has reached 4,3 billion USD in According to the Strategic Plan of SSM, a turnover of 8 billion USD and exports of 2 billion UDSD is targeted for In the beginning of 1990s, Turkey had adopted joint production model, instead of direct procurement in defence/military procurement policies. Since 2003, Turkey has changed this policy and adopted local design/local production policies and local content/offset applications. Accordingly, a foreign company that wishes to sell a product in Turkey has either to subcontract a certain percentage of its production to Turkish producers, or has to make direct procurement of equipment from Turkey. Due to these defence procurement policies and offet requirements applied since 2003, local content ratio, which was around 20-25% in 2003, has increased to 54% in In April 2011, offset policies were revised, obliging foreign companies to increase their local content from 50% to 70%. Government policies target to increase this ratio even higher. Throughout the year of 2011, 719 million USD worth of offset has been realised. The offset obligation reached 10,16 billion USD. These policies will be reflected in the exports, as well. In 2011, exports reached million USD. 816,9 million of this amount is attributed to the defence sector, whereas 273 million comes from the aerospace industry. Pagina 7 van 22

8 According to the Exporters Union of D&A Industries (SSI), the top five exporting countries in the defence sector are USA, Russia, Germany, France and the United Kingdom and the export of these countries corresponds to 76 % of total exports. All other countries, including Turkey, compete for the remaining market share of 24 %. This ranking is not likely to change in the short term. Countries where advanced technology is used, where sustainability is achieved, which have product diversity and possibilities of credit and financing available will most likely maintain their current market shares. Turkey expects to increase its market share in Central Asia, the Far East and Africa. Marine vehicles, land vehicles, communication systems, electro-optic and light weapons are the product groups for exports. Turkey aims to be listed among the top 10 defence and aerospace exporting countries in the world. According to SSI, export from the D&A industry reached 1004 million USD between January and October Biggest export markets for Turkey are USA, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahreyn, Italy, Spain, Iraq, France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Turkmenistan, the Netherlands, Ruanda, Russia and Pakistan. (see Annex-I). To enable the promotion of the Turkish defence industry abroad and to be able to provide the required support for the export of Turkish companies, SSM has established three international co-operation offices, namely in Washington DC, Riyadh and Brussels. A D&A Exporters Union has been established in 2011 to enable sectoral co-ordination and information flows and to represent this sector abroad at the relevant level and platforms. Pagina 8 van 22

9 The new investment incentive package of the government announced on 19 June 2012 includes considerable incentives for the defence, communications and aerospace industry. If a project investment is over 20 million YTL and approved by SSM, or when it is related to the production of a patented product covered under the R&D projects supported by the Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology, the project will be treated as priority sector investment. R&D expenditures of these sectors will be supported by 50 to 100%. The government intends to spend 7-8 billion YTL on R&D incentives in the medium term. SSM is at the moment managing 288 projects. Total signed contract value of the projects as of end-2011 is 41 billion YTL. In 2011, total amount of R&D investments realised is 672 million USD in 2011, of which 221 million USD were financed by the equity of the companies. Pagina 9 van 22

10 3 Structure of D&A Industry and on-going developments Under this section, the major parties shaping the D&A industry in Turkey will be introduced. Information on government institutions developing policies for D&A industries, branch organisations for D&A manufacturers versus D&A exporters, D&A clusters and Technology Development Zones with a D&A focus are explained hereunder. Some strategic investments of Turkey, planned towards 2023, are mentioned at the end of this section. 3.1 Government institutions supporting D&A industries Undersecretariat of Defence Industries (SSM) SSM was established in 1985 to develop a defence industry infrasture in Turkey. SSM is the government body supporting all D&A initiatives, with a focus on defence industries. A specific law (no. 3238) governs all issues related to the defence industry and SSM executes the decisions of the Defence Industry Executive Commitee, which is chaired by the Prime Minister and consists of the Minister of Defence and the Chief of the General Staff. Since 1985, SSM initiated the establishment of many defence related companies, e.g. Aselsan, FNSS, Mikes, Roketsan etc. and continues to co-ordinate the efforts in establishing a sound defence industry, providing guidance to the sector with its policies and incentives Aerospace and Space Technologies General Directorate (HUTGM) Decision to establish a new General Directorate on Aerospace and Space Technologies (HUTGM) under the Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications has been taken in November HUTGM started to actively operate around May HUTGM is responsible for developing policies, strategies and objectives for the aerospace industry and space technologies in Turkey. Studies on manufacturing of a national civil passenger aircraft are currently being coordinated by HUTGM. Launching of the first national intelligence satellite Göktürk- 2 from China will be done on 18 December 2012 (today). 1,1 billion USD of a budget is said to be allocated to space technologies. 3.2 D&A Manufacturers versus D&A Exporters Turkish Defence and Aerospace Industries Manufacturers Association (SASAD) SASAD was established in 1990 by 12 companies with the support of the Ministry of National Defence. In January 2012, civilian aerospace manufacturers were included and the name became "Defence and Aerospace Industries Manufacturers Association". SaSaD, is therefore, the association for producers of defence systems and equipment for domestic and international markets. As of 2012 April, SaSaD has Pagina 10 van 22

11 135 members and associate members in 10 sub-sectors of the defence industry: land platforms, naval platforms, aerospace, informatics, electronics, electrical equipment, weapons, ammunition, rockets and missiles, research, development and engineering, materials, mouldings and parts, uniforms and footwear Defence and Aerospace Industry Exporters Union (SSI) While the major manufacturers are organised in SASAD, the exporters have recently been united under SSI. SSI has been established by 70 exporters in 2011 to enable sector co-ordination and information flow and to represent this sector abroad at relevant levels and platforms. SSI estimates that there are approximately 400 SMEs working in the field of defence: Some SMEs are identified by large-scale producers themselves and they work on an individual basis. Some SMEs focus on exports rather than the domestic market. There are also some SMEs whose activities are conducted by Organised Industrial Zones. SSI s aim is to bring all these companies under its umbrella and conduct export related activities in a more planned and systematic way in co-ordination with other institutions and organizations. Currently, 292 exporting companies are listed under SSI: D&A Clusters As an economic development model, Turkey supports clustering activities in certain sectors; bringing companies, universities, R&D institutions, public institutions and other relevant organisations together with the objective of developing the competitiveness of a specific sector. D&A clusters first started to come into being in 2008 in Ankara, followed by D&A clusters in Eskişehir and in İzmir. Some further information about these three D&A clusters of Turkey are as follows: ANKARA - OSTİM D&A Cluster (OSSA) - ANKARA is the centre of the defence industry % of all defence related companies are located in Ankara. Therefore, in July 2008, OSSA was established as the first cluster of Turkey in this sector, bringing companies that are working as a sub-industry to defence and aerospace industries within the Ankara/OSTİM Organised Industrial Zone. It consists of companies which either provide goods and services, or act as sub-suppliers to key industry companies like ASELSAN, TAI, Boeing, Sikorsky etc. OSSA has 89 member companies. OSSA is supported by SSM, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Development Corporation (KOSGEB), Turkish Technology Development Foundation (TTGV), Ankara Chamber of Industry (ASO), Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Organisation (TÜBİTAK), SASAD, ODEM, OSTİM, Metutech and THK University. Pagina 11 van 22

12 Turkish D&A Specialty Zone: Taking into consideration the growth potential of this cluster, the Defence Industry Executive Committee has decided that 3 million m2 is allocated to develop the Turkish D&A Specialty Zone in the Kazan district, in the vicinity of TAI-TUSAŞ, 47 km from Ankara. This specialty zone is strategically located, close to the recently developed Ankara Logistic Center at Kazan and consists of a customs administration, maintenance and repair facilities, offices and warehouses. SSM is responsible for the development of this D&A Specialty Zone. It aims to bring all companies and suppliers to the defence and aerospace industry together within this zone, which will benefit from special incentives. SSM is developing a special incentive-credit system to contribute to the technological development of the local industries and to encourage their R&D activities in developing quality products. This will be the first and the only D&A Specialty Zone of Turkey. Ankara D&A cluster (OSSA companies) that are planning to expand their capacities are expected to move to this zone. Total estimated cost of the project is 6 billion USD ESKİŞEHİR Aviation Cluster (ESAC) It has been established in March 2011 and has 23 members. Many companies in this cluster are specialised in aircraft engine parts. Eskişehir and Ankara are cities close to each other. ESAC proposes to have a Valley of Aviation Technologies between Ankara and Eskişehir İZMİR Aerospace Clustering Association (ACA / HUKD) HUKD has been established in January 2010 and aims at fostering international cooperation in aviation, space and defence industries with global actors and to facilitate the integration by using the clustering initiative. HUKD has 35 principal members, 12 academic members and 19 nominated academic members. HUKD encourages its members in international co-operation and export. Founding members of HUKD are Aegean Region Chamber of Industry (EBSO), Aegean Foundation for Economic Development, Aegean Free Zone, Eskişehir Chamber of Industry, Gaziemir Municipality, İzmir Atatürk Organised Industrial Zone, Kemalpaşa Organised Industrial Zone, Turkish Aeronautical Association, Izmir Uniersity of Economics and Ege University. HUKD has signed MOU s with German Aerospace clusters such as Hanse, Bavaria and Aviabelt. Also, a MoU with PRI/NADCAP has been signed that has certified technical training programmes in the aerospace industry. 3.4 Technology Development Zones (TDZs) with an D&A focus Technology Development Zones (TDZs) were introduced in Turkey in They are designed to support R&D activities and attract investment in high technology fields. TDZs bring universities, researchers and industries together and the development of new, innovative and advanced technologies is being supported. R&D activities of companies operating within TDZs are supported by generous incentives in relation to income and corporate tax, VAT and the salaries of Pagina 12 van 22

13 employees. As of November 2012, there are 47 TDZs in Turkey. These are also called technoparcs or technocities. Currently, two of the TDZs in Turkey have a special D&A focus, as follows: Technocity Defence Industry Platform (TSSP): (web-site not active yet) TSSP has been established within Middle East Technical University s METU Technocity in May It has currently 70 member companies. TSSP made its first announcement about its existence in December TSSP aims at developing technologies with R&D studies in co-operation with universities and local defence companies. Participation to the following activities is currently planned: IDEX2013 Abu Dabi Fair in February 2013 Industrial Co-operation Days in Defence And Aerospace, March 2013 Ankara IDEF 2013, April - May 2013, İstanbul Visit to India in 2013 together with SSM Lima 2013 International Maritime & Aerospace Exhibition in March 2013 Visit to Azerbaijan together with SSM Defence & Security, Thailand in November 2013 Visit to North Africa and Saudi Arabia in Visit to DrDc in Canada, Aerospace Valley in France, The Kongsberg Cluster in Norway these are high technology, clustering zones Teknopark İstanbul (Advanced Technology Industry Park and Airport Project): The idea of establishing Teknopark İstanbul was the result of the Defence Industry Executive Committee (SSİK) decision of 8 October On the 20th April 1988, the Council of Ministers decided to allocate 13million m2 of land to ITEP (Advanced Technology Support Programme). Of this area, 250 hectare (2,5 million m2) of land has been assigned to Teknopark Istanbul. Teknopark İstanbul has been established on 4 May 2010 by the following parties: Undersecretariat for Defence Industries (SSM), Istanbul Chamber of Commerce (ITO), Istanbul Commerce University (ITICU). HEAŞ (Airport Management Aeronautical Industries Inc.) STM Defence Technologies Engineering and Trade Co. In order for Turkey to become one of the leading countries in technology, the focus of İstanbul Technopark will be: Pagina 13 van 22

14 Aerospace and Aviation Defence Technologies Marine Technologies Advanced Electronics Industrial Automation Advanced Materials Life Sciences Teknopark Istanbul is a science and technology park that is being developed to contribute to Turkey's technological development capacity. It will house Industrial Support, R&D Centres, Science and Technology, and Educational/Teaching centres. Teknopark İstanbul is one of the mega projects of Turkey. 2 billion USD worth of investment will be made within the next 15 years. When completed, it will be one of the largest science parks in Europe with 2,5 million square metres of land and square metres of a closed area, situated next to Sabiha Gokcen International Airport on the Asian side of İstanbul. Eventually 1000 companies and more than R&D experts are expected to operate within this zone. First stage of the project consisting of square metres will open in With the Council of Ministers Decision of 3 October 2009, this zone was given the status of Technology Development Zone (TDZ). Accordingly, revenues derived from software development and R&D activities are exempt from income and corporate taxes until December 31, Sales of military software produced exclusively in TDZs are exempted from VAT until December 31, Salaries of R&D personel employed in the zone are exempted from all taxes until December 31, % of the support personnel is also covered by this exemption. Enterprises may make the investment, required for the production of the technological product obtained as a result of the R&D projects conducted in the TDZ, if deemed suitable by the Management Company and allowed by the Ministry. Some other strategic investments and exciting projects of Turkey towards the year of 2023: Production of a national passenger regional aircraft for commercial purposes before 2023: Feasibility studies are continuing. Co-ordination of studies are carried out by HUTGM. Radar design and production centre in Gölbası: It is a mega-project of ASELSAN. Construction is continuing. Machinery and equipment purchases will start in 2013 and the facility will be taken into operation in Estimated cost of the project is 100 million USD. Satellite Assembly and Integration test centre: it is being established under TAI- TUSAS facilities. Opening will be in TAI in co-operation with TUBITAK has manufactured Turkey s first intelligence satellite Gokturk-2 for observatory and imagery purposes. Gokturk-2 will be launched into space from China on 18 December 2012 (today). It will be used for military and civilian purposes. TAI will continue its studies to further develop and improve satellite systems. Pagina 14 van 22

15 To be able to realise above mentioned objectives, Turkey launched a programme for reverse brain drainage in 2011, trying to recruit Turkish people with knowhow and experience on defence and aerospace industries from US, Germany, the United Kingdom, Canada and France back to Turkey and setting up a network of Turkish scientists working abroad. Summary table: Name: Basis: Number of members: SASAD Major manufacturers 135 members 1985 Year of Establishment: SSI Exporters 292 exporters 2011 OSSA Ankara Cluster 89 members 2008 ESAC Eskişehir cluster 23 members 2011 HUKD (ACA) Izmir cluster 39 members 2010 TSSP Teknokent Defense Industry Platform 70 companies May 2010 Teknopark İstanbul Kazan Defence & Aerospace Specialty Zone Technology Development Zone Under construction First stage will open in 2013 Under development Pagina 15 van 22

16 4 Points of Contact Those interested in obtaining further information; e.g. about projects and member companies of D&A clusters and branch organisations, are invited to contact the economic and commercial department of the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Ankara. Companies that are interested in obtaining further information about the instruments for supporting Dutch industry in doing business in foreign markets are advised to approach NL Agency in the Netherlands. In Turkey: Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands Economic and Commercial Department Muge Yazgan Van Herk Turan Gunes Bulvari, Hollanda Caddesi No.5, 06550, Yildiz Ankara, Turkey T F ank-ea@minbuza.nl In the Netherlands: NL EVD Internationaal Jeannette de Lannoy, marktadviseur Turkije Tel: turkije@info.agentschapnl.nl Pagina 16 van 22

17 Bijlage 1 Dit is de eerste bijlagetitel Export of Defence and Aerospace Sector top 15 counties January October period Country 2011 (Million USD) 2012 (Million USD) Change(%) 1 USA Saudi Arabia UAE Bahreyn Italy Spain Iraq France England Germany Turkmenistan The Netherlands Ruanda Russian Federation Pakistan Others TOTAL Source: SSI Defence and Aerospace Industry Exporters Association S 2012 share (%) Pagina 17 van 22

18 Bijlage 2 Technology Development Zones (TDZs) Nr Region University Province Initial Year 1 ODTÜ Teknokent Ortadoğu Teknik ANKARA TÜBİTAK Marmara Araştırma Merkezi Teknoparkı TUBİTAK-TTGV KOCAELİ Ankara 4 İzmir 5 GOSB Teknopark 6 Hacettepe 7 İTÜ Arı Teknokent 8 Eskişehir 9 Selçuk 10 Kocaeli 11 Batı Akdeniz Teknokenti 12 Erciyes 13 Trabzon 14 Çukurova 15 Mersin Bilkent İzmir Yüksek Tek.Ens. Sabancı Hacettepe İstanbul Teknik Anadolu Selçuk Kocaeli Batı Akdeniz Erciyes Karadeniz Teknik Üniv. Çukurova Mersin ANKARA 2002 İZMİR 2002 KOCAELİ 2002 ANKARA 2003 İSTANBUL 2003 ESKİŞEHİR 2003 KONYA 2003 KOCAELİ 2003 ANTALYA 2004 KAYSERİ 2004 TRABZON 2004 ADANA 2004 MERSİN 2005 Pagina 18 van 22

19 16 Göller Bölgesi 17 Ulutek 18 Gaziantep 19 Gazi Teknopark 20 Trakya Edirne 21 Fırat 22 Erzurum Ata Teknokent 23 Pamukkale 24 Yıldız Teknik 25 Ankara 26 İstanbul 27 Sakarya 28 Boğaziçi 29 Cumhuriyet 30 Dicle Süleyman Demirel Üniv. Uludağ Gaziantep ISPARTA 2005 BURSA 2005 GAZİANTEP 2006 Gazi ANKARA 2007 Trakya EDİRNE 2008 Fırat ELAZIĞ 2007 Atatürk Pamukkale Yıldız Teknik Ankara İstanbul Sakarya Boğaziçi Cumhuriyet ERZURUM 2005 DENİZLİ 2007 İSTANBUL 2003 ANKARA 2006 İSTANBUL 2003 SAKARYA 2008 İSTANBUL 2009 SİVAS 2007 Dicle DİYARBAKIR 2007 Pagina 19 van 22

20 31 Bolu 32 Düzce Teknopark 33 Malatya 34 Kahramanmaraş İzzet Baysal Düzce İnönü Sütçü İmam. BOLU 2009 DÜZCE 2010 MALATYA 2009 K.MARAŞ 2011 TDZs which are under construction and not yet active Nr Region University Province Initial Year 1 Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa TOKAT 2008 Üniv. 2 ASO Teknopark TOBB ANKARA Kütahya Dumlupınar KÜTAHYA 2009 Dumlupınar Tasarım 4 Samsun On Dokuz Mayıs SAMSUN İstanbul İstanbul Ticaret İSTANBUL Harran 7 Çanakkale 8 Muallimköy 9 Namık kemal 10 Yüzüncü Yıl 11 Çorum 12 Celal Bayar Harran 18 Mart Gebze Yüksek Enst. Namık Kemal Yüzüncü Yıl URFA 2010 ÇANAKKALE 2011 KOCAELİ 2011 TEKİRDAĞ 2011 VAN 2012 Hitit ÇORUM 2012 Celal Bayar MANİSA 2012 Pagina 20 van 22

21 13 İzmir Bilim ve Parkı İzmir Ekonomi İZMİR 2012 REF: ANK-EA/Müge Yazgan Van Herk /December 2012 Pagina 21 van 22

22 Dit is een publicatie van: Agentschap NL NL EVD Internationaal Postbus CL Den Haag