The NES Smart Metering System. The World s Most Advanced Metering System Solution for the Smart Grid

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1 The NES Smart Metering System The World s Most Advanced Metering System Solution for the Smart Grid

2 Making the Grid Smarter At Echelon, we believe the smart grid is an energy network. It includes not only the electricity distribution infrastructure itself, but everything that draws power from or contributes power to the grid such as appliances in homes, HVAC equipment in buildings, and streetlights in cities. Our smart metering solution the NES System is a critical part of the smart grid. A flexible, networked infrastructure, it can easily adapt to changing market and regulatory needs. It can allow new edge devices beyond the meter, new software-enabled services, and new payment and pricing models for consumers. Only a system solution to metering can do this. Only the NES System can do this.

3 The NES System: Making the Grid Smarter The NES System The Networked Energy Services (NES) System is the world s leading solution for a utility s smart metering and AMI needs. As a grid solution, it s designed to meet today s smart metering needs and support tomorrow s service demands. Built on the success of the world s first and largest AMI project (30 million homes), the NES System has changed the global landscape for smart metering. With the NES System, smart metering and AMI systems are no longer focusing on the meter, but on an energy network for a smarter grid. Proven Adoption The NES System s underlying power line signaling and communications technology drives the world s largest AMI system (over 30 million electricity meters), reducing the utility s operating costs by 500 million euros a year. Over 1.5 million more NES meters have shipped throughout the world an order of magnitude more than any meshed RF metering solution. Benefits of the NES System Maximizes grid intelligence while minimizing operating costs by embedding communications and monitoring directly into the electricity grid. Creates an open environment for competitive services to adapt, modify, and extend their energy and metering services, using marketleading software, hardware, and service providers. Eliminates risk by freeing a utility to focus on its primary network asset the electricity grid by leveraging established, IP-based backhaul communications providers regardless of technology. Delivers certainty that the system will perform to customers and stakeholders expectations through a history of reliability, performance, and cost savings provided to tens of millions of homes. More Than a Meter The NES System is a software-driven smart grid solution that incorporates smart meters, sophisticated grid connectors or concentrators, and system software. Together, these components meet the needs of the smart metering and AMI markets from the perspective of the grid, not just the meter. Unlike a meshed RF solution that uses an add-on communications card bolted to a meter, the NES System resides in the electricity wires, converting a utility s existing metering system into a smart energy network. This allows the system to provide grid intelligence about the quality of the electricity, the efficiency of its delivery, and even the health of other assets on the wire.

4 Components of the NES System The three components of the NES System smart meters, concentrators, and system software are designed to leverage each other to increase the overall power of the system, balance the intelligence of the system at the points where value is highest, and provide the highest level of reliability and performance with the lowest cost of ownership. Smart Meters NES smart meters meet the future market and regulatory needs of a utility by incorporating a rich set of features including prepay, multitariff abilities, remote updates, remote connect and reconnect, tamper and outage detection, hardware extensibility, direct relay control, software-settable service levels, and load factor monitoring. Meters can be updated with new pricing, quality of service, energy management, and monitoring and control services even after they ve been fully deployed. Data Concentrators These intelligent infrastructure devices let a utility leverage its NES System solution beyond AMI or smart metering. The concentrators provide a power line mesh to ensure 100% meter communications, isolate and pinpoint outage and other service issues, and minimize wide-area communications costs. They communicate with System Software located at a utility s service center over any IP-based backhaul. System Software NES System Software makes integrating with new and existing enterprise applications via IT standards fast and easy. This Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) software has been proven in numerous utility deployments. System Management The NES Element Manager is the Web-based network manager for the NES System. A real-time visual dashboard, it speeds system installation and provides summary and detailed views of system health and status to streamline operations and maintenance. The easy-to-use interface lets system administrators configure and manage a single meter or millions of meters, making it ideal for both pilot installations and fullscale system deployments. The Element Manager integrates seamlessly with existing NES systems and is transparent to other applications. It manages the full lifecycle of NES meters and data concentrators through the following features: Installation Maintenance Meter-to-data assignment Configuration Performance monitoring System-level diagnostics

5 Making the Grid Smarter The existing electricity grid offers key, long-term advantages over add-on meshed RF communications for smart metering, AMI, and smart grid solutions. This white paper summarizes the advantages utilities gain by building their smart grid solutions using the existing, reliable electricity grid. A comparison to meshed RF solutions shows why embedded solutions in the grid offer greater cost savings, fewer risks, and higher performance than other available solutions. Leveraging a key asset already owned and managed by a utility delivers proven reliability and performance, increases grid intelligence, and provides a foundation for open smart grid solutions.

6 Manage the Network You Know Utilities already own and manage a vast network: the electricity grid that delivers power to their customers. Through decades of investment and operations, they ve become experts at managing their electricity distribution network. As a result, they have extremely reliable networks that reach 100 percent of their customers. Echelon s NES System uses the power lines that run between the utility s low-voltage distribution transformer and the customer s meter. Unlike the old, slow power line systems designed for rural AMR applications or the expensive broadband power line systems designed for data networking, the NES System is optimized for AMI and smart grid applications. The NES meters and concentrators power line network topology maps exactly to a utility s electricity supply assets. The system creates a reliable, high-speed neighborhood network among all the meters on a given low-voltage transformer to share a single IP WAN connection. The WAN (backhaul to the central office) may be of any type, as long as it s IP-based. Typically, the NES System is deployed by leveraging a community s existing IP network or using a cellular carrier, such as T-Mobile North America, to provide a backhaul for the data. This complementary architecture of neighborhood networks communicating over utility-owned electricity wires and an RF-based backhaul lets the domain experts manage their respective system elements: the utility manages its grid and the telco manages its wireless network. As a result, the entire system is less costly to deploy, operate, and maintain. Utilities can deploy smart grid systems incrementally without having to build out any new networking infrastructure. Neighborhood meter network. This network, from the transformer in the neighborhood to the meters in homes, is owned and managed by the utility. Maintaining and operating the network is already a primary focus of the utility, as well as one of its core competencies. The resources and expertise used to maintain the electricity grid itself are all that are needed to maintain the NES meters and smart grid system. In fact, the utility can use the performance data collected by the NES System to help improve grid reliability and reduce the costs of maintaining the low-voltage network. IP-based WAN. By using an established technology for the WAN and sharing an existing communications infrastructure, the utility gets more security, more reliability, and better coverage than it would by using a WAN it created itself. For example, a cellular network provider such as T-Mobile operates and maintains a high-bandwidth communications network designed for tens of millions of end points. By using an established WAN provider, the utility can also offload network maintenance, management, and development costs to the provider. Conversely, utilities that employ proprietary meshed RF networks to reach their meters are faced with a new system with additional costs and risks. It s a potentially quirky management and maintenance endeavor that creates significant unknowns: No evidence of long-term scalability. No field proof that it can meet utility reliability standards. Unknown performance and maintenance costs over decades of use, especially with regard to changing environmental conditions such as inclement weather, tree growth, home remodeling, and neighborhood construction. The NES advanced metering infrastructure consists of a family of highly integrated, advanced electronic electricity meters accessed via a Web services based network operating system over an IP networking infrastructure. 2

7 Established Performance, Reliability, and Scalability Many utilities have experience with power line carrier-based metering systems. These systems fall into one of two technology camps, neither of which is well suited to today s smart grid. The early-technology power line systems (lumped together as PLC) are limited-function solutions that communicate over long distances, through transformers, all the way from an electricity meter to a substation. In order to accomplish this, the connection speed is extremely slow so slow, in fact, that anything resembling AMI services is impossible. Broadband over power line (BPL) systems are almost the exact opposite: They are hugely expensive with unlimited (at least as far as metering applications are concerned) bandwidth at every meter. However, along with the high bandwidth come high operating expenses, very high initial capital and installation costs, and lower reliability. Most, if not all, BPL-based metering systems are no longer moving forward for these and other reasons. Given their experience with PLC, some utilities feel they have no choice but to use meshed RF solutions for their smart metering pilot projects. They ve made this decision despite the technology s unproven reliability and scalability. And they ve made this decision despite the extra cost and complexity that operating and maintaining a proprietary communications network would entail an expense on top of operating their own electricity network. However, a lot has changed in power line technology. Distribution Line Carrier/Power Line Networks The latest generation of PL technology is vastly superior to early-technology PLC so much so that it would be more accurate to refer to it as distribution line carrier (DLC). And power line (PL) technology still holds a dramatic edge over RF solutions because it embeds communications and intelligence directly into the electricity grid. The key advances in these types of PL-based systems are the following: Power lines are used for communications only from the low-voltage power distribution transformer to the meter. This effectively creates a meshed neighborhood meter network for every transformer. Bandwidth is measured in kilobits literally many thousands of times greater per meter than early-technology PLC. Because the technology resides at the neighborhood meter network and offers high bandwidth, it provides utilities with all the bandwidth necessary for AMI and smart grid applications for the future. The power line communication technology itself has already proven to be reliable, economical, and scalable in tens of millions meters, smart appliances, and smart homes. The backhaul network uses the domain expertise of existing IP-based carrier networks. Using the power grid eliminates the need for an additional proprietary wireless communications network with additional long-term maintenance and management needs. Radio Frequency Networks Early-generation RF solutions for utilities were not networks, but point-to-point transmissions between a single meter and a single handheld receiver or drive-by vehicle. Later generations featured more sophisticated paging technology that allowed utilities to poll meter reads from customers homes. These early generations were neither scalable nor reliable; the reliability of a meter read was only about 80 percent on a day-to-day basis. Today s latest-generation RF networks are called meshed RF. Since these solutions are just being deployed none have been in wide-scale operation for an extended period of time they are unproven under real-world conditions. It s unknown, for example, how long-term environmental changes such as tree growth, new construction, or dramatic increases in consumer RF devices (such as Wi-Fi-enabled smart phones) will affect meshed RF performance, capital expenditures, or operating costs. There is no proof yet that meshed RF networks can maintain their test-bench performance estimates under real-world conditions over the long haul. And there is no proof that RF networks can be easily restored and reconnected after a power outage. Conversely, there is evidence from other RF systems that constant expense is required to maintain reliable performance. Cellular providers are constantly adding infrastructure to maintain performance in the face of changing environmental conditions. In our personal lives, many of us have experienced RF systems that degrade over time as more and more devices around us clutter the airwaves. The Reliability and Scalability of the NES System and Its Technology The NES System, with its DLC neighborhood meter network, is the most proven, reliable, and scalable of any smart grid solution available today: Over 30 million electricity meters using the underlying Echelon power line communications technology are in operation today. Over 1.5 million more NES meters are operating in homes throughout the world and in harsh communications environments, successfully operating for multiple years. Because it uses the low-voltage network for communications, the NES System detects individual meter outages as well as problems with the electricity grid itself. The Swedish utility E.ON has seen a 50-percent drop in meterrelated customer service calls since deploying its NES-based AMI solution. The Swedish utility Vattenfall has been able to read 99.7 percent of its 600,000 NES meters every day and 100 percent of its meters within 48 hours. The Vattenfall deployment has been operating for over two years. (Generally, the communications problem is not in the power line network but in the public RF network.) 3

8 Embedded Grid Intelligence The NES System embeds its underlying power line technology into a utility s core asset: the electricity distribution infrastructure. This gives solutions built on the NES System a level of grid intelligence that cannot be matched by any wireless solution. For example, because meshed RF solutions are physically separate from electricity lines a network unto itself they can t receive any information about electricity lines or power quality. Their data is limited to only what the meter can provide. Grid intelligence provided by the NES System includes: Line management intelligence. Utilities can better monitor outages, reduce service restoration time, and verify that service has been restored. Power quality. Though it s not yet widely regulated, power quality is an important aspect of the smart grid. The NES System measures and detects events related to voltage surges and sags, over-current conditions, phase changes, long and short outages, and total harmonic distortion. The system can profile these and other parameters such as voltage, current, and power factor at configurable intervals. These are all key indicators of the health of the distribution network. Power line communication statistics. This diagnostic data can alert utilities to potential faults or fatigue in distribution lines. Transformer status. Since the NES network is attached to each transformer, it can provide unique information about the transformer, as well as aggregate information into circuit models that identify substation-, capacitor-, and transformerrelated issues that would otherwise require explicit monitoring (through costly additional hardware and networks). In some cases, this information alone almost pays for the system within a few years. Create an Open Solution Utilities must be able to make smart grid decisions today that don t hamper their flexibility tomorrow. Future services like residential demand response, incentive pricing, prepay service, alternative energy buy-back plans, and intelligent electric vehicle charging are very real possibilities. To ensure the maximum level of flexibility to utilities, Echelon s NES System is based on open international networking standards: ISO/IEC for the communications protocol. IP for the WAN backhaul. SOAP/XML (Web services) for the system software API. The signaling technology underlying the NES System is widely deployed in numerous applications worldwide, including smart metering/ami, home area networks (HANs), and smart appliances. The NES System itself is open at the meter, the WAN, and at the system software. This lets utilities modify and evolve their smart metering networks to keep pace with new market opportunities and changing regulatory requirements. Created as a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), NES System Software is designed for rapid integration with new and existing enterprise software applications using IT standards. The NES Web service interface helps ensure competitive software services by multiple suppliers. NES smart meters have multiple interfaces for extending services within a residence through a combination of hardware and software: ZigBee or 6LoWpan radio for RF-based touch panels, wireless smart thermostats, or in-home displays, as well as RF-based HANs. Open serial interface for home networks or services. M-Bus for water and gas meter management (Europe). In addition, the NES System tracks more than 100 meter, concentrator, and software data points to support the features that are most in demand by utilities around the world. So, even if a utility s initial plans don t include all of the advanced features such as prepay, load profiling, power-quality measurement, residential demand response, remote disconnection and reconnect, and net metering, they can be added to a utility s smart metering system at a later date without changing the meter hardware. And when new features are developed, they can be downloaded as new software into the system from the central office, as has already happened a number of times in the life of NES systems. To use an analogy from the world of telephony, NES provides carrier-grade reliability and an expandable dial tone to every customer; over time, the utility can download new features and functions as they are needed and discovered. 4

9 Conclusion The NES System s underlying technology helps make the smart grid smarter. Smart metering/ami solutions built on the NES System are the only truly feature-rich, proven, and future-proof smart grid solutions on the market today. Because the NES System is based on open, international networking standards, an ecosystem of hardware and software suppliers has been developed to support and provide additional products and services to support the needs of every utility now, and in the future. The NES System s wide adoption and deployment proves the reliability and effectiveness of DLC technology in smart grid and smart metering applications. It also establishes a performance threshold that meshed RF solutions have yet to attain. While some utilities may have fallen into meshed RF solutions, these solutions are nonetheless extremely risky, presenting a number of uncontrollable variables related to deployment and operational costs, technology, and business opportunities. The NES System eliminates these risks. Reach Signal Propagation Interference Distribution Line Carrier over PL vs. Meshed RF Solutions NES System Meshed RF Network DLC PL Communications Each meter acts as a repeater and the signal path is managed automatically by a data concentrator. Not affected by concrete, masonry, or other obstructions. Echelon s proven power line communication is very robust in the presence of most interfering sources. Each meter acts as a repeater, but the path cannot always be predicted. This leads to greater unpredictability in delays and reduced bandwidth due to time spent recomputing the mesh. Reducing the number of hops reduces reach and further increases cost. Works better in wide open spaces and in line of sight. RF must contend with tree growth, new construction, and presence of hills and valleys. Interfering sources (such as Wi-Fi, phones, and HAN) could necessitate RF mesh reconfigurations that take time to propagate through the mesh, thereby reducing effective data rate. Per-node Cost Less expensive (less than $5). Could be two or three times as much with software. Installation Cost Network Ownership Cost of Repeaters Largest Proven Installation Maintenance Performance Very low. Utilities already have the installation expertise. No new training or personnel required. Utilities already have a primary task of maintaining and optimizing the electricity grid. No new skills, training, or personnel required. Every meter can be a PL repeater. Automatically handles repeating. 30 million in Italy (DLC) 600,000 in Sweden (the NES System) Automatic topology management in data concentrator automatically handles changes in line conditions. Proven collection of daily reads from millions of meters. Higher. Requires new training, skill, and knowledge. Unknown performance and reliability compounds the already high risk of maintaining a new network with new tools and personnel. A few dedicated repeaters must be installed, powered, and maintained. 260,000 (Gothenburg, Sweden) May have to deal with tree growth and new construction. Network may need periodic power measurements and relocation of repeaters. Mesh network connections, including repeater paths, must be re-established after power outages. Disturbances can cause mesh reconfigurations and reduce the effective data rate. Scalability has yet to be proven Echelon. Echelon and the Echelon logo are trademarks of Echelon Corporation registered in the United States and other countries. Other trademarks belong to their respective holders.

10 Proven Reliability Built to Grow Residential demand response, incentive pricing, prepay service, alternative energy buy-back plans, and consumer-to-consumer energy commerce will all be future options for utilities. But utilities that have already deployed meshed RF grid solutions won t be able to add these options, since RF relies on proprietary communications technology. The NES System imposes no such limits. To ensure maximum flexibility for future upgrades and expansion, the system is based on four open, international networking standards: ISO/IEC for power line signaling, ISO/IEC for the communications protocol, IP for the WAN backhaul, and SOAP/XML (Web services) for the system software API. IP-based WANs easily integrate with the NES System regardless of type, from WiMAX to GPRS modem to BPL. Extensions to the NES System beyond the meter use emerging RF standards like ZigBee or established power line communications standards like Echelon s LONWORKS platform. The NES System ensures that a utility can provide HAN and, through the utility enterprise, use existing and emerging hardware and software standards such as ZigBee. The SOA system software can be used by any IT services company for fast enterprise application development. Swedish utility E.ON has seen a 50% drop in meterrelated customer service calls since deploying its NES-based AMI solution. Vattenfall AB, which deployed its NES solution over two years ago, is able to read 99.7% of its 600,000 NES meters every day and 100% of them within 48 hours. Deployments show that a lack of communication with an NES meter is usually caused by a failure elsewhere in the transmission and distribution grid rather than by any part of the NES System. The NES System is a software-driven smart grid solution that incorporates smart meters, data concentrators, and system software.

11 Features of the NES System Remote meter reading and on-demand reading Remote firmware updates to meters Load profiling Remote updates and configuration parameters by home, area, or service territory Power quality measurement and proof-ofservice reporting Flexible, configurable tariffs such as time-of-use pricing, critical peak pricing, real-time pricing, and prepayment Scaling to millions of meters Extensible to read water and gas meters Direct load/ripple control RF extension into homes over ZigBee, M-Bus, and Modbus Transmission and distribution equipment fault detection Real-time theft and outage detection Remote disconnect and verified reconnect Net or reverse metering for alternative energy generation or microgeneration Grid management with remotely managed peak load limiting and detection About Echelon Echelon Corporation is leading the worldwide transformation of the electricity grid into a smart, communicating energy network one that connects utilities to their customers, and creates energy-aware homes and businesses that react to conditions on the grid. Proven Energy Network The NES System delivers gas and water meter data via the NES smart meter s M-Bus connection. The NES System is already displacing dedicated ripple control infrastructures (direct load control). RF home services are already deployed over a wireless Modbus interface to NES smart meters. New service and billing models like prepay energy, time-of-use billing, and tiered tariff structures are in use and can be upgraded remotely. Echelon Corporation USA Phone: ECHELON ( ) Fax: Echelon Asia Pacific Hong Kong Phone: Fax: [email protected] Echelon Europe The Netherlands Phone: Fax: [email protected] 2009 Echelon. Echelon, LONWORKS, and the Echelon logo are registered trademarks of Echelon Corporation registered in the United States and other countries.

12 ANSI 2S METER A new standard for smart energy meters Designed for residential and small commercial energy consumers, the ANSI 2S Meter sets a new standard for revenue-grade smart energy meters. Safe, accurate, and reliable, these MET Labs-certified meters incorporate a full suite of operating features with an integrated, software-controlled disconnect switch, a comprehensive information display, and Echelon s robust, bidirectional power line signaling technology. Each meter, which is automatically managed by an NES Data Concentrator or an ANSI IP Meter, can also act as a repeater to reach other meters. This lets it create a power line-based meshed network of meters that exactly matches the real topology of a utility s residential distribution network. FEATURES Integrated Disconnect/ Reconnect Switch Integrated 200A switch can be locally or remotely controlled. Supports customer move-in/move-out management, load limiting, and pre-paid metering. Load-side voltage sensing and load monitoring capabilities are included for safe operation of the switch. Load Profile Up to 16 channels of remotely configurable load profile data can be captured at programmable intervals ranging from 5 minutes to once a day. Load profile storage capacity is a function of the number of channels and the log interval. For example, single-channel, 1-hour data can be retained for 180 days. Advanced Power Line Communication Every NES smart meter includes Echelon s proven, standards-based, power line communications technology the world s most widely deployed signaling technology. Every meter includes an automatic repeating function. Communicates with an NES data concentrator. Time-of-use Metering Remotely configurable time-of-use metering leading to peak load reduction supports 4 tariff tiers with up to 10 tier switches per day. Rich calendar functionality with day schedules for each season, adjustable time zones, and support for daylight savings time. Support for changing the calendar through a pending time-of-use calendar. Demand Metering Optional demand metering allows billing based on maximum demand. Includes support for block or rolling demand calculations, configurable demand intervals, and logging 2 coincident parameters. Supports local or remote demand reset. Prepay Metering Energy credit-based prepay functionality including varying deductions per time-ofuse scheduling, configurable emergency credit, and audible low credit alarm. Power Quality Analysis Long and short outage detection with configurable time threshold. Voltage sag and swell detection with configurable voltage and duration thresholds. THD event detection with measurement up to 10th harmonic to reveal unusual conditions. Tamper Detection Cover tamper is detected, logged, and communicated. Cover tamper operates even during a power failure. Measurement technology is highly resistant to tamper attempts with DC magnetic fields. However, magnetic tamper can be optionally detected. When used together, alarms, measurements, and tamper events can detect most fraud and tamper attempts. Home Area Network Internal slot to accommodate an optional ZigBee radio card inside the meter for communication with in-home devices. Micro-generation Support Measures forward, reverse, and net active energy. Measures kvarh import and export. Measures 4-quadrant kvarh when demand metering is included.

13 Other Standard Features Event log with circular buffer to store 100 events. Large-character, auto-scrolling, 8-digit LCD display. Programmable display list with adjustable scroll rate. ANSI C12.18-compliant optical port for use with NES Provisioning Tool. Test mode to verify accuracy without affecting energy registers. Optional replaceable external battery with internal carryover. SPECIFICATIONS Certifications ANSI C (code for electricity metering); ANSI C (protocol specification for ANSI Type 2 optical port); ANSI C (utility end device data tables); ANSI C (accuracy classes); ANSI C (physical aspects of watt-hour meters - safety standard). Accuracy ANSI C Class 0.5 Temperature, Specified Operating Range -40 to +85 C; display fully operational from -25 to +60 C Temperature, Limit Range for Storage and Transport -40 to +85 C Humidity <=95% RH; non-condensing. Timing Real-time clock accurate to +/- 0.5 seconds per day. Nominal Voltage Form 2S, 240 VAC, range is -20% to +15%. Frequency 60 Hz +/- 5% Service Types Form 2S: 1-phase, 3-wire. Current CL200, TA 30A Load Disconnect Switch 200A ; 5,000 operations at full load, PF = 1.0. Remote disconnect and enable, local re-connect via push button; remote reconnect; safe operation with load-side voltage sensing and load-sensing. Power Consumption Voltage circuit: < 2W, < 5VA Current circuit at TA: <1VA Starting Current 20 ma Units Measured kw forward, reverse; kwh forward, reverse, forward + reverse, forward - reverse; kvar import, export; kvarh import, export; RMS voltage; RMS current; power factor; frequency; rolling and block demand for energy sources (optional); kvarh per quadrant (with demand metering option). Power Quality Analysis Sag; swell; number of over-current occurrences; number of short power outages; number of long power outages; duration and time of the last 10 long power outages; maximum and minimum frequency; phase loss; total harmonic distortion. Time of Use 4 tariffs with 10 possible tier switches per day; 4 seasons per perpetual calendar (set by day/month); perpetual holiday calendar for up to 15 holidays per year; perpetual daylight savings changeover; 2 separate holiday day schedules per season; 1 weekday, 1 Saturday, and 1 Sunday day schedule per season. Data Logging Intervals User-selected at 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 minutes, or 1 day. Verification Output 2 pulse-output LEDs representing active and reactive energy. Optical Port ANSI C Display 8-digit liquid crystal display, 0.4 height; simulated wheel electronic load indicator. Data Communications A-band power line communication based on ISO and ANSI CEA 709 with encryption and authentication. Dimensions ANSI 2S mm inches A B C D E F A B Note that these dimensions reflect the length, width and height of the meter while the meter cover is in place. F D E C

14 Data Security Password protection for optical communication; authenticated, password-protected transactions and encryption for power line communication. Data Storage Non-volatile memory. Enclosure Form 2S meter, ANSI C Life Expectancy 20-year design. Safety Rating UL (2001) Specifications subject to change without notice. OPTIONS Demand metering including perquadrant reactive energy measurement; magnetic tamper; surge tabs; 3.6V fieldserviceable battery; control relay; KYZ outputs; Multipurpose Expansion Port (powered or unpowered); 2 pulse inputs. Note: All options other than demand metering (which can be activated in the field) must be ordered and included when the meter is manufactured. Certain option combinations may not be available. DOCUMENTATION ANSI 2S Meter User s Guide A ORDERING INFORMATION PRODUCT ANSI 2S Meter MODEL NUMBER IXXX 2010 Echelon, and the Echelon logo are trademarks of Echelon Corporation registered in the United States and other countries. Other trademarks belong to their respective holders. Content subject to change without notice. P/N B

15 FEATURES Enclosure Robust; vandal and weather resistant. Translucent face cover lets installers easily see internal modem LEDs for WAN verification and diagnostics. 4 utility-sealable cover screws. Easily wall-mountable with three screw holes. Internal modem bay accepts and powers standard wired and wireless modems (DC-1000/SL), and includes a weather-tight gland for fitting an antenna or antenna cable (for an external modem antenna). Installation Design lets utility choose the lowestcost installation point on the lowvoltage network, or where WAN signal strength is best. Remotely upgradable firmware enables true zero-maintenance installation. It can be installed at any point in the low-voltage power line network topology, including at the distribution transformer, co-located behind an IEC meter, or beside an ANSI meter. (The Data Concentrator is embedded inside the ANSI IP Meter; thus, a separate device is not needed for this NES DATA CONCENTRATOR Neighborhood Area Smart Grid Manager meter.) Several connection options are available (see Features section.) WAN Communication Communicates with the NES System Software using any IP-capable network, whether wired or wireless, public or private, or WAN or LAN, including analog telephone service. EIA-232 serial version uses standard IP Point-to-Point Protocol to connect with the modem. Intelligently compresses data to reduce WAN bandwidth use. Supports end-to-end data encryption to secure metering data and ensure customer privacy. Multilayered authentication thwarts potential cyber attacks. Neighborhood Network Management Automatically discovers meters and other devices at installation, and as the result of dynamic network topology changes. Collects and reports meter data, including consumption, load profiles, and power quality measurements. Downloads tariff tables and configuration data to devices. The NES Data Concentrator manages smart meters and other smart grid devices on a neighborhood area low-voltage power line network. It provides the connectivity infrastructure between these devices and the NES System Software at the utility s service center. The Data Concentrator automatically: Discovers smart grid devices. Creates and optimizes the low-voltage power line mesh to ensure reliable communications. Securely configures devices to communicate on the encrypted ANSI- and EN-standard LONWORKS power line network. Coordinates the bidirectional delivery of device data, including metering data. Monitors the health and operation of the devices. Broadcast capability enables timecritical services such as demand response and load-shedding. Maintains accurate date and time in all devices. Monitors and reports theft and tampering, including phase inversion for single phase meters. Sums total daily energy consumption by supervised meters for use in line-tap detection. Detects and reports trouble conditions such as line breaks and device failures. Independently initiates connections to the NES System Software to report urgent events (configurable). Options EIA-232 serial port option with internal modem bay to connect to wired or wireless modems for networks such as GPRS, CDMA, EV-DO, or PSTN. Ethernet option to connect to any IP-based network on infrastructure such as fiber optic, cable, DSL, private RF mesh, GPRS, EV-DO, LTE, WiMAX, and metro Wi-Fi.

16 Specifications Maximum NES Devices Managed 1,024 NES electricity meters and 4,096 associated M-Bus devices (Models K and K), or 5 NES electricity meters and 20 associated M-Bus devices (Model V and V). Input Voltage 120/240VAC, -10% to +20%, 50/60Hz Phase Coupling Connections for 3 phases (L1Ø, L2Ø, L3Ø) and Neutral. Power Consumption 5W to 10W typical. Clock Real-time clock accurate to ±1 minute per month; corrected by NES System Software. LAN Interface CENELEC A-band power line communication channel. WAN Interface Standard Hayes-compatible modem or null modem interfacing to an IP-capable network (Model 78704). 10BASE- T/100BASE-TX Ethernet with 2 meter Ethernet cable (Model 78705). EIA-232C Serial Port Operates at standard baud rates up to kbps (DC-1000/SL). Optical Port IEC (physical and electrical requirements). Data Security CHAP, MS-CHAP, PAP and 128-bit application-level authentication for WAN; 96-bit authentication on power line network; 128-bit RC4 encryption for WAN and power line communication; strong passwords protect optical communication, with additional brute force attack protection. Data Storage Non-volatile memory. EMC EN :2001, EN55022:1998, EN55024:1998, EN , EN , EN , EN , EN , EN , EN , EN , EN , EN Temperature, Specified Operating Range -40 to +70 C. Humidity 50 C (non-condensing). Enclosure Type Plastic; tested to IP56. Enclosure Dimensions 22.2cm L x 16.9cm W x 7.9cm H. Modem Dimensions 11cm x 7cm x 3cm (maximum, DC- 1000/SL). Modem Power Supply 14VDC, 3W (maximum, DC-1000/SL). Antenna Connection Supports an external antenna through the upper enclosure gland (DC-1000/SL). Mounting DIN 43857; 3 screw hole mounts for ANSI markets; mounting points for an NES IEC poly phase or single phase meter are included on the face. Safety Ratings Certified by TÜV, SEMKO, and KEMA- KEUR per EN Certified by TÜV per UL and CSA CE Mark. Compliant with European Directive 2002/95/EC on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances (RoHS) in electrical and electronic equipment. Life Expectancy 20-year design. DOCUMENTATION DC-1000/SL and DC-1000/SLE Data Concentrator User s Guide A ORDERING INFORMATION DC-1000/SL Data Concentrator V (manages up to 5 devices) DC-1000/SL Data Concentrator K (manages up to 1,024 devices) DC-1000/SLE Data Concentrator V (manages up to 5 devices) DC-1000/SLE Data Concentrator K (manages up to 1,024 devices) Model includes a pre-assembled and attached power cable, and terminal covers extensions suitable for use if an NES IEC Poly Phase or Single Phase meter is installed on the face of this product. The model numbers do not include the modem, serial and power cables for the modem, or an antenna. Model includes a preassembled and attached power cable and a captive 2 meter Ethernet cable. Factory provisioned versions as well as customizations of the hardware and software are available. Contact your Echelon sales representative for details Echelon. Echelon and the Echelon logo are trademarks of Echelon Corporation registered in the United States and other countries. Other trademarks belong to their respective holders. P/N

17 IEC SINGLE PHASE METER A new standard for smart energy meters Designed for residential and small commercial energy consumers, the IEC Single Phase Meter sets a new standard for revenue-grade smart energy meters. Safe, accurate, and reliable, the meter incorporates a full suite of operating features with an integrated, software-controlled disconnect switch, a comprehensive information display, and Echelon s robust, bidirectional power line signaling technology. Each meter, which is automatically managed by an NES Data Concentrator, can also act as a repeater to reach other meters. This lets it create a power line-based meshed network of meters that exactly matches the real topology of a utility s low-voltage distribution network. FEATURES Integrated Disconnect/ Reconnect Switch Integrated 100A switch can be locally or remotely controlled. Supports customer move-in/move-out management, load limiting, and pre-paid metering. Load Profile Up to 16 channels of remotely configurable load profile data can be captured at programmable intervals ranging from 5 minutes to once a day. Load profile storage capacity is a function of the number of channels and the log interval. For example, single-channel, 1-hour data can be retained for 180 days. Advanced Power Line Communication Every NES smart meter includes Echelon s proven, standards-based, power line communications technology the world s most widely deployed signaling technology. Every meter includes an automatic repeating function. Communicates with an NES Data Concentrator. Power Quality Analysis Long and short outage detection with configurable time threshold. Voltage sag and swell detection with configurable voltage and duration thresholds. THD event detection with analysis up to 10th harmonic to reveal unusual conditions. Time-of-use Metering Remotely configurable time-of-use metering leading to peak load reduction supports 4 tariff tiers with up to 10 tier switches per day. Rich calendar functionality with day schedules for each season, adjustable time zones, and support for daylight savings time. Support for changing the calendar through a pending time-of-use calendar. Demand Metering Optional demand metering allows billing based on maximum demand. Includes support for block or rolling demand calculations, configurable demand intervals, and logging 2 coincident parameters. Supports local or remote demand reset. Prepay Metering Energy credit-based prepay functionality including varying deductions per time-of-use scheduling, configurable emergency credit, and audible low credit alarm. Tamper Detection Cover tamper is detected, logged, and communicated. Cover tamper operates even during a power failure. Measurement technology is highly resistant to tamper attempts with DC magnetic fields. However, magnetic tamper can be optionally detected. When used together, alarms, measurements, and tamper events can detect most fraud and tamper attempts. Multipurpose Expansion Port (MEP) Optional MEP lets partners attach secure hardware extensions to the meter for communication with devices like in-home displays, or gas and water meters. Powered MEP option can provide up to 1 Watt of power to external devices. Lets utilities expand meter capabilities when needed. Micro-generation Support Measures forward, reverse, and net active energy. Measures kvarh import and export. Measures 4-quadrant kvarh when demand metering is included.

18 Other Standard Features MID Class B active power, Class 2 reactive power. -40 C to +70 C operating temperature range. Event log with circular buffer to store 100 events. Large-character, auto-scrolling, eight-digit LCD display. Two pulse output LEDs to represent active and reactive energy. Optical port for use with NES Provisioning Tool. SPECIFICATIONS Certifications Certified to: IEC [2003]; IEC [2003]; IEC [2003]; IEC [2004]; IEC [2004]; IEC [2001]; EN [2001]; EN [2006]. Complies with: DIN 43857; DIN 43864; ANSI C12.18 [2006] (communications protocol); ANSI C12.19 [1997] (data structure); IEC (class A for S0 pulse output); IEC [2002] (physical and electrical requirements only); DIN EN [2002]; DIN EN [2002]. Accuracy For 5A basic current and up to 100A maximum current. Active: Class 1 certified to IEC , Class B certified to EN (MID). Reactive: Class 2 certified to IEC Temperature, Specified Operating Range -40 to +70 C (3K7), display fully operational from -25 to +60 C Temperature, Limited Operating Range -40 to +70 C (3K7) Temperature, Limit Range for Storage and Transport -40 to +70 C (3K7) Humidity <=95% RH, non-condensing. Timing Real-time clock accurate per IEC / to +/- 0.5 seconds per day. Nominal Voltage 220V to 240V phase-to-neutral, range is -20% to +15%. Frequency 50 Hz +/- 5% Service Types 1-phase 2-wire. Connection Type Direct connection of line and load conductors. Current Basic 5A; maximum 100A (amperage depends on local regulatory requirements). Load Disconnect Switch With remote disconnect and enable. Mechanical life at maximum power,pf =1 Maximum switching current Maximum overload current Maximum switching voltage Short circuit < 3mS Maximum switching power Insulation strength contact to contact coil to contact Impulse voltage contact to contact coil to contact 5,000 cycles 100 A 120A 150A (30 min.) 277 V AC 3,000 A 27kVA 4 kv at 50Hz, 1 minute 2 kv 4 kv 1.2 / 50µS to IEC > 4 kv > 12 kv Power Consumption Voltage circuit: < 2W; apparent power < 5VA; Current circuit at Imax: < < 80A Starting Current 20 ma Units Measured kw forward, reverse; kwh forward, reverse, forward + reverse, forward - reverse; kvar import, export; kvarh import, export; RMS voltage; RMS current; power factor; frequency; rolling and block demand for energy sources and per quadrant kvarh (optional). Power Quality Analysis Sag; swell; number of over-current occurrences; number of short power outages; number of long power outages; duration and time of the last 10 long power outages; maximum and minimum frequency; phase loss; total harmonic distortion. Time of Use 4 tariffs with 10 possible tier switches per day; 4 seasons per perpetual calendar (set by day/month); perpetual holiday calendar for up to 15 holidays per year; perpetual daylight savings changeover; 2 separate holiday day schedules per season; 1 weekday, 1 Saturday, and 1 Sunday day schedule per season. Data Logging Intervals User-selected at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60 minutes, or 1 day. Optical Port IEC [2002] (physical and electrical requirements); ANSI C12.18 [2006] (communications protocol). Verification Output 2 pulse-output LEDs representing kwh and kvarh; signaling at 1,000 impulses per kwh or kvarh. Control Relay (optional) Single-pole voltage-free latching relay; maximum load rating is 250V, 5A; fully isolated. Pulse Output, SO (optional) 1 reference and 1 signal terminal per IEC / DIN Pulse Count and Tamper (optional) 2 pulse input channels. Counting and recording pulses from devices with voltage-free pulse transmitters; 25-millisecond minimum pulse width; pulse input circuits are not designed to power intelligent external devices; operates with most passive and opto-coupler/transistor interfaces. M-Bus (optional) Up to 4 devices; isolated; short-circuit protection; encryption supported; DIN EN and DIN EN compliant. Power Wiring Terminals Line, load, 2 neutral; maximum wire size: 35mm sq. (used cables may not fit) terminal inside diameter: 9mm.

19 Data Security Password protection for optical communication; authenticated, password-protected transactions and encryption for power line communication. Data Storage Non-volatile memory. Enclosure Outdoor (IP54), insulating encased meter of protective class 2. Mounting DIN Safety Ratings IEC [2001]; CE marked. Options Control relay; magnetic tamper; pulse inputs; S0 output; M-Bus; powered or un-powered MEP; demand metering. (Contact factory for valid option combinations.) Specifications subject to change without notice. Dimensions B A IEC SP mm inches A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S ORDERING INFORMATION E D Product IEC Single Phase Meter C Model Number IXXX F G I J K L M H Q N O P R S 2010 Echelon, and the Echelon logo are trademarks of Echelon Corporation registered in the United States and other countries. Other trademarks belong to their respective holders. Content subject to change without notice. P/N B

20 With the advent of the smart grid many utilities will select the technology first and then the meter Smart Meters for Smart Grids, ABI Research, 2010 Overview The energy awareness and efficiency capabilities and services of the smart grid are dependent on the cost-effective, reliable and accurate exchange of information and execution of control transactions between utilities and their customers. For many utilities, the challenge ahead lies in the testing and understanding of how new Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) technologies can scale to millions of meters while supporting advanced services and applications required for an effective smart grid. The confidence in selecting the right smart grid solutions is now less about evaluating a smart meter and more about understanding how data will be collected and processed reliably, accurately and securely across the smart grid while scaling to meet the demands of consumers, utilities and regulatory goals.

21 Purpose Echelon s Networked Energy Services System (NES) is the world s leading AMI solution. The technology and network architecture that are the foundation of the NES System are the foundation of the world s first, and largest, AMI deployment reaching 30 million households. The open, standards-based NES System is capable of collecting volumes of valuable energy meter data without the cost and complexity of other alternatives in the market. To prove this, Echelon commissioned the Tolly Group a leading provider of third party validation of IT products and services to test the performance, reliability, accuracy, redundancy and scalability of the NES solution using a real-world smart grid use case scenario. Doing so better reflects what utilities require to successfully deploy and operate the smart grid and what they will likely need in the future as the smart grid and associated services mature. Key Findings The tests substantiate that the Echelon NES System, when burdened with multiple register reads and demand data per meter consistent with a high demand smart grid use case scenario, can scale to a minimum of 5 million meters equivalent to a single register read from a population of 80 million meters, every night, with 100% accuracy. Specific results show that the NES System can: Scale to collect comprehensive daily billing data consisting of two time-of-use tiers of daily scheduled reads along with four demand sources and two coincident sources along with four channels of 15 minute profile data related to grid health and status such as voltage, current, and other power quality and network health data from five million meters. This is a scalability result equivalent to amount of data from 80 million residential AMI hourly interval meters in a typical AMI application; Collect 24 GB of comprehensive metering data in less than six hours, ensuring that detailed data available at the start of each utility work day; Cost-effectively collect data through the use of inexpensive, commercially available hardware and software that utilities have readily at their disposal; and Leverage modern data center design techniques to provide redundancy and scalability by distributed services across a number of physical and/or virtual servers in one or more co-located or geographically distributed data centers. Smart Grid versus Smart Meter Digital meters capable of providing accurate register reads each night are not equivalent to a smart grid solution. The Tolly Group s testing of the NES System simulates data collection for services that could include time-of-use pricing, net metering, load profiling, or pre-pay applied equally across a 5 million meter population, an extreme, high demand use case. The NES System s ability to easily achieve such high data throughput demonstrates an ability to meet utilities AMI needs from smart metering to smart grid applications. Conclusion The data collected in this test exceeds the current data demands of many utilities and anticipates many of their future needs. Testing to these demands proves Echelon s commitment to stay ahead of the curve and to provide utilities with a financially and technologically secure smart grid solution Echelon. Echelon and the Echelon logo are registered trademarks of Echelon Corporation registered in the United States and other countries.

22 TEST REPORT # February 2010 Commissioned by Echelon Corporation Echelon Networked Energy Services (NES) System Scalability Evaluation EXECUTIVE SUMMARY THE BOTTOM LINE Utilities deploying Smart Grid and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) projects require reliable, timely collection of energy meter data to meet their business goals and regulatory requirements. When the amount of metering data collected daily jumps orders of magnitude beyond a simple automated meter reading (AMR) system multiplied by the millions of meters, a sophisticated system design to handle such large scale daily collection and processing within limited time windows is paramount. NES System Software, Echelon s enterprise software solution that meets this challenge, was evaluated by Tolly engineers in two different simulated environments: American (typified by low average meter to transformer ratios), and European (with higher and widely varying ratios). In both cases the system included five million meters and a simulated wide area network (WAN) between the meters and the utility operations center. Tolly engineers confirmed that Echelon s NES System Software can collect comprehensive smart grid data consisting of two tiers of daily scheduled reads along with four demand sources and two coincident sources, and four 15 minute load profile channels from five million simulated meters across a simulated WAN and deliver that data for processing by a utility s Meter Data Management System (MDMS) in under six hours. This performance, according to Echelon, easily meets the utility goals and regulatory requirements known for the most demanding utilities and regulatory agencies. 1 The 2 T 3 NES system can collect and deliver to an MDMS over 24GB of comprehensive metering data from five million meters in less than six hours h i s p e r f o r m a n c e w a s validated for both European and American deployment scenarios, and surpasses the data volume and delivery time requirements of utilities The test was run on readily! available, enterprise!class hardware and software using only published Web service APIs and is fully documented in this report 2009 TOLLY ENTERPRISES, LLC PAGE 1 OF 7

23 Echelon NES Scalability # Background Goals The scalability testing project focused on building a lab!based environment that could simulate accurately the collection and processing of meter data, proving scalability of the NES system to at least a five million meter deployment. Architectural Overview Echelon produces numerous smart electricity meters for the ANSI and IEC markets. These smart meters have start!of!the!art computing and storage capabilities, and furthermore can communicate over industry!standards interfaces to gas, water or heat meters, load control devices and other in! premise smart grid devices. Echelon s meters collect and store metering data, alerts and alarms and forward them over the low voltage (LV) network to another component in the NES system, the Data Concentrator. The Data Concentrator manages NES communication on the LV network, and can be incorporated into one meter per transformer (as in the case of the ANSI IP Meter) or can be installed at the transformer or anywhere on the LV network as appropriate (as in the case of the DC!1000/SL Data Concentrator). In either case the Data Concentrator connects to the utility s service center using any IP!based WAN infrastructure whether public, private, wired or wireless. At the utility s service center another component of the NES system NES System Software is installed. The System Software solution manages the operation of the NES system, c o n n e c t s t o t h e W A N t o communicate with the Data Concentrators, and processes and forwards metering data to the utility s MDMS. (See Figure 2.) System Software is designed for redundancy and scalability, and its services can be distributed amongst a number of physical and virtual servers in the service center. In the test setup, standard, off!the! shelf NES System Software 4 was used and its functions were distributed among a number of servers, as described later in this report. The final component of the test setup was a PC!based MDMS simulator that pulled the metering data out of the NES system as occurs daily at an actual utility. Comprehensive Meter Data In order to prove scalability beyond that normally required by utilities, the simulated data collected from each meter consisted of: 2 tiers of daily scheduled reads with demand (4 sources with 2 coincident sources) for a total 1,509 bytes per meter per day, and four load profile channels each at a 15 minute interval for a total of 3,716 bytes per meter per day. The grand total of data per meter per day of 5,225 bytes does not include any protocol or IP overhead, though the Data Concentrator does compress the data before transmission to the data center. For a test population of five million meters, more than 24GB of actual meter data per day was transferred through the NES system to the MDMS simulator. Comprehensive Meter Data According to Echelon, meters stream load profile data to Data Concentrators throughout the day so that at midnight only the daily billing reads and the last block of load profile data need to be collected. Typically System Software is configured to contact Data Concentrators shortly after midnight and at a time when it is likely that the Data Concentrator has all of the daily data prepared. In an actual deployment, the System Software solution is usually configured to first contact Data Concentrators with the fewest m e t e r s a s s i g n e d t o t h e m, communicating through the Data Concentrator population leaving the Data Concentrators with the largest meter counts to the end." The goal being to contact each 2010 TOLLY ENTERPRISES, LLC PAGE 2 OF 7

24 Echelon NES Scalability # Data Concentrator only once to collect all of the meter data. Even if all of the data is not available for transfer on that first communication, the Data Concentrator forwards the data that it has and continues to pursue collection of the rest of the data, to be ready for the next connection from System Software. Utilities often want to collect this data from midnight and be finished by six in the morning, to take a d v a n t a g e o f f a v o r a b l e communications rates in the middle of the night, as well as to leave the NES system free for customer service operations such as service connection and disconnection, on!demand reads associated with service transfer, and investigation of power quality issues. In certain jurisdictions, the utility is required under regulation to provide metering data to a third party by a certain time, such as eight in the morning. Echelon, Inc. Networked Energy System System Scalability Tested October 2009 NES System Software 4 Scalability: Register Read/Load Profile Collection & Processing as reported by Echelon and validated by Tolly Scenario Data Collection Run Time (hh:mm) Data Processing Run Time (hh:mm) Meters (Total) Data Concentrators (Total) Meter!to!Data Concentrator Distribution Data Concentrator Collection Time (average per Data Concentrator in seconds) Meter Collections Completed per Second American 5:24 5:30 5,000,000 1,000,000 5: European 2:48 5:48 5,000, ,722 Varied distribution ranged from 1 to 855 with an average value of 174: Note: Though the data collection test was run on a Gigabit Ethernet LAN, the Data Concentrator Simulator simulated WAN latency by inserting random delays between 250 and 750 ms into each communication. Delivery of processed data to the MDMS simulator began as soon as the first Data Concentrators were read and overlapped the data collection process. Source: Tolly, October 2009 Figure TOLLY ENTERPRISES, LLC PAGE 3 OF 7

25 Echelon NES Scalability # A PC!based Data Concentrator simulator was used for the up to one million Data Concentrators needed for this evaluation. The simulated Data Concentrators were a s s u m e d t o h a v e a l r e a d y completed communication with their assigned meters and have that data ready to be delivered upstream for processing, a valid assumption based upon years of successful deployments. The NES system is designed to be a temporary data storage system, with data passed to the utility s MDMS and then deleted from the NES system. Utilities can leave delivered data in the NES system for one day or for months; the decision is guided by the amount of disk space available to the System Software solution and the data redundancy needs of the utility. In the test for the American test scenario, each of the one million simulated Data Concentrators was configured to deliver simulated data for five meters. In the European test scenario, based on an actual deployment, each of the 178,722 simulated Data Concentrators reported data from a varying number of meters each: 103,816 of the Data Concentrators had between 1 and 10 meters assigned, for a total of 569,733 meters. 50,598 of the Data Concentrators had between 11 and 50 meters assigned, for a total of 1,155,158 meters. 14,430 of the Data Concentrators had between 51 and 100 meters assigned, for a total of 1,018,562 meters. 6,221 of the Data Concentrators had between 101 and 200 meters assigned, for a total of 877,713 meters. 3,657 of the Data Concentrators had between 201 and 855 meters assigned, for a total of 1,378,834 meters. Test Setup & Methodology Data Center Infrastructure The data center processing environment was built entirely using commercial, off!the!shelf hardware and software. (See Figure 3.) The Storage Area Network (SAN) consisted of one Dell PowerVault MD3000i SAN Array connected with two PowerVault MD1000 disk enclosures. These three PowerVault enclosures contained a total of GB 10K RPM Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) drives and provided 18TB of raw storage. There were four iscsi connections to the network, and the drives were arranged into four RAID 10 arrays as follows: 20 disks for the NES Core database 8 disks for the NES Core log 6 disks for the NES Distribution database 6 disks for the NES Distribution log Five drives were available as spares. Server hardware consisted of six Dell PowerEdge 2950 servers equipped with dual quad!core 3GHz Xeon processors, each with 32 GB RAM (64GB for the SQL database server), three 300GB 15K RPM SAS drives configured as RAID 0, and 10 Gigabit Ethernet ports (two built!in with two additional quad port expansion cards). A Barracuda Load Balancer 240 was placed in front of the System Software Core servers (described later). The SAN, Barracuda load balancer and the other five servers were connected using CAT6 Ethernet cabling to two fiber!connected, stacked HP ProCurve 2810!48G switches. The System Software Core server and Barracuda load balancer ran at 100Mbps; all other connections ran at 1000Mbps. All 10 Ethernet ports on each of the other five servers were connected to the switch TOLLY ENTERPRISES, LLC PAGE 4 OF 7

26 Echelon NES Scalability # Logical Test Bed Topology!"!#$ #%&'()$ #*+,-.($ #*/01*2$ 567$ "-'-$ 3*24(2'.-'*.&$!('(.&$ 81/9'%$#(.:94($3(2'(.$ ;9(/<$"(:94(&$ Source: Tolly, October 2009 Figure 2 Database The SQL Database Server ran Microsoft SQL Server 2008 (64!bit) on Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Enterprise (64!bit). The other five servers ran Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Datacenter (64!bit). VMware Server 2 was used on the System Software Core server to host three virtual machines (VMs) each running Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Datacenter (64!bit) and the NES System Software 4 Core. Each of the virtual machines was configured to use two processors and 3GB RAM. Physical Test Bed Topology +56#)-$+&78"*)$+&/.E&'$ <!<+$ +,-./"#&*$ +>?$!"#"@"6)$+)*3)*$ =$+56#)-$+&78"*)$ %&*)$;<6$ 4$+56#)-$+&78"*)$ 9':,')$;<6$!"#"$ %&'()'#*"#&*$ 01"2#)*$ +)*3)*$!"#"$ %&'()'#*"#&*$ +,-./"#&*$ +0B$?&"1$A"/"'()*$ C,:"@,#$9#D)*')#$ Source: Tolly, October 2009 Figure TOLLY ENTERPRISES, LLC PAGE 5 OF 7

27 Echelon NES Scalability # System Software Engine VMware Server 2 was used on the System Software Engine server to host eight VMs each running Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Datacenter (64!bit) and various NES System Software 4 Engine services." One VM was configured to run the following System Software engines:" Always On IP Adapter Engine (with 75 threads of execution), Archive Engine, Event Engine, Global Task Manager, Local Task Manager, Schedule Controller Engine, Schedule Processor Engine, and the Task Timeout Engine." Three additional VMs were configured to run the Always On IP Adapter Engine (with 75 threads of execution), Archive Engine, Event Engine, Local Task Manager, Schedule Processor Engine, and the Task Timeout Engine." The r e m a i n i n g f o u r V M s w e r e configured to run the Archive Engine, Event Engine, Local Task Manager, Schedule Processor Engine, and the Task Timeout Engine." Each of the virtual machines was configured to use one processor and 3GB RAM. The Data Concentrator Adapter Server ran the NES System Software 4 Data Concentrator Adapter and was configured to support up to 300 simultaneous c o n n e c t i o n s w i t h D a t a Concentrators. The final two servers hosted the Data Concentrator Simulator and the MDMS Simulator. The Data Concentrator Simulator is a custom application that emulated physical Data Concentrators and meters, allowing engineers to create specific scenarios varying the distribution of meters per Data Concentrator as described above. To emulate the delays encountered in real!world WANs, the Data Concentrator Simulator application added a random latency of between 250 and 750 ms to every communication. The MDMS Simulator used the efficient batch processing APIs available in System Software 4, and was configured to pull meter data from the solution on each of the 60 threads of execution. Scalability and Fault Tolerance The System Software solution is built for scalability and fault tolerance." In an actual utility data center deployment a utility can increase the redundancy without any performance penalties by, for instance, having multiple physical Data Concentrator Adapter servers behind another load balancer, and hosting the System Software Core and Engine VMs on at least two physical servers each. For both tests, Echelon engineers first configured the System Software s o l u t i o n w i t h t h e D a t a Concentrator communication schedule. This operation was not taken into account when reporting the data, as it was a one!time configuration step, and was repeated solely for the purpose of this testing. Once the scheduling was complete, e n g i n e e r s s t a r t e d t h e communication portion of the tests, monitored progress through an API developed for its specific purpose, and all results obtained were done so using this API, SQL queries, and the Windows PerfMon utility. Validation Environment To verify the communication and results processing operation from end to end, Tolly engineers set up a small scale test environment consisting of five virtual meters and one Data Concentrator, altering the values of random variables on the meters. The System Software solution was then instructed to communicate with the Data Concentrator, upload the meter data, and deliver the results to the MDMS Simulator. Following the communication and processing, engineers queried the values stored in the MDMS Simulator and verified the new, changed values were present TOLLY ENTERPRISES, LLC PAGE 6 OF 7

28 Echelon NES Scalability # About Tolly The Tolly Group companies have been delivering world!class IT services for 20 years. Tolly is a leading global provider of third!party validation services for vendors of IT products, components and services. You can reach the company via E!mail at [email protected], or via telephone at Visit Tolly on the Internet at: About Echelon Echelon Corporation (NASDAQ: ELON) is leading the worldwide transformation of the electricity grid into a smart, communicating energy network, connecting utilities to their customers, enabling networking of everyday devices, and providing customers with energy aware homes and businesses that react to conditions on the grid. Echelon and the Echelon logo are trademark of Echelon Corporation registered in the United States and other countries. Source: Echelon Terms of Usage This document is provided, free!of!charge, to help you understand whether a given product, technology or service merits additional investigation for your particular needs. Any decision to purchase a product must be based on your own assessment of suitability based on your needs. The document should never be used as a substitute for advice from a qualified IT or business professional. This evaluation was focused on illustrating specific features and/or performance of the product(s) and was conducted under controlled, laboratory conditions. Certain tests may have been tailored to reflect performance under ideal conditions; performance may vary under real!world conditions. Users should run tests based on their own real!world scenarios to validate performance for their own networks. Reasonable efforts were made to ensure the accuracy of the data contained herein but errors and/or oversights can occur. The test/audit documented herein may also rely on various test tools the accuracy of which is beyond our control. Furthermore, the document relies on certain representations by the sponsor that are beyond our control to verify. Among these is that the software/hardware tested is production or production track and is, or will be, available in equivalent or better form to commercial customers. Accordingly, this document is provided "as is", and Tolly Enterprises, LLC (Tolly) gives no warranty, representation or undertaking, whether express or implied, and accepts no legal responsibility, whether direct or indirect, for the accuracy, completeness, usefulness or suitability of any information contained herein. By reviewing this document, you agree that your use of any information contained herein is at your own risk, and you accept all risks and responsibility for losses, damages, costs and other consequences resulting directly or indirectly from any information or material available on it. Tolly is not responsible for, and you agree to hold Tolly and its related affiliates harmless from any loss, harm, injury or damage resulting from or arising out of your use of or reliance on any of the information provided herein. Tolly makes no claim as to whether any product or company described herein is suitable for investment. You should obtain your own independent professional advice, whether legal, accounting or otherwise, before proceeding with any investment or project related to any information, products or companies described herein. When foreign translations exist, the English document is considered authoritative. To assure accuracy, only use documents downloaded directly from Tolly.com." No part of any document may be reproduced, in whole or in part, without the specific written permission of Tolly. All trademarks used in the document are owned by their respective owners. You agree not to use any trademark in or as the whole or part of your own trademarks in connection with any activities, products or services which are not ours, or in a manner which may be confusing, misleading or deceptive or in a manner that disparages us or our information, projects or developments fd1!kt!jt!08feb10!verh 2010 TOLLY ENTERPRISES, LLC PAGE 7 OF 7