February 04, Solar Budget NOTES.notebook. Balancing. Heats. too little. Too much. photosynthesis. weather. light bulb. light bulb.

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1 Earth s Solar Energy Budget Sun Primary source of Earth s energy our planet Needed for Drives our and Primary Sun source of Earth s energy Heats our planet photosynthesis Needed for wind weather Drives our and Balancing Solar Energy Budget of Sun s energy: Too much too little _ or would result in undesirable temperatures for maintaining life as we know it. waves Uses of energy to transfer energy light bulb Examples: microwave Only method that can move through All energy arrives to Earth in this form waves Uses of energy to transfer energy Examples: Only method that can move through solar light bulb microwave empty space All energy arrives to Earth in this form 1

2 1. ALL objects radiate energy 2. Hotter objects radiate more energy 3. Hotter objects radiate shorter wavelengths Soak heat in faster = Give off heat faster too Specific Heat: Amount of energy required to increase 1 g of something 1 ⁰ C. Specific Heat: Amount of energy required to increase 1 g of something 1 ⁰ C. 2

3 lower The the specific heat of a substance, the better absorber/emitter lower The the specific heat of a substance, the better absorber/emitter ESRT (Page 1) ESRT (Page 1) Conduction direct Transfer of energy through molecule Through matter from to The more molecules the better the conductor density contact molecule Substances with a higher _ have a greater number of molecules in a given area Convection Transfer of energy by actually matter from one place to another. Hair Dryer moving Examples: Convection Cells 3

4 1. Incoming Solar ( ) wavelengths INSOLATION Mix of coming from the Sun Majority are wavelengths heat short light energy NOT, just 6,000 0 C Surface temperature of Sun is ~ 93 Sun is ~ million miles from Earth (we don't feel the heat...but the energy) Jan 28 8:52 AM Add to notes: BEST absorber of INSOLATION... Dark Colors and Rough materials POOR absorber of INSOLATION... Light Colors and Smooth materials 2. Albedo (al bead o) reflectivity Percentage of directly Reflection: light waves bounced back into space. ALL Scattering: light waves reflected in directions clouds Example: Water droplets in _ scatter all wavelengths equally; white therefore, they appear Jan 28 8:55 AM 3. Absorption gases Different absorb different wavelengths poor Nitrogen = absorber Oxygen = good absorber of wavelengths infrared longer IR like radiation ( ) 4

5 Solar Budget NOTES.notebook 4. Reradiated Energy 3. Absorption shorter wavelengths Ozone = good absorber of UV radiation like Longer wavelengths (IR) that return to atmosphere due to heating of Earth s surface Best absorber of IR Carbon Dioxide (CO2) = visible light not absorbed; NOTE: therefore, this form of short wavelengths supplies the energy for our planet. Distribution of INSOLATION albedo from Earth s 30 percent lost due to surface and scattering from the atmosphere 19 percent absorbed by clouds and the atmosphere 51 percent actually absorbed by Earth s heating surface for _ Add this simple "greenhouse" drawing in your notes: Balanced Budget (units of Solar Energy) (emitted) Dec 31 10:08 AM (absorbed) 5