SECTION SHORT CIRCUIT/COORDINATION STUDY/ARC FLASH HAZARD ANALYSIS
|
|
- Solomon Blake
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SECTION SHORT CIRCUIT/COORDINATION STUDY/ARC FLASH HAZARD ANALYSIS PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section. B. American National Standards Institute 1. ANSI C : American National Standard for Transformers kv and Below 833/ / kva, Single-Phase, and 750/ /80 000/ kva, Three-Phase w/o Load Tap Changing; and 3750/ / kva with Load Tap Changing - Safety Requirements 2. ANSI C : American National Standard for Transformers - Pad-Mounted, Compartmental-Type, Self-Cooled, Three-Phase Distribution Transformers with High- Voltage Bushings, 2500 kva & Smaller: High-Voltage, GrdY/ V & Below; Low Voltage, 480 V & Below - Requirements 3. ANSI C : American National Standard for Secondary Network Transformers - Subway and Vault Types (Liquid Immersed) - Requirements C. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 1. IEEE 141: Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial Plants (the Red Book) 2. IEEE 241: Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Commercial Buildings (the Gray Book) (ANSI) 3. IEEE 242: Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (the Buff Book) 4. IEEE 399: Recommended Practice for Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Analysis (the Brown Book) (ANSI) 5. IEEE 620: Guide for the Presentation of Thermal Limit Curves for Squirrel Cage Induction Machines 6. IEEE 1015: Recommended Practice for Applying Low-Voltage Circuit Breakers Used in Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (the Blue Book) 7. IEEE C37.010: Application Guide for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis (ANSI) 8. IEEE C : IEEE Standard for Metal-Enclosed Low-Voltage Power Circuit Breaker Switchgear (ANSI) 9. IEEE C37.46: American National Standard Specifications for Power Fuses and Fuse Disconnecting (ANSI) 10. IEEE C : General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers (ANSI) 11. IEEE C57.96: Guide for Loading Dry-Type Distribution and Power Transformers (ANSI) SHORT CIRCUIT/COORDINATION STUDY/ARC FLASH HAZARD ANALYSIS
2 12. IEEE 1584 Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations D. Insulated Cable Engineers Association, Inc. 1. ICEA P : Short-Circuit Characteristics of Insulated Cable 2. ICEA P : Short-Circuit Performance of Metallic Shielding & Sheaths E. National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1. NEMA MG 1: Motors and Generators F. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1. NFPA 70 National Electrical Code, latest edition 2. NFPA 70E Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace 1.2 SUMMARY A. This Section includes computer-based, fault-current and Short Circuit/Coordination Study/Arc- Flash Hazard Analysis & Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis. Protective devices shall be set based on results of the protective device coordination study. B. The contractor shall furnish an Arc Flash Hazard Analysis Study per the requirements set forth in NFPA 70E Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace. The arc flash hazard analysis shall be performed according to the IEEE std equations that are presented in NFPA 70E-2009, Annex D. C. The scope of the studies shall include all new distribution equipment supplied by the equipment Manufacturer under this contract as well as all directly affected existing distribution equipment at the customer facility. 1.3 ACTION SUBMITTALS A. Product Data: For computer software program to be used for studies. B. Other Action Submittals: The following submittals shall be made after the approval process for system protective devices has been completed. Submittals shall be in both digital and hard copy form. 1. Arc-Flash and Coordination-study input data, including completed computer program input data sheets. 2. Study and Equipment Evaluation Reports. 3. Study Report. 4. Tabulation of overcurrent protective device settings. 5. Arc-Flash labels for distribution equipment. 6. Incident energy & flash protection boundary calculations. 7. One-Line diagram. SHORT CIRCUIT/COORDINATION STUDY/ARC FLASH HAZARD ANALYSIS
3 1.4 INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS A. Qualification Data: For arc flash & coordination-study specialist. B. Product Certificates: For coordination-study and fault-current-study computer software programs, certifying compliance with IEEE 399 & IEEE 1584 Guide To Performing Arc-Flash Calculations. 1.5 MAINTENANCE MATERIAL SUBMITTAL A. Operation and Maintenance Data: Upon completion of project, submit electronic program file on CD for operation, and maintenance manuals. In addition to items specified in Division 01 Section "Operation and Maintenance Data," include the following: 1. Current-limitation curves for fuses with current-limiting characteristics. 2. Time-current coordination curves for overcurrent devices. 3. Coordination charts and tables and related data. 4. Overcurrent device settings report. 5. Electronic copy of study & report. 1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE A. Studies shall use computer programs that are distributed nationally and are in wide use. Software algorithms shall comply with requirements of standards and guides specified in this Section. Manual calculations are not acceptable. B. Coordination-Study Specialist Qualifications: An entity experienced in the application of computer software used for studies, having performed successful studies of similar magnitude on electrical distribution systems using similar devices. 1. Professional engineer, licensed in the state where Project is located, shall be responsible for the study. All elements of the study shall be performed under the direct supervision and control of engineer. C. Comply with IEEE 242, Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems for short-circuit currents and coordination time intervals. D. Comply with IEEE 399 for general study procedures. E. Comply with IEEE 1584 Guide for performing Arc-Flash hazard calculations. PART 2 - PRODUCTS 2.1 COMPUTER SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS A. Computer Software Developers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by one of the following: SHORT CIRCUIT/COORDINATION STUDY/ARC FLASH HAZARD ANALYSIS
4 1. (ETAP software) by Operation Technology, Inc. 2.2 COMPUTER SOFTWARE PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS A. Comply with IEEE 399. B. Analytical features of fault-current-study computer software program shall include "mandatory," "very desirable," and "desirable" features as listed in IEEE 399. C. Computer software program shall be capable of plotting and diagramming time-currentcharacteristic curves as part of its output. Computer software program shall report device settings and ratings of all overcurrent protective devices and shall demonstrate selective coordination by computer-generated, time-current coordination plots. 1. Optional Features: a. Arcing faults. PART 3 - EXECUTION 3.1 EXAMINATION A. Examine Project overcurrent protective device submittals for compliance with electrical distribution system arc-flash & coordination requirements and other conditions affecting performance. Devices to be coordinated are indicated on Drawings. 1. Proceed with arc-flash & coordination study only after relevant equipment submittals have been assembled. Overcurrent protective devices that have not been submitted and approved prior to coordination study may not be used in study. 3.2 POWER SYSTEM DATA A. Gather and tabulate the following input data to support coordination study: 1. Product Data for overcurrent protective devices provided for the project and involved in overcurrent protective device coordination studies. Use equipment designation tags that are consistent with electrical distribution system diagrams, overcurrent protective device submittals, input and output data, and recommended device settings. 2. Impedance of utility service entrance. 3. Electrical Distribution System Diagram: In hard-copy and electronic-copy formats, showing the following: a. Circuit-breaker and fuse-current ratings and types. b. Relays and associated power and current transformer ratings and ratios. c. Transformer kilovolt amperes, primary and secondary voltages, connection type, impedance, and X/R ratios. d. Generator kilovolt amperes, size, voltage, and source impedance. SHORT CIRCUIT/COORDINATION STUDY/ARC FLASH HAZARD ANALYSIS
5 e. Cables: Indicate conduit material, sizes of conductors, conductor material, insulation, and length. f. Busway ampacity and impedance. g. Motor horsepower and code letter designation according to NEMA MG 1, Motors and Generators. 4. Data sheets to supplement electrical distribution system diagram, cross-referenced with tag numbers on diagram, showing the following: a. Special load considerations, including starting inrush currents and frequent starting and stopping. b. Transformer characteristics, including primary protective device, magnetic inrush current, and overload capability. c. Motor full-load current, locked rotor current, service factor, starting time, type of start, and thermal-damage curve. d. Generator thermal-damage curve. e. Time-current-characteristic curves of devices indicated to be coordinated. f. Manufacturer, frame size, interrupting rating in amperes rms symmetrical, ampere or current sensor rating, long-time adjustment range, short-time adjustment range, and instantaneous adjustment range for circuit breakers. g. Manufacturer and type, ampere-tap adjustment range, time-delay adjustment range, instantaneous attachment adjustment range, and current transformer ratio for overcurrent relays. h. Unit substation, Panelboards, switchboards, ampacity, and interrupting rating in amperes rms symmetrical. 3.3 FAULT-CURRENT STUDY A. Calculate the maximum available short-circuit current in amperes rms symmetrical at circuitbreaker positions of the electrical power distribution system. The calculation shall be for a current immediately after initiation and for a three-phase bolted short circuit at each of the following: 1. Primary switch at service medium-voltage switchgear. 2. Unit substation 3. Switchgear and switchboard bus. 4. Motor-control center. 5. Distribution panelboard. 6. Branch circuit panelboard. 7. Dimming panels. B. Study electrical distribution system from normal and alternate power sources throughout electrical distribution system for Project. Include studies of system-switching configurations and alternate operations that could result in maximum fault conditions. C. Calculate momentary and interrupting duties on the basis of maximum available fault current. SHORT CIRCUIT/COORDINATION STUDY/ARC FLASH HAZARD ANALYSIS
6 D. Calculations to verify interrupting ratings of overcurrent protective devices shall comply with IEEE 241, Recommended Practice for Electric Power Systems in Commercial Buildings and IEEE Transformers: a. ANSI C , American National Standard for Transformers- Pad-Mounted, Compartmental-Type, Self-Cooled Three-Phase Distribution Transformers With High-Voltage Bushings, 2500 kva and Smaller: High Voltage, Grd Y/ Volts and Below; Low Voltage, 480 Volts and Below. b. IEEE C57.96, guide for loading dry-type distribution and power transformers. 2. Low-Voltage Circuit Breakers: IEEE 1015, Recommended Practice for Applying Low- Voltage Circuit Breakers Used in Industrial and Commercial Power Systems and IEEE C , Standard for Metal-Enclosed Low-Voltage Power Circuit Breaker Switchgear. 3. Low-Voltage Fuses: IEEE C37.46, High Voltage Expulsion and Current-Limiting Type Power Class Fuses and Fuse Disconnecting Switches. E. Study Report: 1. Show calculated X/R ratios and equipment interrupting rating (1/2-cycle) fault currents on electrical distribution system diagram. F. Equipment Evaluation Report: 1. For 600-V overcurrent protective devices, ensure that interrupting ratings are equal to or higher than calculated 1/2-cycle symmetrical fault current. 2. For devices and equipment rated for asymmetrical fault current, apply multiplication factors listed in the standards to 1/2-cycle symmetrical fault current. 3. Verify adequacy of phase conductors at maximum three-phase bolted fault currents; verify adequacy of equipment grounding conductors and grounding electrode conductors at maximum ground-fault currents. Ensure that short-circuit withstand ratings are equal to or higher than calculated 1/2-cycle symmetrical fault current. 3.4 COORDINATION STUDY A. The electrical contractor shall be responsible for performing the coordination study using approved computer software program. Prepare a written report using results of fault-current study. Comply with IEEE Calculate the maximum and minimum 1/2-cycle short-circuit currents. 2. Calculate the maximum and minimum ground-fault currents. B. Comply with IEEE 241 recommendations for fault currents and time intervals. C. Transformer Primary Overcurrent Protective Devices: 1. Device shall not operate in response to the following: SHORT CIRCUIT/COORDINATION STUDY/ARC FLASH HAZARD ANALYSIS
7 a. Inrush current when first energized. b. Self-cooled, full-load current at transformer. c. Permissible transformer overloads according to IEEE C57.96 if required by unusual loading or emergency conditions. 2. Device settings shall protect transformers according to IEEE C , for fault currents. D. Conductor Protection: Protect cables against damage from fault currents according to ICEA P , Short Circuit Characteristics of Insulated Cable, ICEA P , Short-Circuit Performance of Metallic Shielding and Sheaths and conductor melting curves in IEEE 242. Demonstrate that equipment withstands the maximum short-circuit current for a time equivalent to the tripping time of the primary relay protection or total clearing time of the fuse. To determine temperatures that damage insulation, use curves from cable manufacturers or from listed standards indicating conductor size and short-circuit current. E. Coordination-Study Report: Prepare a written report indicating the following results of coordination study: 1. Tabular Format of Settings Selected for Overcurrent Protective Devices: a. Device tag. b. Relay-current transformer ratios; and tap, time-dial, and instantaneous-pickup values. c. Circuit-breaker sensor rating; and long-time, short-time, and instantaneous settings. d. Fuse-current rating and type. e. Ground-fault relay-pickup and time-delay settings. 2. Coordination Curves: Prepared to determine settings of overcurrent protective devices to achieve selective coordination. Graphically illustrate that adequate time separation exists between devices installed in series, including power utility company s upstream devices. Prepare separate sets of curves for the switching schemes and for emergency periods where the power source is local generation. Show the following information: a. Device tag. b. Voltage and current ratio for curves. c. Three-phase and single-phase damage points for each transformer. d. No damage, melting, and clearing curves for fuses. e. Cable damage curves. f. Transformer inrush points. g. Maximum fault-current cutoff point. F. Completed data sheets for setting of overcurrent protective devices. G. Arc Flash Hazard Analysis 1. Study a. The arc flash hazard analysis shall be performed according to the IEEE std equations that are presented in NFPA70E-2009, Annex D. SHORT CIRCUIT/COORDINATION STUDY/ARC FLASH HAZARD ANALYSIS
8 b. The flash projection boundary and the incident energy shall be calculated at all significant locations in the electrical distribution system (switchboards, switchgear, motor-control centers, panelboards, busway and splitters) where work could be performed on energized parts. c. The Arch-Flash Hazard Analysis shall include all significant locations in the 13.2 Kv, 480 volt, and 208 volt systems fed from transformers equal to or greater than 30 KVA. d. Safe working distances shall be based upon the calculated arc flash boundary considering an incident energy of 1.2 cal/cm 2. e. The short circuit calculations and the clearing times of the phase overcurrent devices will be retrieved from the short-circuit and coordination study model. Ground overcurrent relays should not be taken into consideration when determining the clearing time when performing incident energy calculations. f. The short-circuit calculations and the corresponding incident energy calculations for multiple system scenarios must be compared and the greatest incident energy must be uniquely reported for each equipment location. Calculations must be performed to represent the maximum and minimum contributions of fault current magnitude for all normal and emergency operation conditions. The minimum calculation will assume that the utility contribution is at a minimum and will assume a minimum motor contribution (all motors off). Conversely, the maximum calculation will assume a maximum contribution from the utility and will assume the maximum amount of motors to be operation. The incident energy calculations must consider the accumulation of energy over time when performing arc flash calculations on buses with multiple sources. Iterative calculations must take into account the changing current contributions, as the sources are interrupted or decremented with time. Fault contribution from motors and generators should be decremented as follows: 1) Fault contribution from induction motors should not be considered beyond 3-5 cycles. 2) Fault contribution from synchronous motors and generators should be decayed to match the actual decrement of each as closely as possible (e.g. contributions from permanent magnet generators will typically decay from 10 per unit to 3 per unit after 10 cycles). g. For each equipment location with a separately enclosed main device (where there is adequate separation between the line side terminals of the main protective device and the work location), calculations for incident energy and flash protection boundary shall include both the line and load side of the main breaker. h. When performing incident energy calculations on the line side of a main breaker the line side and load side contributions must be included in the fault calculation. i. Mis-coordination shall be checked amongst all devices within the branch containing the immediate protective device upstream of the calculation location and the calculation shall utilize the fastest device to compute the incident energy for the corresponding location. j. Arc-Flash calculations shall be based on actual overcurrent protective device clearing time. Maximum clearing time shall be capped at 2 seconds based on IEEE std section B.1.2. Where it is not physically possible to move outside of the flash protection boundary in less than 2 seconds during an arc flash event, a maximum clearing time based on the specific location shall be utilized. SHORT CIRCUIT/COORDINATION STUDY/ARC FLASH HAZARD ANALYSIS
9 2. Report Shall include : a. Arcing fault magnitude b. Protective device clearing time c. Duration of arc d. Arc-Flash boundary e. Working distance f. Incident energy g. Hazard Risk Category h. Recommendations for arc-flash energy reduction H. Arc-Flash warning labels 1. Provide an Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis 3.5 in x 5in. thermal transfer type label of high adhesion polyester for each work location analyzed. 2. All labels will be based on recommended overcurrent device settings and will be provided after the results of the analysis have been presented to the owner and after any system changes, upgrades or modifications have been incorporated in the system. 3. The label shall include the following information, at a minimum: a. Location designation b. Nominal voltage c. Flash protection boundary d. Hazard risk category e. Incident energy or energy range corresponding to reported Hazard risk category. f. Working distance g. PPE level h. Engineering report number, revision number and issue date. 4. Labels shall be machine printed, with no field markings. 5. Arc-Flash labels shall be provided in the following manner and all labels shall be based on recommended overcurrent device settings. a. For each 600, 480 and applicable 208 volt panelboard, one arc flash label shall be provided. b. For each low voltage switchboard, one arc flash label shall be provided. c. For each switchgear, one arc flash label shall be provided. d. For medium voltage switches, one arc flash label shall be provided. 6. Labels shall be field installed by the contractor. I. Arc Flash Training 1. The contractor of the Arc Flash Hazard Analysis shall train the owner s qualified electrical personnel of the potential arc flash hazards associated with working on energized equipment (minimum of 4 hours). The training shall be certified for continuing education units (CEUs) by the International Association for Continuing Education Training (IACET) or equivalent. END OF SECTION SHORT CIRCUIT/COORDINATION STUDY/ARC FLASH HAZARD ANALYSIS
CIRCUIT BREAKER INTERRUPTING CAPACITY AND SHORT-TIME CURRENT RATINGS
CIRCUIT BREAKER INTERRUPTING CAPACITY AND SHORT-TIME CURRENT RATINGS David D. Roybal, P.E. Senior Member, IEEE Eaton Electrical 3697 Mount Diablo Boulevard Lafayette, CA 94549 Abstract Low-voltage circuit
More informationShort Circuit Current Calculations
Introduction Several sections of the National Electrical Code relate to proper overcurrent protection. Safe and reliable application of overcurrent protective devices based on these sections mandate that
More informationPart 1 System Modeling & Studies for Existing Systems
Part 1 System Modeling & Studies for Existing Systems Operation Technology, Inc. Copyright 2009 Result of rapid release of energy due to an arcing fault between two conductors. Bus voltages > 208V Temperatures
More informationChoosing the Best Solution for Reducing Arc Energy
CONVENTION SESSION HANDOUT Choosing the Best Solution for Reducing Arc Energy Terry L. Schiazza, Business Development Manager Square D / Schneider Electric SESSION #11 Independent Electrical Contractors
More informationSubmit shop drawings for equipment provided under this section Shop drawings shall indicate:
Section 16435 - SWITCHBOARDS Introduction Part 1 - General Reference The work under this section is subject to requirements of the Contract Documents including the General Conditions, Supplementary Conditions,
More informationLow Voltage Transformer Through-Fault Protection: A System Approach
Data Bulletin 7400DB1001 Nashville, TN USA Low Voltage Transformer Through-Fault Protection: A System Approach Introduction Low Voltage Transformer Protection Criteria NEC Article 450 Transformers and
More informationArc Flash Hazards. Electrical Hazards. Dan Neeser Field Application Engineer DanRNeeser@Eaton.com. Electrical Hazards 2/18/2015. Shock.
Arc Flash Hazards Dan Neeser Field Application Engineer DanRNeeser@Eaton.com Electrical Hazards Electrical Hazards Shock Arc Flash Arc Blast 2 1 Arcing Fault Basics 35,000 F Radiant Heat & UV Speed of
More informationmisconceptions about arc-flash hazard assessments
misconceptions about arc-flash hazard assessments There are some common misconceptions about Arc-Flash Hazard Assessments which reduce the effectiveness of the Assessments and can increase electrical hazards.
More informationSTANDARDS AND RATINGS FOR THE APPLICATION OF MOLDED CASE, INSULATED CASE, AND POWER CIRCUIT BREAKERS
STANDARDS AND RATINGS FOR THE APPLICATION OF MOLDED CASE, INSULATED CASE, AND POWER CIRCUIT BREAKERS David D. Roybal, P.E. Senior Member, IEEE Cutler-Hammer, Inc. 3697 Mount Diablo Boulevard Lafayette,
More informationA USERS GUIDE TO ARC RESISTANT LOW VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR & MOTOR CONTROL ANALYTICAL COMPARISON VS ARC FLASH TEST RESULTS
A USERS GUIDE TO ARC RESISTANT LOW VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR & MOTOR CONTROL ANALYTICAL COMPARISON VS ARC FLASH TEST RESULTS By: Gabriel Arce, ABB, San Luis Potosi, Mexico Casey McCollum, ABB, Houston, TX John
More informationWhat Are the Qualifications to Conduct Arc Flash Studies? Where Do You Begin?
What Are the Qualifications to Conduct Arc Flash Studies? Where Do You Begin? Comparing apples-to-apples bids Plant Services Special Report A shock hazard analysis should be included as part of an arc
More informationGuidelines on the Short Circuit Current Rating for Industrial Control Panels
usa.siemens.com/sccr Guidelines on the Short Circuit Current Rating for Industrial Control Panels Technical Paper for Practical Applications White Paper I October 2014 As per NEC Edition 2014, and UL508A
More informationSecondary Unit Substations
14 SWITCHGEAR Secondary Unit Substations Overview Siemens offers a wide variety of unit substation designs to meet customer requirements. A unit substation consists of one or more transformers mechanically
More informationUnderstanding Arc Flash
Understanding Arc Flash Presented by Eddie F. Jones, PE 1 2 3 4 5 Five to 10 arc flash explosions occur in electric equipment every day in the United States. This number does not include cases in which
More informationNFPA 70E Updates Affect Your Most Valuable Assets
NFPA 70E Updates Affect Your Most Valuable Assets EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Electrocution is a well-known hazard associated with direct contact with electrical energy. According to the U.S. Department of Labor,
More informationA Guide to Performing An Arc Flash Hazard Assessment Using Power Analysis Software
A Guide to Performing An Arc Flash Hazard Assessment Using Power Analysis Software Abstract: The nature of explosive equipment failures, and the rate of serious burn injuries in the electrical industry
More informationNFPA 70E 2012 Rolls Out New Electrical Safety Requirements Affecting Data Centers
NFPA 70E 2012 Rolls Out New Electrical Safety Requirements Affecting Data Centers A market position paper from the experts in Business-Critical Continuity TM Executive Summary Electrocutions are the fourth
More informationEngineering Series Ratings: Is It Practical?
Engineering Series Ratings: Is It Practical? By the National Electrical Manufacturers Association The 2005 National Electrical Code (NEC) introduces a change regarding series ratings for circuit breakers
More informationARC FLASH CALCULATIONS & LABELING REQUIREMENTS
ARC FLASH CALCULATIONS & LABELING REQUIREMENTS Presented by: Edmund Elizalde EYP Mission Critical Facilities, Inc. Slides by: Lonnie Lindell SKM Systems Analysis, Inc. 1 Agenda NEC 110.16 NFPA 70E IEEE
More informationSwitchgear and Metal-Enclosed Bus
Section 18 Switchgear and Metal-Enclosed Bus 180. SWITCHGEAR ASSEMBLIES 180A. General Requirements for All Switchgear. This rule covers general requirements for all switchgear. Examples of switchgear found
More information2a. IEM Indoor Metal Clad Medium Voltage Switchgear 15KV 16346-1. 2a. Section 16346 INDOOR METAL CLAD MEDIUM VOLTAGE SWTICHGEAR (Std.
2a. IEM Indoor Metal Clad Medium Voltage Switchgear 15KV 16346-1 2a. Section 16346 INDOOR METAL CLAD MEDIUM VOLTAGE SWTICHGEAR (Std. Relays) Part 1 General 1.1 CONDITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS: A. Refer to
More informationSection 9: Power Distribution Equipment Bill Brown, P.E., Square D Engineering Services
Section 9: Power Distribution Equipment Bill Brown, P.E., Square D Engineering Services Introduction Power Distribution Equipment is a term generally used to describe any apparatus used for the generation,
More information101 BASICS SERIES LEARNING MODULE 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION. Cutler-Hammer
101 BASICS SERIES LEARNING MODULE 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION Cutler-Hammer WELCOME Welcome to Module 3, Fundamentals of Electrical Distribution. If you have successfully completed Module
More informationManagement Systems 10 Electrical Safety Audit 14 PPE 20 Arc Mitigation 22 Hazard Assessment 26
Management Systems 10 Electrical Safety Audit 14 PPE 20 Arc Mitigation 22 Hazard Assessment 26 Assessing The Hazards Of High and Low Voltage Single-Phase Arc-Flash By Albert Marroquin One common question
More informationBRANDON AND CLARK INC. // SCOTT W. CLARK, P.E. ELECTRICAL CONTINUING EDUCATION ARC FLASH - NFPA 70E
BRANDON AND CLARK INC. // SCOTT W. CLARK, P.E. ELECTRICAL CONTINUING EDUCATION ARC FLASH - NFPA 70E Training is not a substitute for following corporate safety guidelines. Always refer to the latest safety
More informationCONDUCTOR SHORT-CIRCUIT PROTECTION
CONDUCTOR SHORT-CIRCUIT PROTECTION Introduction: This paper analyzes the protection of wire from fault currents. It gives the specifier the necessary information regarding the short-circuit current rating
More informationCircuit Breakers and Switchgear. Thomas Greer Director of Engineering TLG Services
Circuit Breakers and Switchgear Thomas Greer Director of Engineering TLG Services Presentation Outline Switchgear Definition Overcurrent Protection Devices Circuit Breaker Trip Curves and Coordination
More informationSafety By Design. Strategies for Electrical Contractors
Safety By Design Strategies for Electrical Contractors Introduction Engineering and system design significantly impact worker safety System design provides opportunity to eliminate/minimize workers exposure
More informationShort-circuit, Protective Device Coordination & Arc Flash Analysis. By Albert Marroquin Operation Technology, Inc.
Short-circuit, Protective Device Coordination & Arc Flash Analysis By Albert Marroquin Operation Technology, Inc. Agenda Short-circuit Calculations for Arc Flash Analysis Protection and Coordination Principles
More informationSPECIAL TOPICS ON GROUND FAULT PROTECTION AND PROTECTION COORDINATION IN INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL POWER SYSTEMS
SPECIAL TOPICS ON GROUND FAULT PROTECTION AND PROTECTION COORDINATION IN INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL POWER SYSTEMS Claudio S. Mardegan claudio.mardegan@engepower.com www.engepower.com Phone: 55 3579-8777
More informationFusible Disconnect Switch
Circuit Breakers Circuit breakers are used in panelboards and switchboards to provide circuit protection and provide a means of energizing and de-energizing a circuit. Siemens Sentron molded case circuit
More informationUL 508A Industrial Control Panels Power Distribution and Control. Lunch & Learn Training. 2002 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
UL 508A Industrial Control Panels Power Distribution and Control Lunch & Learn Training 2002 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Agenda Who is UL and what role do they play? What is the UL 508A Standard?
More informationPrimary and Secondary Electrical Distribution Systems
Primary and Secondary Electrical Distribution Systems Critical Facilities Round Table 12th Quarterly Membership Meeting June 2, 2006 David D. Roybal. P.E. Eaton Electrical Cutler-Hammer Products Utility
More informationSURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICES (SPDs) LOW VOLTAGE AC INTEGRATED SURGE PROTECTION FOR ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS SECTION 16671A SECTION 16671A
SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICES (SPDs) INTEGRATED UNITS LOW VOLTAGE AC SURGE PROTECTION FOR ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS PART 1 GENERAL 01 02 03 SCOPE The Contractor shall furnish and install the Surge Protective
More informationPower System Selectivity: The Basics of Protective Coordination
Feature Power System Selectivity: The Basics of Protective Coordination by Gary H. Fox, PE GE Specification Engineer The intent of this article is to provide a brief primer about the essence of coordinating
More informationUnified requirements for systems with voltages above 1 kv up to 15 kv
(1991) (Rev.1 May 2001) (Rev.2 July 2003) (Rev.3 Feb 2015) Unified requirements for systems with voltages above 1 kv up to 15 kv 1. General 1.1 Field of application The following requirements apply to
More informationNational Craft Assessment and Certification Program S P E C I F I C A T I O N S
National Craft Assessment and Certification Program S P E C I F I C A T I O N S INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICIAN V4 ELEC26_O4 Released September 2013 Focus Statement An Industrial Electrician must be able to interpret
More informationLow Voltage Fuses For Motor Protection
Code Requirements The NEC or CEC requires that motor branch circuits be protected against overloads and short circuits. Overload protection may be provided by fuses, overload relays or motor thermal protectors.
More informationIntegrating SPDs in Switchgear & Switchboards Causes More Problems than it Solves
Integrating SPDs in Switchgear & Switchboards Causes More Problems than it Solves White Paper July 2010 Integrating surge protective devices (SPD) into distribution equipment (i.e. switchgear, switchboards,
More informationPREFACE. Your comments or suggestions are welcome and appreciated. They should be sent to:
PREFACE UL developed the Dead-Front Switchboard Marking Guide for code authorities, electric utilities, contractors, installers, users, designers, and other interested parties to aid in understanding deadfront
More informationFuseology. Medium Voltage Fuses. Continuous Current-Carrying Capacity. General. Interrupting Rating. Additional Rules.
Fuseology Medium Voltage Fuses General Fuses above are classified under one of three classifications as defined in ANSI/IEEE C37.40. 1. General Purpose Current-Limiting Fuse: A fuse capable of interrupting
More information2013WWOA Conference Technical Conference Program
2013WWOA Conference Technical Conference Program Understanding Arc-Flash Hazards, Its Implications on Operations and Solutions that Mitigate Such Exposure Presented by Jerry Baskin Senior Product Manager
More informationAlternate Methods to Short Circuit Breaker Coordination
Alternate Methods to Short Circuit Breaker Coordination Nguyen Perez, PE Senior Electrical Engineer 2600 Douglas Road, Suite 301 Coral Gables, Florida 305.529.1515 (p) www.brplusa.com Importance in Healthcare
More informationThe Importance of the X/R Ratio in Low-Voltage Short Circuit Studies
The Importance of the X/R Ratio in Low-Voltage Short Circuit Studies DATE: November 17, 1999 REVISION: AUTHOR: John Merrell Introduction In some short circuit studies, the X/R ratio is ignored when comparing
More informationCommercial/Industrial Electricity
1 ELC 210 Commercial/Industrial Electricity Course Package Presented and Approved July 31, 2008 2 Contact person(s) DAVE WHITE Date of proposal to JULY 31, 2008 Curriculum Committee NEW COURSE PACKAGE
More informationAtlanta Chapter IEEE Industry Applications Society
Atlanta Chapter IEEE Industry Applications Society Electrical Equipment Room Design Considerations presented at the Sheraton Buckhead Hotel Atlanta, Georgia November 20, 2006 Outline 1. Definitions 2.
More informationSample - No Commercial Use
COMPLETE REVISION October 2010 Electrical PIP ELSSG01 Design and Fabrication of Low-Voltage Metal-Enclosed AC Power Circuit Breaker Switchgear PURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES In an effort
More informationRISK MITIGATION for ELECTRICAL WORK. Feb 2013 San Diego CA
RISK MITIGATION for ELECTRICAL WORK Feb 2013 San Diego CA Agenda I. RISK Define the Risks Arc Flash Review II. MITIGATION 3 Easy Steps New Designs Vs. Existing Systems III. DUKE UNIVERSITY EXAMPLE I. Risk
More informationUnderstanding 2015 Changes to NFPA 70E Safety-related work practices and maintenance requirements mandate more robust electrical safety programs for
Understanding 2015 Changes to NFPA 70E Safety-related work practices and maintenance requirements mandate more robust electrical safety programs for commercial and industrial facilities Executive Summary
More informationArc Flash Mitigation. Executive summary. by Antony Parsons, Ph.D., P.E.
by Antony Parsons, Ph.D., P.E. Executive summary Arc flash events can result in significant injury to workers, including severe burn injuries. The most effective arc flash safety programs are not those
More informationSentron Series Circuit Breakers
Sentron Series Circuit Breakers Siemens Sentron Series circuit breakers are available in nine frame sizes: ED, FD, JD, LD, LMD, MD, ND, PD, and RD. Sentron Series circuit breakers have a wide range of
More informationData Bulletin. Circuit Breaker Characteristic Trip Curves and Coordination Class 0600 TRIP CURVES AND COORDINATION CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIP CURVES
Data Bulletin Bulletin No. 000DB0 August 0 Cedar Rapids, IA, USA Class 000 TRIP CURVES AND COORDINATION CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIP CURVES Thermal Tripping Characteristics agnetic Tripping Characteristics A coordination
More informationPower System Studies, Field Services and Conversions
Power System Studies, Field Services and Conversions Full Service Providers.1 Overview of Services Overview............................................... Asset Optimization, Knowledge Management and Product
More informationSWITCHGEAR Section 16. SECTION INCLUDES This Section includes service and distribution switchboards rated 600 V and less.
PART 1 - GENERAL SECTION INCLUDES This Section includes service and distribution switchboards rated 600 V and less. RELATED SECTIONS Division 16 Section "Basic Electrical Materials and Methods" for general
More informationWhat are the basic electrical safety issues and remedies in solar photovoltaic installations?
What are the basic electrical safety issues and remedies in solar photovoltaic installations? Presented by: Behzad Eghtesady City of Los Angeles Department of Building and Safety Topics Covered Photovoltaic
More informationTechnical Guide. SKM Arc Flash Line Side vs. Load Side
SKM Arc Flash Line vs. Load The option of choosing the line-side or the load-side arc flash incident energy for arc flash labels is an important decision when performing an arc flash hazard analysis. When
More informationBussmann. All-In-One Module. Bussmann Power Module Switch. How to configure Part Numbers: Step 1: Select Switch Amperage 1
How to configure Part Numbers: Step : Select Switch Amperage Power Module Switch Rating (Amps) Power Module Switch Catalog No. 30 3 60 6 00 200 2 400 4 Step 2: Select Options Needed 5 Bussmann Power Module
More informationUnit substation solutions with type SIMOSEC primary switches quick reference guide E50001-F710-A389-X-4A00. Answers for energy.
Unit substation solutions with type SIMOSEC primary switches quick reference guide E50001-F710-A389-X-4A00 Answers for energy. Unit substation solution with type SIMOSEC primary switches, dry-type transformer
More informationProper Application of 415V Systems in North American Data Centers. A White Paper from the Experts in Business-Critical Continuity
Proper Application of 415V Systems in North American Data Centers A White Paper from the Experts in Business-Critical Continuity Introduction Increasing pressure to reduce operating expenses and be more
More informationReverse-feed applications for circuit breakers
Technical Publication PU01200001E Contents Description Page Intoduction.......................................................................... 2 breaker classifications..........................................................
More informationHow to reduce exposure to arc flash hazards
GE Energy Industrial Solutions How to reduce exposure to arc flash hazards Multiple solutions for new and existing facilities imagination at work Multiple Issues Today s power system engineer must not
More informationEngineering innovation
Eaton's Electrical Engineering Services & Systems Solutions Focus Seamless Solutions for Reliable, Efficient and Safe Power Systems Engineering innovation Progressive solutions for today s power systems
More informationMission Critical Data Center Systems
Mission Critical Systems Mission Critical/ Electrical Distribution Systems Data center electrical distribution designs are rapidly evolving, driven by needs such as increasing power densities, energy efficiency,
More informationIMPLEMENTING THE NEW ELECTRICAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
IMPLEMENTING THE NEW ELECTRICAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS Paul A Zoubek, CSP, CIH Occupational Services, Inc. San Diego, CA 619-861 861-0612 paul@occsev.com OCCUPATIONAL SERVICES, INC. BACKGROUND Update Update
More informationCommon Electrical Hazards in the Workplace Including Arc Flash. Presented by Ken Cohen, PhD, PE & CIH (Ret.)
Common Electrical Hazards in the Workplace Including Arc Flash Presented by Ken Cohen, PhD, PE & CIH (Ret.) 1 What s New In February 1972, OSHA incorporated the 1971 edition of the National Fire Protection
More informationArc Flash Avoidance and its Application to Overhead Traveling Cranes
Arc Flash Avoidance and its Application to Overhead Traveling Cranes Whitepaper August 2012 Jason Wellnitz, Controls Product Manager Material Handling Numerous technical papers, bulletins, magazine articles
More informationMotor Protection Voltage Unbalance and Single-Phasing
Motor Protection Voltage Unbalance and Single-Phasing Cooper Bussmann contributes the following information, which is an excerpt from their 190-page handbook SPD Selecting Protective Devices Based on the
More informationHigh Efficiency Motor Protection. Industry White Paper
High Efficiency Motor Protection Industry White Paper 2 High Efficiency Motor Protection High Efficiency Motor Protection - An Overview Electric motor protection depends on the accurate selection of overloads,
More informationSimplified Guide To Understanding Short-Circuit Current Rating FIND IT, FIX IT, FORGET IT
Simplified Guide To Understanding Short-Circuit Current Rating FIND IT, FIX IT, FORGET IT Are You Ready For The New SCCR Marking Requirements? What Is A Short-Circuit Current Rating (SCCR)? SCCRs on components
More informationTypical Data Requirements Data Required for Power System Evaluation
Summary 66 Carey Road Queensbury, NY 12804 Ph: (518) 792-4776 Fax: (518) 792-5767 www.nepsi.com sales@nepsi.com Harmonic Filter & Power Capacitor Bank Application Studies This document describes NEPSI
More informationNote: Maintenance personnel shall seek Engineering assistance in applying this specification to the procurement and installation of this equipment.
Section 16311 Underground Distribution Switchgear 15 kv Class Note: Maintenance personnel shall seek Engineering assistance in applying this specification to the procurement and installation of this equipment.
More information16300 MEDIUM VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION
16300 MEDIUM VOLTAGE PART 1: GENERAL 1.01 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION A. Most new loads will be served from the underground electric distribution system. This system is a primary open loop configuration served
More informationUnderstanding 2015 Changes to NFPA 70E Safety-related work practices and maintenance requirements mandate more robust electrical safety programs for
Understanding 2015 Changes to NFPA 70E Safety-related work practices and maintenance requirements mandate more robust electrical safety programs for data centers Executive Summary Every three years, the
More informationARC FLASH HAZARD OVERVIEW. Presented August 13, 2015 WWOA Lake Michigan District by Mead & Hunt, Inc.
ARC FLASH HAZARD OVERVIEW Presented August 13, 2015 WWOA Lake Michigan District by Mead & Hunt, Inc. ARC FLASH EXPERIENCE Christopher J. DeWaal, MS, MEM, PE, LEED AP, HACCP How did I get involved? A client
More informationOvercurrent Protection for the IEEE 34 Node Radial Test Feeder
Power System Automation Lab 1 Overcurrent Protection for the IEEE 34 Node Radial Test Feeder Hamed B. Funmilayo, James A. Silva and Dr. Karen L. Butler-Purry Texas A&M University Electrical and Computer
More informationCurrent Transformers Ratio / Polarity / Types
CT1 Current Ratio / Polarity / Types Application Current (CT s) are instrument transformers that are used to supply a reduced value of current to meters, protective relays, and other instruments. CT s
More informationEngineers Edge, LLC PDH & Professional Training
510 N. Crosslane Rd. Monroe, Georgia 30656 (770) 266-6915 fax (678) 643-1758 Engineers Edge, LLC PDH & Professional Training Copyright, All Rights Reserved Engineers Edge, LLC An Introduction to Interior
More informationPRESENTED AT THE 2011 IEEE IAS PULP & PAPER INDUSTRY TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, NASHVILLE, TN: IEEE 2011 - PERSONAL USE OF THIS MATERIAL IS PERMITTED.
Arc Flash Energy Reduction Techniques Zone Selective Interlocking & Energy-Reducing Maintenance Switching Christopher G. Walker Senior Member, IEEE Eaton Corporation Moon Township, PA 15108 chrisgwalker@eaton.com
More informationELECTRICAL SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT
ELECTRICAL SAFETY RISK ASSESSMENT The intent of this procedure is to perform a risk assessment, which includes a review of the electrical hazards, the associated foreseeable tasks, and the protective measures
More informationThe following table shows approximate percentage wise the
SHORT-CIRCUIT CALCULATION INTRODUCTION Designing an electrical system is easy and simple, if only the normal operation of the network is taken into consideration. However, abnormal conditions which are
More informationEvaluating Water-Damaged Electrical Equipment
Evaluating Water-Damaged Electrical Equipment 1 USE OF THIS PUBLICATION This publication provides information on how to evaluate electrical equipment that has been exposed to water through flooding, fire
More informationPrimary-Side Transformer Protection
Primary-Side Transformer Protection Peter J. Meyer, S&C Electric Company, Chicago, Illinois Presented at the Doble Life of a Transformer Seminar; Laguna Beach, California February 21 25, 2005 INTRODUCTION
More informationThis section applies to the design and installation of transformers.
ELECTRICAL: TRANSFORMERS BASIS OF DESIGN This section applies to the design and installation of transformers. Design Criteria 13.8-kV equipment shall be 15-kV class. Coordinate with short-circuit studies
More informationRule 5.500 Fast Track Analysis for National Life Insurance Co.
Rule 5.500 Fast Track Analysis for National Life Insurance Co. For a 500 kw Solar array to be located at 155 Northfield Street in Montpelier, Vermont Green Mountain Power Pam Allen Date: 5/31/13 SECTION
More informationSERVICE-LIFE EVALUATIONS OF LOW-VOLTAGE POWER CIRCUIT BREAKERS AND MOLDED-CASE CIRCUIT BREAKERS
SERVICE-LIFE EVALUATIONS OF LOW-VOLTAGE POWER CIRCUIT BREAKERS AND MOLDED-CASE CIRCUIT BREAKERS Michael J Sprague Member, IEEE Cutler-Hammer, Inc. 130 Commonwealth Drive Warrendale, PA 15086 USA Abstract
More information3. TYPES OF SERVICE AVAILABLE. 3.1 Scope
3. TYPES OF SERVICE AVAILABLE 3.1 Scope UI supplies 60 hertz, alternating current with different voltage and ampere ratings. Not all voltage and ampere ratings are available throughout the entire service
More informationMOTOR PROTECTION AGAINST SINGLE-PHASING
THE SINGLE-PHASE DILEMMA: FACT OR FICTION PROTECTION AGAINST SINGLE-PHASING Bulletin PSP The Single-Phasing Issue: Fact or Fiction Overview Before discussing SINGLE-PHASING, let s take a look at some of
More informationFault Characteristics in Electrical Equipment
1. Introduction Proper design and installation of electrical equipment minimizes the chance of electrical faults. Faults occur when the insulation system is compromised and current is allowed to flow through
More informationA Comparison of Circuit Breakers and Fuses for Low-Voltage Applications
Data Bulletin 0600DB0601 2/2007 Cedar Rapids, IA, USA A Comparison of Circuit Breakers and Fuses for Low-Voltage Applications Tony Parsons, PhD, P.E., Square D / Schneider Electric Power Systems Engineering
More informationSECTION 16341 MEDIUM VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR
PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions, apply to this Section. 1.2 SUMMARY A. This Section includes metal-enclosed
More informationSECTION 262413 SWITCHBOARDS
PART 1 - GENERAL... 1 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS... 1 1.2 SUMMARY... 1 1.3 DEFINITIONS... 1 1.4 SUBMITTALS... 2 1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE... 3 1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING... 3 1.7 PROJECT CONDITIONS...
More informationLow Voltage Switchgear
Arc Resistant Switchgear n Insulated and isolated bus n Separation barriers and top venting n Breaker shutters 12 SWITCHGEAR Arc resistant metal-enclosed low voltage switchgear is an optional product offering
More informationElectronic Trip Circuit Breaker Basics Circuit Breaker Application Guide Class 0600
Electronic Trip Circuit Breaker Basics Circuit Breaker Application Guide Class 0600 Data Bulletin 0600DB1104 03/2012 Retain for future use. Electronic Trip Circuit Breaker Basics 0600DB1104 Table of Contents
More informationProject Name: Nortrax Section 26 41 00 Project No: 13-013 SURGE PROTECTION DEVICES Page 1
Page 1 PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. General: Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Divisions 1 Specification sections apply to
More informationTrade of Electrician. Three-phase Distribution Boards And Socket Circuits
Trade of Electrician Standards Based Apprenticeship Three-phase Distribution Boards And Socket Circuits Phase 2 Module No. 2.3 Unit No. 2.3.2 COURSE NOTES Created by Charlie Walsh - Athlone TC Revision
More informationHAZARDS, INCLUDING SHOCK, ARC FLASH AND FIRE
Appendix B-2 - Electrical Safety In Design Final Report TECHNOLOGIES THAT REDUCE LIKELIHOOD OF INJURY FROM ELECTRICAL HAZARDS, INCLUDING SHOCK, ARC FLASH AND FIRE The following are technologies that reduce
More informationArc Terminator Active Arc-Resistant Switchgear
Arc Terminator Active Arc-Resistant Switchgear Increasing safety and productivity by extinguishing internal arcing faults within the switchgear. The Square D Arc Terminator from Schneider Electric offers
More informationIntroduction to Arc Flash
Introduction to Arc Flash Worker Training of Electrical Hazards Including Arc Flash SH-16614-7 This material was produced under grant number SH-16614-7 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration,
More informationAnalyzing Electrical Hazards in the Workplace
Analyzing Electrical Hazards in the Workplace By Dennis K. Neitzel, CPE AVO Training Institute, Inc. The need for analyzing electrical hazards in the workplace has been recognized by a small segment of
More information